乳腺疾病患者超声弹性成像与常规超声的临床诊断分析

目的探讨超声弹性成像与常规超声在诊断乳腺疾病上的临床价值。方法将我院筛查出的88例乳腺疾病患者作为研究对象,分别对其进行常规超声和超声弹性成像检查,根据最终的病理学检查结果对比常规超声、超声弹性成像与联合检查在诊断乳腺肿块良恶性上的准确性。结果在诊断良、恶性乳腺肿块上,常规超声的准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为72.73%、66.66%和72.94%,超声弹性成像的准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为84.09%、100.00%和83.53%。超声弹性成像联合常规超声的准确度、敏感度、特异度分别为94.32%、100.00%和95.29%,其准确度和敏感度均明显高于单一常规超声和超声弹性成像(P0.05)。结论常规超声与超声弹性成像在鉴别乳腺疾病良恶性上均有一定价值,超声弹性成像的的诊断敏感性和诊断效能高于常规超声,但二者联合应用效果更为显著,在乳腺疾病筛查过程中建议二者联合应用。     

实时超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的可行性及实效性探究

目的:对实时超声弹性成像在甲状腺良恶性结节的诊疗中的可行性和实效性进行探究。方法:选取我院2011-03~2013-05期间104例(共132个结节)患者作为研究对象。术前对所有患者分别利用实时超声弹性成像和常规超声成像进行结节检查并记录结果,然后对所有患者进行手术治疗并依据病理结果确定结节良恶性状态,对各个结果进行比较分析。结果:根据病理结果,132个结节包含94个良性结节和38个恶性结节。超声弹性成像检查结果根据弹性硬度分类得到0~Ⅱ的结节84个,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级48个,敏感度为79.32%(29/38),特异度为78.72%(74/94),准确度为78.03%(103/132);而常规超声检查对应结果敏感度为71.05%(27/38),特异度79.79%(75/94),准确度77.27%(102/132);两者联合检查结果则敏感度为86.84%(33/38),特异度为93.62%(88/94),准确度为91.67%(121/132)。超声弹性成像诊断和常规超声诊断之间无显著差异(P>0.05),而联合诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确度均显著高于前两者(P<0.05)。结论:实时超声成像诊断和常规超声诊断联合使用可以大大提高甲状腺结节诊断准确率。     

常规超声及超声弹性成像对乳腺肿块的定性诊断价值

目的:探讨常规超声、超声弹性成像及两者联合应用在乳腺肿块定性诊断中的价值。方法:421例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿块患者(464个乳腺肿块)行常规超声及超声弹性成像检查,分析常规超声、超声弹性成像及两者联合应用在乳腺肿块定性诊断中的准确性。结果:常规超声对乳腺肿块定性诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为81.09%和81.37%。超声弹性成像评分对乳腺肿块定性诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为88.56%和86.69%。超声弹性成像联合常规超声对乳腺肿块定性诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为92.04%和91.63%。3种方法对乳腺肿块定性诊断的敏感度及特异度差异均具有统计学意义(P=0.003)。结论:超声弹性成像在乳腺肿块定性诊断上较常规超声有一定优势,两者的联合应用有利于提高诊断的准确性。     

肿块深度对乳腺超声弹性成像检查结果的影响分析

目的探究超声弹性成像(UE)中肿瘤深度对于判断乳腺肿物的良、恶性影响。方法选取本院2017年1月~2018年10月间收治的178例因乳腺肿块行手术切除患者为观察对象,纳入病灶200个。依据肿瘤深度不同分4组。对所有的患者在术前均予以常规超声检查以及超声弹性成像检查,对比不同深度肿瘤的UE成像情况、分析诊断效能(准确度、特异度、灵敏度以及阴、阳性预测值),对比良恶性乳腺肿瘤UE成像检查的阳性率。结果诊断良性病灶114个、恶性病灶86个;D组成像效果与A、B、C组相比的UE成像效果更差(P<0.05);A组特异度与B、C、D组的对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组准确度显著高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),UE成像技术对恶性病灶的诊断阳性率显著更高(P<0.05)。结论在乳腺超声弹性成像检查中,对于乳腺肿物的良、恶性成像质量,诊断的特异度与准确度均受到肿瘤深度的影响。     

