Clinical characteristics associated with sentinel headache in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms

ObjectiveSentinel headache (SH) is considered as a signal of the impending rupture of an aneurysm. However, it is difficult to diagnose whether the headaches of patients are associated with unstable aneurysms. Therefore, there is some doubt about the importance of headaches in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). This study was performed to explore the existence and clinical characteristics of SH associated with aneurysms.MethodsThirty-six patients with a single UIA were collected in this study. Patients were symptomatically categorized into two groups: SH and non-SH. The PHASES scores and patient and aneurysm characteristics were analyzed. Two independent MRI experts who were blinded to the patients’ clinical history conducted the analysis of the SWI results.ResultsThere were 15 patients with sentinel headache. No significant difference was found in patient’s basic information and history. The SH group had a higher PHASES score than the non-SH group (P < 0.05). In univariable analysis, abnormal SWI signals were significantly more frequent in the SH group (P < 0.01) and the inflow angle was significantly lower in the non-SH group (P < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, abnormal signals in SWI were an independent factor associated with SH (P < 0.01).ConclusionsSH exists in patients with UIAs and may indicate a high risk of aneurysm rupture. Abnormal signals on SWI may serve as a clinical feature to identify aneurysm-related SH and be helpful for the formulation of therapeutic strategy. Aneurysm geometry may also be related to SH but need further studies in the future.     

颅内破裂动脉瘤电解可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞治疗时机的选择与疗效分析

目的 分析颅内破裂动脉瘤患者应用GDC栓塞治疗的时机选择与疗效的关系。方法 对130例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者应用GDC栓塞，根据破裂出血后至栓塞时间分组，分析栓塞程度、并发症及临床预后与手术时机之间的关系。结果 130例161枚动脉瘤均得到栓塞，超早期治疗疗效致密栓塞率为89．11％，早期治疗与延迟治疗（72h以上）分别为80．56％、75％，7．69％患者发生手术并发症，89．23％患者恢复满意。结论 尽早采用GDC栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤，栓塞满意，并发症少，为后续治疗创造条件，有利于患者的恢复。     

Ultra-small diameter coils for treatment of intracranial aneurysms

This study reports our initial clinical experience treating very small intracranial aneurysms using only Target® Nano™ coils.Retrospective angiographic and clinical analysis was performed on a non-randomized single arm registry of all intracranial aneurysms treated with only Target® Nano™ coils (1 mm and 1.5 mm diameter only) during a 12 month period at two academic hospitals.Fourteen patients with 14 intracranial aneurysms were treated. The maximum diameter of saccular aneurysms treated ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 mm; minimum aneurysm diameter was 1.1 to 2 mm. The immediate complete aneurysm occlusion rate was 86% (12/14), and a small residual within the aneurysm was seen in 14% (2/14) of cases.Packing density from coils ranged between 24% and 83% (mean 51%). The immediate complication rate was 0% (0/14). The angiographic/MR angiography follow-up period was 22 to 70 weeks (mean 37 weeks) with an overall complete occlusion rate of 9/11 (81%), recurrence in 18% (2/11), and lack of follow-up in three cases, two due to death during hospitalization and one procedure not yet due for imaging follow-up. Both patients who died presented with brain aneurysm ruptures prior to treatment. Both recurrences were retreated with repeat coiling procedures.Our initial results using only Target® Nano™ coils for the endovascular treatment of very small intracranial aneurysms have demonstrated initial good safety and efficacy profiles.     

Hypertension predisposes to the formation of saccular intracranial aneurysms in 467 unruptured and 1053 ruptured patients in Eastern Finland

Abstract

Objective. Hypertension associates with subarachnoid hemorrhage from saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA-SAH) when compared to matched controls or general population. Few series compare hypertension in unruptured sIA versus sIA-SAH, so its impact on the sIA disease remains uncertain.

Methods. Kuopio sIA Database (www.uef.fi/ns) contains all cases of unruptured and ruptured sIAs admitted to Kuopio University Hospital from its Eastern Finnish catchment population. We compared the age-adjusted incidence of drug-treated hypertension in 467 unruptured and 1053 ruptured sIA patients admitted to Kuopio University Hospital from 1995 to 2007, using the national registry of prescribed medicines.

Results. Antihypertensive medication was more frequent in the unruptured (73% versus 62%) with higher age-adjusted incidence. At sIA diagnosis, the sIA-SAH group had more often untreated hypertension (29% versus 23%). The size of unruptured sIAs increased with age at sIA diagnosis, independently of hypertension. Multiple sIAs, familial sIA, and sIA-SAH were not associated with hypertension in multivariate analysis. Results indicate that drug-treated hypertension associates with the formation of sIAs rather than their growth or rupture.

