改良锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞用于上肢骨科手术的临床观察

目的探讨改良锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞用于上肢骨科手术的可行性。方法120例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行上肢骨科手术（肩关节及肩关节以下手术）的患者,随机分为改良锁骨上臂丛麻醉组（A组）和肌间沟臂丛麻醉组（B组）,观察不同的臂丛神经阻滞法的麻醉效果、阻滞范围、对止血带的耐受及麻醉并发症的发生情况,比较两组间的入针深度、止血带痛发生率、麻醉操作时间以及感觉运动的阻滞成功率。结果A组止血带痛的发生率明显少于B组（P〈0.05）,A组正中神经、桡神经、尺神经、肌皮神经的感觉阻滞成功率明显高于B组（P〈0.05）,A组运动阻滞的成功率也明显高于B组,B组有尺神经阻滞不全的例数,而A组则没有1例阻滞不全的情况,两组均无气胸和局麻药中毒。结论改良锁骨上入路臂丛神经阻滞成功率高,麻醉效果好,可以安全有效地应用于上肢手术的临床麻醉。     

超声引导下肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的影像学分析

目的:进行超声引导下肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的影像学分析。方法:20例行上肢手术患者,在超声引导下行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞,于肌间沟的上、中、下3组神经干周围均匀地注入0.5%的罗哌卡因20ml,记录麻醉的起效时间和阻滞完全的时间,并观察有无并发症。结果:20例的平均麻醉起效时间为(2.33±0.13)min,阻滞完全的时间为(6.35±0.22)min,无血肿及神经损伤等并发症。结论:超声引导下行肌间沟阻滞麻醉起效快,成功率高且并发症较少。     

超声引导下老年患者肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的临床观察

目的比较超声引导下定位与神经刺激器定位老年患者行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果及安全性。方法选择实施上肢手术的70岁以上老年患者36例,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,将其按随机数字表法随机分为超声引导下定位(U组)和神经刺激器定位(S组),每组18例,两组均给予0.33%罗哌卡因20 ml,记录两组阻滞麻醉操作所需时间、一次穿刺成功率、穿刺误入血管次数、感觉神经阻滞麻醉起效时间、麻醉效果及辅助用药例数,观察并记录并发症发生率。结果 U组完成操作所需时间为(4.5±1.2)min,明显短于S组的(8.1±2.5)min(P<0.01)。U组一次穿刺注射成功率明显高于S组,U组穿刺误入血管次数和辅助用药例数明显低于S组,U组感觉阻滞起效时间(8.2±2.4)min,明显快于S组(13.1±2.5)min(P<0.05)。两组麻醉效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。S组有1例发生局麻药中毒反应。结论超声引导下行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞操作时间短,阻滞起效快,效果好,并发症少,用于老年患者安全、有效。     

超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉在上肢手术中的麻醉效果

目的探讨超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉对上肢手术患者的麻醉效果。方法选取2018年2月至2019年2月河南省省立医院收治的86例拟行上肢手术的患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组43例,其中观察组患者予以超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,对照组患者予以传统盲探臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,对比两组患者感觉神经阻滞起效时间、运动神经阻滞起效时间、感觉神经阻滞持续时间、运动神经阻滞持续时间及镇痛效果。结果观察组患者感觉神经阻滞起效时间及运动神经阻滞起效时间明显短于对照组,而感觉神经阻滞持续时间及运动神经阻滞持续时间明显长于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.232、8.694、5.081、4.689,P均=0.000);观察组患者镇痛效果明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(Mann-Whitney U=740.500,Z=-2.033,P=0.042)。结论超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉可有效缩短上肢手术患者的麻醉起效时间,提高神经阻滞效果,具有重要的临床意义。     

肱骨近端骨折术中应用超声联合神经刺激仪行C4、C6横突阻滞麻醉效果评价

目的评价肱骨近端骨折术中应用超声联合神经刺激仪行C4、C6横突阻滞麻醉的效果及安全性。方法选择行肱骨近端骨折术患者90例,随机分为3组:超声联合神经刺激仪组(US组)30例、超声组(U组)30例、神经刺激仪组(S组)30例。US组采用C4、C6横突阻滞,U组、S组均采用颈丛联合肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞。比较3组的麻醉效果,麻醉操作时间、起效时间、维持时间及麻醉并发症。结果 US组麻醉效果明显优于U组及S组(P<0.05)。US组麻醉操作时间为(4.5±1.5)min,明显少于U组(6.1±1.2)min及S组(10.8±2.7)min(P<0.05)。US组麻醉起效时间为(10.6±1.5)min,明显少于U组(15.6±1.3)min及S组(18.0±1.6)min(P<0.05)。US组麻醉维持时间为(720±115)min,明显多于S组(508±101)min(P<0.05);与U组(715±113)min比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。US组麻醉并发症明显少于S组(P<0.05);与U组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肱骨近端骨折术中应用超声联合神经刺激仪行C4、C6横突阻滞麻醉效果良好,可缩短麻醉操作及起效时间、延长麻醉维持时间、减少并发症,是一种安全有效的麻醉方法。     