彩色多普勒血流显像与超声弹性成像联合诊断BI-RADS4类乳腺病变

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)与超声弹性成像(UE)联合诊断乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)4类乳腺病变的价值.资料与方法 132例BIRADS4类乳腺病变,根据病变血流Adler半定量分级及弹性评分对BI-RADS分类进行调整,绘制ROC曲线,比较BI-RADS分类及校正BI-RADS分类.结果 132例病灶中,良性病灶75个,恶性病灶57个.CDFI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为87.72％,特异度为48.00％,准确度为65.15％;UE诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为87.72％,特异度为61.33％,准确度为72.73％.校正BI-RADS分类诊断4类乳腺病变的ROC曲线下面积为0.845,明显高于BI-RADS分类的0.760 (Z=2.963,P＜0.01).结论 CDFI联合UE可以明显提高对BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变的诊断准确率,有效减少不必要的术前活检.     

高频彩色多普勒超声与超声弹性成像诊断乳腺癌的临床对比分析

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)与超声弹性成像(UE)诊断乳腺癌的临床效果对比。方法选取2016年1月~2016年11月期间我院45例乳腺占位性病变患者(52个病灶),均给予CDFI、UE,以及病理学检查,以病理学检查结果作为金标准,计算和比较两种检查方法诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断符合率、误诊率、漏诊率。结果与CDFI相比,UE诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断符合率均明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与CDFI相比,UE诊断乳腺癌的误诊率、漏诊率均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声弹性成像对乳腺癌诊断有较高的敏感度、特异度,较低的误诊率、漏诊率,值得临床推广。     

超声助力式弹性成像和声触诊组织成像量化技术对浅表软组织肿物诊断的价值

目的探讨超声助力式弹性成像(EI)和声触诊组织成像量化(VTQ)技术对浅表软组织肿物的诊断价值。方法回顾性收集经活检或手术病理证实且常规超声诊断有浅表软组织肿物的病人50例,共64个肿物。采用常规超声测量肿物大小、纵横比并观察其形态、边界、内部回声等指标,彩色多普勒观察血流信号,采用助力式EI获得肿物的弹性影像,并进行半定量评分,采用VTQ技术测量剪切波速度(SWV)。以病理结果为金标准,计算常规超声、EI评分和VTQ技术对良恶性浅表软组织肿物的诊断效能。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验比较良恶性肿物间的SWV,绘制SWV的受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。结果64个肿物中,病理诊断良性肿物51个,恶性肿物13个。常规超声诊断浅表软组织肿物良恶性的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为76.9%(10/13)、90.2%(46/51)、87.5%(56/64),EI诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为76.9%(10/13)、88.2%(45/51)、85.9%(55/64),EI联合常规超声诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为84.6%(11/13)、94.1%(48/51)、92.2%(59/64)。VTQ检测恶性肿物的SWV高于良性肿物(P<0.05)。取SWV值2.995 m/s作为诊断阈值时,VTQ鉴别诊断肿物良恶性的AUC为0.983,其敏感度、特异度分别为92.3%、90.2%。结论EI弹性评分可半定量反映肿物组织的硬度信息,VTQ可定量评估肿物组织硬度弹性特征,两种成像模式对鉴别诊断浅表软组织肿物良恶性有一定价值。     

高频超声及弹性成像对甲状腺微小结节病变中的诊断价值

目的对比分析甲状腺微小癌和甲状腺微结节病变的高频超声及弹性成像的声像图特征,探讨高频超声及弹性成像对微小良恶性甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选取在我院接受甲状腺切除术的99例患者(116个甲状腺结节)。常规高频超声采用半定量评分法判断结节性质,超声弹性成像采用5级评分法判断结节性质。以病理检查为金标准,计算灵敏度、特异度、准确度。结果经病理检查证实,116个甲状腺结节中,良性结节86个,恶性结节30个。常规高频超声诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的灵敏度为60.0%,特异度为69.8%,准确度67.2%;超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺结节的灵敏度为93.3%,特异度为91.9%,准确度为92.2%。灵敏度、特异度、准确度在两种检查方式之间,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声弹性成像的诊断准确率明显优于常规高频超声检查,值得进一步推广临床使用。     

超声弹性成像技术与二维灰阶＋CDFI超声诊断乳腺疾病对照研究

目的探讨超声弹性成像与二维灰阶＋CDFI超声在诊断乳腺疾病中的价值。方法以手术病理为诊断标准,对比分析超声弹性成像与二维灰阶＋CDFI超声诊断乳腺疾病的准确性。结果超声弹性成像诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为83%、98%、95%。二维灰阶＋CDFI超声诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为82%、78%、79%。结论超声弹性成像诊断乳腺病变的准确性高于二维灰阶＋CDFI超声,但两者结合可望提高乳腺良恶性病变诊断的准确性。     