Conclusion. Hypertension is highly prevalent in the carriers of unruptured sIAs when compared to those with ruptured sIA. Hypertension may associate with the sIA formation, and may predispose to the rupture of sIA if untreated.     

128层螺旋CTA成像在颅内动脉瘤手术中的临床指导价值

目的探讨128层螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）在颅内动脉瘤术前诊断及术后评价中的作用。方法 53例患者均行128层螺旋CTA检查,根据多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）检查结果选择手术方式,并在术后行CTA复查。通过2次结果比较,评价动脉瘤夹闭或栓塞情况。结果 53例患者共检出64个动脉瘤,其中多发动脉瘤10例;术前MSCTA可清楚地显示动脉瘤位置、大小形态及与周围结构的关系;术后CTA显示动脉瘤夹的位置及数量、动脉瘤体残留情况和载瘤动脉与动脉夹之间的关系。结论 128层螺旋CTA在颅内动脉瘤术前诊断及术后随访中具有重要的临床指导价值。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂中期血管内治疗的围术期护理

目的探讨破裂性动脉瘤患者中期进行血管内栓塞治疗的围术期护理方法。方法对78例破裂性动脉瘤患者进行精心的术前、术后护理,重点关注Hunt-HessⅢ级以上患者,警惕颅内再出血,加强延迟性缺血性神经功能障碍(DIND)及术后并发症的防治与护理等。结果本组患者因术后并发症死亡6例,病死率7.6%;72例患者获3~96个月随访,8例DIND患者中有5例于术后6个月能生活自理,另3例为永久性偏瘫;栓塞术后动脉瘤均未再破裂。结论有效的围术期护理对破裂性动脉瘤患者的病情恢复及改善预后具有重要的意义。     

Improvement of chronic headache after treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, character, and outcome of headache in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms who had been treated to avoid the risk of rupture. BACKGROUND: There are a variety of clinical manifestations associated with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Among them, chronic headache is the most common presenting and/or accompanying symptom. METHODS: Among the 137 patients with unruptured aneurysms who had been treated, we collected 81 patients excluding 30 on the basis of inclusion criteria. Twenty-six patients were lost to follow-up. We collected data by medical record review and a telephone survey. Included in the information collected was the analysis of presenting symptom, location and size of each aneurysm, location, quality, intensity and duration of headaches, associated symptoms, triggering and alleviating factors, and precipitating events. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients (60.5%) of 81 had chronic headaches before the diagnosis of unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Forty-four patients (89.8%) answered that their headaches were improved slightly (12 patients) or markedly (32 patients) (P <.05). The clinical pattern of the headache worsened in only 1 patient and did not change in 4 patients. When the surgical group (40 patients) and the coil embolization group (41 patients) were compared, there was no significant difference observed in outcome (P >.05). CONCLUSION: Either by employing the technique of clipping or by coil embolization, treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms resulted in relief of headaches in majority of patients who had headaches pre-operatively.     

电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗破裂性颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨电解可脱性弹簧圈介入栓塞治疗急性破裂性颅内动脉瘤的并发症及其防治。方法 在数字减影全脑血管造影(DSA)监视下，经股动脉，采用电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗146例急性破裂性颅内动脉瘤患者。结果 成功栓塞达100％有136例(93％)，栓塞达90％以上9例(6％)，栓塞达90％以下1例(1％)。全组手术死亡4例(2．7％)；术中动脉瘤再破裂出血9例，载瘤动脉痉挛4例，GDC外逸4例，血栓形成2例，过度栓塞2例，术后并发壳核高血压脑出血2例，并发症发生率15．8％，成功率84．2％。结论 术者对颅内动脉瘤和载瘤动脉解剖关系的正确认识，栓塞技术的提高，术中、术后发生并发症的正确处理，栓塞材料的改进，这些是减少并发症及改善预后的关键。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的　探讨电解可脱性弹簧圈 (guglielmidetachablecoil,GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法及效果。方法　颅内动脉瘤共 11例 ,其中男 5例 ,女 6例 ,年龄 2 3～ 6 5岁。颈内动脉瘤 4例 ,后交通支动脉瘤 4例 ,前交通支动脉瘤 3例 ,动脉瘤直径最小为 4mm ,最大为 2 3mm ,所有患者均采用GDC材料进行栓塞。结果　 10 0 %栓塞 7例 ,90 %～ 99%栓塞 3例 ,70 %～ 90 %栓塞 1例 ,术后随访 1～ 12个月 ,无一例再出血。结论　血管内栓塞治疗动脉瘤是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗方法 ,使用GDC栓塞材料操作方便、手术并发症少。     