颈路臂丛联合颈浅丛阻滞在锁骨手术中的效果观察

目的:观察经颈路臂丛联合颈浅丛阻滞在锁骨手术中的临床麻醉效果。方法:60例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级一侧锁骨手术的病人随机均分为行经颈路臂丛联合颈浅丛阻滞组(A组)和行肌间沟臂丛阻滞组(B组)。A组在锁骨上4及胸锁乳突肌外缘2交叉点垂直皮肤进针,探及异感后回吸无血,注入0.5%罗哌卡因20ml,然后,在胸锁乳突肌后缘中点进针,穿刺针沿下方2-3颈筋膜浅层注入0.5%罗哌卡因5ml。B组在锁骨上2肌间沟处进针,探及异感,回吸无血,注入0.5%罗哌卡因25ml。比较两组麻醉操作时间、感觉阻滞起效时间,采用VAS评估术中切皮、骨性操作、缝皮等时间段感觉阻滞效果,记录不良反应及并发症。结果:A组操作时间长于B组(P<0.05),感觉阻滞起效时间A组短于B组(P<0.05)手术操作中(VAS)评分A组低于B组(P<0.05)。结论:经颈路臂丛联合颈浅丛阻滞法,阻滞成功率高,麻醉效果好。     

经肌间沟臂丛-尺神经联合阻滞与单点臂丛阻滞用于前臂手术的效果观察

目的探讨前臂和手部手术安全有效的麻醉方法。方法将150例前臂和手部手术患者随机分为三组,各50例,采用单纯肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞(A组)、腋路臂丛阻滞(B组)和肌间沟臂丛-尺神经阻滞(C组)的方法,观察、记录麻醉效果。结果 A、B、C组的麻醉效果完善率分别为50%、70%、94%,C组的麻醉效果显著优于A、B组(P<0.05)。结论经肌间沟臂丛-尺神经联合阻滞应用于前臂和手部的手术效果满意,提高了麻醉质量。     

可视超声技术引导下连续肌间沟神经阻滞的应用

目的：探讨可视超声技术引导下在连续肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞中的应用效果。方法：将ASAI-II级60例上肢断指再植,血管神经吻合术的患者随机分为A、B两组,每组各30例。A组采用在可视超声技术引导下连续肌间沟神经阻滞法,B组采用传统的肌间沟神经阻法。臂丛麻醉所用局麻药为1%利多卡因加0.375%罗哌卡因混合液20～25 mL,观察比较两阻患者麻醉起效时间,麻醉成功率,麻醉作用时间及术后镇痛效果。结果：A组麻醉起效时间快,成功率高,作用时间控制自如,术后镇痛完善。结论：在可视超声技术引导下连续肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞,明显提高阻滞成功率,麻醉作用时间控制自如,术后镇痛完善,降低并发症发生率,是一种安全有效的临床操作技术。     

超声引导下右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因在老年患者上肢尺桡骨骨折固定术中臂丛神经阻滞效果探索

目的 观察超声引导下右美托咪定复合盐酸罗哌卡因在老年患者上肢尺桡骨骨折固定术中臂丛神经阻滞中的应用效果。方法 采用随机数字表法将2020年01月至2023年01月80例老年上肢尺桡骨骨折分为对照组(40例,超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞联合罗哌卡因)、研究组(40例,超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞联合右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因),对比两组麻醉效果、镇痛持续时间、镇静评分(采用Ramsay评分评估)、呼吸循环情况及不良反应。结果 与对照组相比,研究组运动奏效时间与感觉奏效时间均较短,运动维持时间与感觉维持时间及镇痛持续时间均较长(P<0.05);入室时两组Ramsay评分对比(P>0.05),与对照组相比,研究组麻醉后10 min、手术开始时、手术开始30 min及术毕时Ramsay评分均较低(P<0.05);入室时与术毕时两组心率对比(P>0.05),麻醉后10 min、手术开始时及手术开始30 min两组心率均入室时下降,且研究组下降幅度大于(因为右美可降心率)对照组(P>0.05);研究组术毕时血氧饱和度高于对照组(P<0.05),其余各时点血氧饱和度对比(P<...     