超声造影联合弹性成像对BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)联合弹性成像(UE)对BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的190枚BI-RADS 4类病灶的UE及CEUS声像图特点,以手术病理结果为"金标准",采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分别评估两者单独及联合应用调整BI-RADS分类的诊断效能。结果 190枚病灶,病理结果显示良性71枚,恶性119枚。CEUS各增强特点良恶性组间差异均有统计学意义。CEUS、UE及常规超声的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUROC)分别为0.848,0.767,0.818,均小于UE联合CEUS调整BI-RADS分类的方法(AUROC为0.935),诊断效能具有统计学意义(P0.01)。常规超声、UE、CEUS的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为97.5%,67.6%,86.3%;68.1%,76.1%,71.1%;65.5%,91.5%,75.3%。CEUS联合UE调整BI-RADS分类后的敏感度98.3%,特异度88.7%,准确率94.7%。结论 CEUS在乳腺良恶性病灶的鉴别上有一定的应用价值,CEUS联合UE能进一步提高BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶的良、恶性鉴别诊断。     

超声弹性成像与常规超声联合应用在乳腺病灶良恶性鉴别上的价值

目的：探讨超声弹性成像在鉴别乳腺病变良恶性上的价值。材料和方法：对随机来我院检查的400例患者共433个乳腺病灶分别进行常规超声及弹性超声检查，结果与病理对照。结果：常规超声成像和弹性成像在鉴别乳腺病灶良恶性上价值相当（灵敏度、特异度及正确率分别为84．8％、82．8％及83．6％和83．6％、78．2％及80．4％，P〉0．05），但联合应用2种技术灵敏度提高至93．0％，比常规超声检查显著提高（P≤0．01）。结论：超声弹性成像对乳腺恶性病变较敏感，能帮助诊断常规超声较难鉴别的良恶性病变，两者联合应用可进一步提高超声技术的鉴别诊断能力。     

Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cirrhoses. Prospective study of 128 patients

This prospective study was carried out in order to assess the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. One hundred and twenty eight alcoholic patients were included. A careful ultrasonographic examination of the liver was performed before liver biopsy (100 patients). In 15 cases, liver histology was normal, steatosis and/or fibrosis, cirrhosis were diagnosed in 13 and 72 cases respectively. Ultrasonic patterns were classified by the same examiner, according to several criteria: volume, irregular outline, coarse and fine bright echo pattern, attenuation of the ultrasound beam, splenomegaly, ascite, portal hypertension. Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 58 out of 72 patients (80.5%). Specificity was 78.5%, positive and negative predictive values were 90.6% and 61% respectively, and global efficacy was 80%. Irregular outline (0.66), hepatomegaly (0.66) and attenuation of the ultrasound beam (0.64) were the best signs. In case of fine bright echo pattern, the diagnosis of cirrhosis would be missed. The results suggest that ultrasonography is a good test for screening alcoholics for cirrhosis. Therefore, it is useful when liver biopsy is contra indicated or refused or when liver is not detected at the clinical examination.     

Ultrasonographic studies in hepatic neoplasms: patterns and comparisons with radiological contrast studies

A prospective blind study of 100 patients with hepatic neoplasms was performed using the grey-scale linear-array ultrasonographic technique. Seventy-four patients had hepatocellular carcinoma, eight had cholangiocarcinoma, 17 had metastases and one had haemangiosarcoma. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 96%, comparable to the 98% diagnostic accuracy of other radiological studies which were performed in 70 patients. The sites and extent of the lesions and the state of the portal system were identical in both the ultrasonographic and radiological contrast studies. No false positives were found in 254 patients who had ultrasonography of the liver for non-maligant disorders during the period of study. We conclude that linear-array ultrasonography is a simple, sensitive, specific and non-invasive procedure for the investigation of suspected hepatic neoplasms and is useful in assessing operability.     

Static grey-scale parathyroid ultrasonography: is high-resolution real-time technique required?