Efficacy of pipeline endovascular device and Willis stent graft in the treatment of traumatic pseudo intracranial aneurysms

ObjectiveTo investigate the advantages and effects of pipeline embolization device (PED) or Willis stent, in treating traumatic pseudoaneurysms. Traumatic pseudo intracranial aneurysms (TPIA) can be caused by either direct trauma or iatrogenic injuries, usually caused by direct arterial wall injury or shear due to acceleration. We describe a series of patients with TPIA who received a PED or Willis stent.Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis was performed on nine patients with TPIA admitted to the southern hospital of Southern Medical University from December 2017 to June 2019, of whom four were treated with PED and five were implanted with six Willis covered stents. The occlusive rate and complication in the two kinds of stents were compared by postoperative follow-up and modified rankin score (MRS).ResultsAfter the implantation of PED, four patients showed an immediate stagnation of blood flow or a decreased filling in aneurysms, three out of four patients exhibited complete occlusion, and the remaining patient had nearly complete occlusion. Four out of five cases of Willis stent implantation were associated with immediate complete occlusion of aneurysms, and the modified rankin score of these patients ranged from 0 to 1. One patient died of unassociated complications.ConclusionFor different types of TPIA in the internal carotid artery (ICA), PED and Willis stents provide significant advantages in treatment, with fewer postoperative complications and prognosis well.     

3D-DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊断与血管内栓塞治疗中的应用

目的探讨3D-DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊断和血管内栓塞治疗中的应用价值。方法采用DSA或3D-DSA脑血管造影检查疑似颅内动脉瘤患者32例,根据造影结果决定治疗方案。结果共发现28例33个颅内动脉瘤。其中20例颅内动脉瘤进行了血管内栓塞治疗。14例用可解脱铂金弹簧圈(GDC)行动脉瘤栓塞术,6例用可脱性球囊行颈内动脉闭塞术。结论3D-DSA极大提高了脑血管造影检查的准确性和可靠性,也为动脉瘤的栓塞治疗提供了可靠保障。具有准确、安全和操作方便的特点,有很高的临床实用价值。     

早期护理干预在未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者预防便秘中的应用研究

目的 探讨早期护理干预在末破裂颅内动脉瘤患者预防便秘中的作用.方法 干预组患者入院时接受护理评估,入院后进行健康教育、饮食干预,协助患者活动和按摩腹部,并进行排便训练、药物治疗、心理干预等帮助患者预防便秘,对照组则予一般护理.结果 干预组患者经早期护理干预,入院后首次排便间隔时间显著短于对照组,使用开塞露、果导等治疗措施的患者数量显著少于对照组.结论 早期护理干预可以有效预防未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者发生便秘,减少颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的发生,大大提高患者的生活质量和生存质量.     

颅内动脉瘤诊疗研究进展

颅内动脉瘤是动脉的异常扩张,是全世界范围内导致残疾和死亡的一个重要原因。动脉瘤的评价和治疗常常涉及多个医学学科。特别是复杂动脉瘤的诊断以及治疗方法的选择,极大关系着患者的预后。近几年国内外影像学检查、诊断方面新观点的提出以及放射介入治疗新材料新技术的应用,在颅内动脉瘤诊疗上不断取得令人满意的疗效,比如多种血流导向装置的广泛使用。本文主要介绍颅内动脉瘤诊断及治疗进展。     

颅内支架辅助栓塞宽颈动脉瘤初步经验

目的 探讨颅内宽颈动脉瘤新的血管内治疗技术,初步评价该技术和新栓塞材料的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾我们治疗中心近9个月内收治的11例宽颈动脉瘤病人的临床资料.对颅内Neuroform 支架辅助生物活性Matrix弹簧圈栓塞宽颈动脉瘤技术特点进行探讨,并通过对部分获得血管造影随访病人的疗效观察,评价该技术的临床应用价值.结果 联合颅内Neuroform支架和生物活性Matrix弹簧圈血管内治疗的11例宽颈动脉瘤病人中,除1例死于并发症外,其余病人均得到满意疗效,其中6例病人术后半年行数字减影血管成像(DSA)随访,未见动脉瘤复发,但仍需长期观察.结论 联合颅内支架和生物活性弹簧圈是一有效的血管内治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤技术,颅内支架理想的大小选择和恰当的植入位置是成功治疗的重要一环,生物活性Matrix弹簧圈栓入瘤腔后可有效促进血栓和结体组织形成.     