超声引导下骶管阻滞麻醉在肛肠手术中的应用

 目的 探讨超声引导下骶管阻滞麻醉在肛肠手术中应用效果。方法 选取2017-01至2018-03医院行肛肠手术患者208例,随机分为超声组和对照组,每组104例。 超声组予以超声引导定位骶管阻滞麻醉,对照组以传统解剖定位骶管阻滞麻醉。分别记录两组患者的穿刺情况(穿刺时间、穿刺针调整次数、麻醉起效时间和痛觉消失时间)、麻醉成功率及患者满意度和麻醉后并发症情况。结果 超声组穿剌针调整(2.50±0.50)次,明显少于对照组的(5.00±1.00)次,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);麻醉起效时间(2.85±1.30)min,明显短于对照组的(4.88±0.92)min;痛觉消失时间(4.85±1.24)min,明显短于对照组的(7.86±2.12)min,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);超声组麻醉Ⅰ级比率及麻醉成功率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。超声组麻醉Ⅲ级比率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超声组出现血肿、出血和神经损伤相关并发症明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 超声引导下骶管阻滞麻醉在肛肠手术中可准确定位,提高阻滞麻醉成功率,减少并发症,提高患者满意度。     

臂丛加颈浅丛神经联合阻滞用于锁骨骨折内固定术的临床观察

目的：观察臂丛加颈浅丛神经联合阻滞用于锁骨骨折内固定术的临床效果。方法：随机将90例患者分为3组,Ⅰ组臂丛加颈浅丛神经联合阻滞;Ⅱ组臂丛神经阻滞;Ⅲ组颈浅丛神经阻滞。结果：Ⅰ组麻醉效果明显优于其他两组。结论：臂丛加颈浅丛神经联合阻滞用于锁骨骨折内固定术具有很好的临床效果。     

Definition of the supraclavicular and infraclavicular nodes: implications for three-dimensional CT-based conformal radiation therapy.

PURPOSE: To delineate with computed tomography (CT) the anatomic regions containing the supraclavicular (SCV) and infraclavicular (IFV) nodal groups, to define the course of the brachial plexus, to estimate the actual radiation dose received by these regions in a series of patients treated in the traditional manner, and to compare these doses to those received with an optimized dosimetric technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients underwent contrast material-enhanced CT for the purpose of radiation therapy planning. CT scans were used to study the location of the SCV and IFV nodal regions by using outlining of readily identifiable anatomic structures that define the nodal groups. The brachial plexus was also outlined by using similar methods. Radiation therapy doses to the SCV and IFV were then estimated by using traditional dose calculations and optimized planning. A repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to compare the SCV and IFV depths and to compare the doses achieved with the traditional and optimized methods. RESULTS: Coverage by the 90% isodose surface was significantly decreased with traditional planning versus conformal planning as the depth to the SCV nodes increased (P < .001). Significantly decreased coverage by using the 90% isodose surface was demonstrated for traditional planning versus conformal planning with increasing IFV depth (P = .015). A linear correlation was found between brachial plexus depth and SCV depth up to 7 cm. CONCLUSION: Conformal optimized planning provided improved dosimetric coverage compared with standard techniques.     

不同浓度罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛阻滞的临床对比研究

目的：观察3种浓度罗哌卡因肌间沟臂丛阻滞的效果和不良反应。方法：84例择期行上肢手术患者，随机分为A、B、C、D4组，每组21例。分别采用0．25％、0．375％、0．5％浓度罗派卡因和0．25％布比卡因行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞。观察感觉神经、运动阻滞时间及阻滞程度、镇痛持续时间、不良反应。结果：B、C组感觉神经阻滞、运动阻滞和镇痛持续时间明显较A组延长（P〈0．05），B、C组运动阻滞程度明显较A组增强（P〈0．01）。结论：3种浓度罗哌卡因肌间沟臂丛阻滞均可满足手术要求，但0．375％罗派卡因更适合于肌间沟臂丛阻滞。     

Spatial mapping of the brachial plexus using three-dimensional ultrasound

Imaging of the brachial plexus with MRI and standard two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound has been reported, and 2D ultrasound-guided regional anaesthetic block is an established technique. The aim of this study was to map the orientation of the brachial plexus in relation to the first rib, carotid and subclavian arteries, using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. A free-hand optically tracked 3D ultrasound system was used with a 12 MHz transducer. 10 healthy volunteers underwent 3D ultrasound of the neck. From the 3D ultrasound data sets, the outlines of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery and first rib were manually segmented. A surface was interpolated from the series of outlines to produce a spatially orientated 3D reconstruction of the brachial plexus. The brachial plexus could be mapped in all volunteers, although a variation in image resolution between individuals existed. Anatomical variations were demonstrated between the 10 volunteers; the most notable and clinically relevant was the alignment of the plexus divisions. 3D reconstructions illustrated the plexus, changing its orientation from a vertical alignment in the interscalene region to a more horizontal alignment in the supraclavicular fossa. Spatial mapping of the brachial plexus is possible with 3D ultrasound using the subclavian artery and first rib as landmarks. There is a deviation from the conventionally described anatomy and this may have implications for the administration of regional anaesthesia.     