Ultrasound has been used with varying success to localise parathyroid adenomas pre-operatively. We have reviewed 61 patients with pre-operative contact-scanning grey-scale parathyroid ultrasonography and subsequent surgical exploration of all four parathyroid glands. Diagnostic accuracy was 91% considering glands examined and 63% considering patients examined. There was one false positive diagnosis. False negative diagnoses (17 adenomas and five ectopic mediastinal tumours) were mainly due to upper pole adenomas, adenomas less than 10 mm X 7 mm in size and ectopic mediastinal adenomas. Static grey-scale ultrasonography is adequate for the pre-operative localisation of parathyroid adenomas, especially when high-resolution technique is not available. In fact, the overall accuracy is comparable to the recently reported diagnostic accuracy rates with high-resolution real-time systems.     

Comparison of liver histology with ultrasonography in assessing diffuse parenchymal liver disease

To establish the accuracy of ultrasonography in assessing diffuse parenchymal liver disease we performed a prospective comparative study with histology in 50 patients with a wide range of liver disease. Liver biopsy was performed within 24 h of the ultrasound examination and ultrasonography was performed by a single operator who was unaware of clinical details of the patients. Histology was reviewed blind and the degree of steatosis graded mild, moderate or severe while increased portal fibrous tissue was graded mild, moderate or established cirrhosis. Thirty-six patients had steatosis and 31 patients had increased fibrous tissue on histology. Ultrasonography correctly identified steatosis in 32/36 (89%) patients including all patients with the severe grade. Increased fibrous tissue was correctly identified in 24/31 (77%) with a sensitivity of 100% in patients with moderate fibrosis and established cirrhosis. Specificity was 93% for steatosis and 89% for increased fibrous tissue. These results show that ultrasonography can provide a non-invasive prediction of liver histology which in moderate and severe steatosis and advanced fibrosis can be both highly sensitive and specific.     

US, colour-Doppler US and fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to correlate the diagnosis of benign or malignant thyroid nodules obtained with grey-scale ultrasound (US) and colour-Doppler US with the cytological findings after US-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and June 2005, 516 thyroid nodules in 420 patients (181 solitary thyroid nodules and 239 multiple nodules) were prospectively evaluated with US, colour-Doppler US and US-guided FNA. The nodules were classified as sonographically benign, suspicious or malignant in accordance with established US criteria. Cytological findings were classified as inadequate, benign, indeterminate, suspicious or malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of US and colour-Doppler US were evaluated using FNA as the reference procedure. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and overall accuracy values of grey-scale US were 46%, 73%, 34%, 82% and 67%, respectively, for solitary thyroid nodules and 35%, 72%, 14%, 90% and 68%, respectively, for multiple nodules. The evaluation of nodule vascularity with colour-Doppler US produced a slight increase in sensitivity but a slight reduction in specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid nodules cannot be accurately characterised using grey-scale US or colour-Doppler US.     

Ultrasound evaluation of the fibrosis stage in chronic liver disease by the simultaneous use of low and high frequency probes

A liver biopsy is currently considered the definitive diagnostic modality for establishing the severity of hepatic fibrosis. We analysed the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasound (US) using both low frequency and high frequency probes as a repeatable, inexpensive, and reliable method to determine the fibrosis stage in chronic liver disease and then compared our results with the histological findings. A total of 103 patients with chronic liver disease (60 males and 43 females, average age 51 years old) who had undergone both a liver biopsy and US with 2-5 MHz frequency and 5-12 MHz frequency probes were prospectively evaluated in this study. An US scoring system using both the low frequency and high frequency probes was performed by evaluating the edge, surface and parenchymal texture of the liver. Each score was obtained by evaluating three parameters; the bluntness of the liver edge, the irregularity of the surface and the coarseness of the parenchymal texture were evaluated and then compared with the histological findings. The US scores of the liver edge (rs: 0.6668), liver surface (rs: 0.9007) and liver parenchymal texture (rs: 0.8853) correlated significantly with the fibrosis stage obtained based on the biopsy findings. The accumulated US scores of these three parameters, however, was found to be the most reliable indicator (rs: 0.9524). Patients with an accumulated score of 6.5 or more were all found to have fibrosis stage 4 in which the accuracy of our scoring system for correctly predicting cirrhosis was found to be 100% sensitive. When an accumulated US score of 3 was interpreted to indicate mild fibrosis (a fibrosis score of 0 or 1), all 42 patients with stage 0 or 1 fibrosis were found to have an accumulated US score of 3 or less (a probability of 100%) and 42 of 53 patients with a score of 3 or less were found to have stage 0 or 1 fibrosis (specificity of 79.2%). An ultrasound evaluation of the liver fibrosis stage based on the scoring system using both low and high frequency probes was found to be a reliable and effective alternative to the histological staging in chronic liver diseases.     

超声弹性成像技术及三维成像技术对乳腺肿块诊断的临床价值

目的：探讨超声弹性成像技术结合三维成像技术在乳腺肿块良恶性临床鉴别与诊断中的应用价值。方法本文对125例接受诊治的乳腺肿块者采用超声弹性成像技术结合三维成像技术进行良恶性鉴别和诊断,并与病理结果对照。结果125例患者的139个病灶中恶性病灶19个,占13．67％;良性病灶120个,占86．33％。按照超声弹性成像评分3分以下（包括3分）为良性病灶标准,实时组织弹性成像评分在4分以上（包括4分）为恶性病灶标准,进行超声弹性成像评分鉴别诊断乳腺病灶良恶性的效能分析发现,超声弹性成像评分对良恶性鉴别诊断符合率为89．93％。超声弹性成像技术结合三维成像技术后,从形态结构、内部回声、与周边组织关系及肿块内血流情况,进一步判断乳腺肿块的良恶性,结果显示超声弹性成像技术结合三维成像技术诊断对良恶性鉴别诊断符合率为94．24％。结论超声弹性成像技术结合三维成像技术综合评价乳腺肿块的良、恶性,三维超声能提供更加丰富的三维空间信息,超声弹性成像可以有效发现微小病灶,二者互补,可以明显提高超声影像技术的准确率。     

Accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in the identification and grading of hepatic fibrosis in patients afflicted with chronic viral liver disease, compared to histological examination as a gold standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 105 patients (32 F, 73 M) affected by chronic viral liver disease in 36 months. Patients were studied with B-mode US and then underwent US-guided liver biopsy. All the patients were studied with conventional US with a Sequoia 512, 6.0 (Acuson, Mountain View CA, USA). We evaluated the following US parameters: liver margins, parenchymal echotexture, portal vein caliber and spleen diameter. The four B-mode US parameters were used for the US grading (from 0 to 4). Scheuer's grading (from 0 to 4) was used for the histological score. Grades 3 and 4 were considered as positive for fibrosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated in the case of absence, positivity of one or all the US parameters. The correlation between US and histological scores was evaluated with Spearman's test. RESULTS: At histology seventy-seven patients (73%) had absent grade 0 (1 patient; 1%), low-moderate grade 1 (35 patients; 33%) or grade 2 (41 patients; 39%) liver fibrosis. Twenty-eight patients (27%) had severe grade 3 (16 patients; 15%) or grade 4 (12 patients; 11%) fibrosis. In the case of absence of US parameters sensitivity was 32%, specificity 32%, positive predictive value 15%, negative predictive value 57% and accuracy 32%. In the case of positivity of at least one of the US parameters the values were 68%, 68%, 43%, 84% and 69%. In the case of presence of all the US signs the results were 25%, 100%, 100%, 79% and 80%. None of the 77 patients with a healthy liver or with low-grade fibrosis was positive for all the US parameters. All the patients positive for all of the ultrasonographic parameters had high-grade fibrosis or cirrhosis at liver biopsy. Correlation between B-mode and histological scores was not statistically significant (Rs=0.45; p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: US identification of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease is possible with 25% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 79% negative predictive value, with an 80% diagnostic accuracy.     

Transvaginal ultrasound examination of women with and without pelvic venous congestion

AIM: To determine if transvaginal ultrasound, including power Doppler examination, can distinguish between women with and without pelvic congestion.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six women with pelvic congestion were prospectively examined using transvaginal ultrasonography and standard uterine and ovarian measurements made. Additionally, planimetric measurements of each ovary were taken using an image analysis program to determine the cross-sectional area of ovarian stroma and follicles, if any. Power Doppler images of adnexal vessels were obtained and planimetric estimates of surface area calculated. A congestion score was assigned to each patient, based on vein number, diameter and morphology on grey-scale scanning. Identical measurements were obtained from 19 asymptomatic women and results compared.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between women with pelvic congestion and controls with respect to power Doppler or grey-scale images of adnexal vessels, or congestion score. However, women with pelvic congestion had significantly larger and multicystic ovaries when compared to controls.CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal ultrasound measurements of adnexal vasculature, including power Doppler measurements, cannot reliably distinguish women with pelvic congestion from controls. However, ultrasound may remain useful for diagnosis of pelvic congestion, predominantly because it is able to visualize multi-cystic ovaries in these patients.