Median nerve injury as a result of medial brachial fascial compartment syndrome

A case of brachial plexus injury after brachial arteriography is reported. Percutaneous catheterization of the brachial artery for angiography and intervention is performed when contraindications for the femoral approach exist. Access-related complications include injuries to the infraclavicular brachial plexus. This is often a result of a hematoma within the medial brachial fascial compartment leading to a compartment syndrome. Early recognition and prompt surgical management is vital to prevent permanent nerve damage.     

Improved Treatment of the Breast and Supraclavicular Fossa Based on a Simple Geometrical Principle

In breast cancer, nodal irradiation has become routine, but adds time and creates concerns for field overlap if the “match” is not accurate. We developed a technique to address these issues by using only one isocenter for both areas. Tangents are designed at simulation. The isocenter is then shifted to the upper border of the breast using a straightforward geometrical calculation. After determining the new isocenter, fields are recreated wherein the tangents are treated with a quarter beam and the supraclavicular field fashioned with a half-beam block. The gantry, collimator, and couch angles of the supraclavicular field are adjusted to achieve an accurate match. Ten patients were evaluated. Doses to the spinal cord and brachial plexus were lowered relative to conventional techniques. The hot spots were not augmented. In comparison with standard arrangements, setup time decreased. Accurate matching was consistently achieved and verified by portal imaging. A new approach for treating the supraclavicular fossa is easily executed. Advantages include negligible doses to the critical neural structures (i.e., spinal cord and brachial plexus), optimized matchline, and reduced setup time.     

不同浓度甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的临床研究

目的借助神经刺激器定位肌间沟臂丛阻滞,观察3种浓度甲磺酸罗哌卡因的阻滞效果和不良反应,为临床寻找一种合适浓度配方。方法将90例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行上肢手术的患者随机分为A、B、C三组(每组30例),分别采用0.25%、0.33%和0.40%甲磺酸罗哌卡因,行神经刺激器定位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。观察感觉神经阻滞时间、运动阻滞时间及阻滞程度、镇痛持续时间、不良反应。结果与A组比较,B组和C组感觉神经阻滞时间延长差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组运动阻滞时间延长差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组镇痛持续时间明显延长(P<0.05)。A组有5例术中有疼痛不适,需要用镇痛药镇痛;B组发生2例霍纳综合征;C组发生3例霍纳综合征和2例呼吸困难,经面罩吸氧后缓解。未发生其他并发症。结论 借助神经刺激器定位肌间沟臂丛阻滞,3种浓度甲磺酸罗哌卡因均可满足手术的要求,但0.33%甲磺酸罗哌卡因更适合于肌间沟臂丛阻滞麻醉。     

舒芬太尼复合咪唑安定在臂丛神经阻滞中的应用

目的：实验重点研究舒芬太尼复合咪唑安定在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉中增强镇静及镇痛作用的可行性,安全性及实用性。方法：将40例需进行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的患者随机分为两组,分别在术中应用舒芬太尼＋咪唑安定,芬太尼＋咪唑安定,观察镇痛、镇静效果评分,血流动力学变化,观察唤醒时间与术中记忆情况。结果：两组患者均能取得良好的镇痛、镇静效果,但舒芬太尼组镇静效果强于芬太尼组。结论：舒芬太尼组复合咪唑安定可用于臂丛神经阻滞可取得良好满意的镇静镇痛效果,安全实用。     

锁骨上窝臂丛神经鞘瘤影像学分析

目的探讨锁骨上窝部位臂丛神经鞘瘤影像诊断的最佳方法.材料与方法9例均经手术及病理证实为锁骨上窝部位臂丛神经鞘瘤行胸部及颈部X线平片检查,其中4例同时行CT检查,5例行MRI检查.结果X线平片检查中3例见锁骨上窝区有密度增高影,但界限不清.MRI及CT检查均发现锁骨上窝区有类圆形肿物,边界清楚,MRI能清楚的见到臂丛神经的根、干、束及肿物与臂丛神经及周围组织的关系.结论MRI及CT对臂丛神经鞘瘤均具诊断价值,MRI在锁骨上窝部位的组织分辨力优于CT.