微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤

目的探讨微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析30例颅内动脉瘤在破裂出血后72小时内行微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗的临床资料。30例患者发病后均行CT检查,诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血,并经全脑血管造影证实为颅内动脉瘤,共检出34枚动脉瘤,其中单发26例,2枚4例。结果 34枚动脉瘤中,100%栓塞24枚,95%栓塞6枚,90%栓塞2枚,80%栓塞2枚。术后发生手术相关并发症6例,包括微弹簧圈脱出至载瘤动脉1例,术中动脉瘤破裂1例,严重脑血管痉挛2例,术后脑梗死2例。患者术后恢复良好25例;出现偏瘫4例,后经综合治疗后逐渐恢复;死亡1例,死亡原因:因口服抗血小板药并发消化道出血。随访1~6个月,无再出血病例发生。结论微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗是急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤的安全且有效的治疗方法;选择早期手术和及时术后处理对降低致残率、致死率有重要意义。     

球囊辅助瘤颈成型血管内治疗宽颈动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨球囊辅助技术在颅内宽颈动脉瘤栓塞治疗的应用体会.方法 采用球囊辅助技术对57例患者57个颅内宽颈动脉瘤进行栓塞治疗,观察其安全性、有效性及并发症情况.结果 49例达到完全致密填塞;8例因瘤颈非常宽大而使瘸颈部未能致密填塞;7例术中发生动脉瘤破裂;4例出现术后一过性肢体运动障碍;无死亡病例.术后36例患者进行3个月至4年随访,平均随访时间16.9个月.经数字减影血管造影(DSA)复查,8例动脉瘤瘤颈复发,载瘤动脉通畅.结论 球囊辅助技术是处理颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效的方法.     

Predictors of success following endovascular retreatment of intracranial aneurysms

Introduction

Although approximately one in every 10 patients undergoing coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms requires retreatment, the factors that are associated with outcome following retreatment remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods

This is a single-center, retrospective review of 43 patients with 58 intracranial aneurysms that were retreated from 2004 to 2014. Aneurysms undergoing first time or microsurgical retreatment were excluded. Retreatment types were grouped into those without permanent parent vessel support (stand-alone and balloon-assisted coiling) versus those with permanent parent vessel support (stent-assisted coiling, stand-alone stenting, and flow diversion). The Modified Raymond Roy Classification was used to group aneurysms at all angiographic follow-up points either in the successful outcome group (Class I or II) or the unsuccessful outcome group (Class IIIa or IIIb).

Results

Of aneurysms with follow-up, 50% were in the successful group and 50% in the unsuccessful group. In univariate analysis, small aneurysm size (p < 0.001), previous treatment type (p = 0.022), retreatment type (p = 0.001), and initial occlusion class (p = 0.005) were all associated with angiographic outcome. In multivariate analysis, small aneurysm size (p = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) 24.56, confidence interval (CI) 2.68–225.4) and retreatment type with permanent parent vessel support, namely stent-assisted coiling (p = 0.017, OR 31.1, CI 1.89–517.7), were associated with retreatment success.

Conclusions

Small aneurysm size and retreatment with permanent parent vessel support, namely stent-assisted coiling, are predictors of success following endovascular retreatment of intracranial aneurysms. These findings could be useful in the effort to both prevent and predict treatment failure following endovascular retreatment.     

Direct carotid exposure approach in the treatment of anterior circulation unruptured intracranial aneurysms for elderly patients

Background and purposeThe direct carotid exposure approach (DCEA) is a technical option for elderly patients with severe vessel tortuosity due to arteriosclerosis. We evaluated complications related to antiplatelet/anticoagulant management and compared the DCEA to standard transfemoral/transbrachial approaches (TFBA) in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms for elderly patients.MethodsFrom August 2017 to August 2020, 52 patients (53 procedures) aged over 75 years with unruptured aneurysms in the anterior circulation were treated at our institution. All patients received dual antiplatelet drugs before the procedure. Eleven patients (21.2%) (12 procedures) were treated with the DCEA. The rest were treated with TFBA. The main indication of the DCEA was an unfavorable aortic arch or vessel tortuosity. Complications and the duration of the procedure were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in age, aneurysm location, preoperative antiplatelet use, heparin use, or maximum activated clotting time (ACT) values. All endovascular treatments were successfully performed by DCEA. Among all parameters, the DCEA group had only bigger average aneurysm diameter (14 mm) and higher number of pipeline embolic device (PED) placement (58%). Time to the guiding-catheter placement was not significantly different between the groups (DCEA vs TFBA = 31.0 min vs 24.7 min, p = 0.178).　No significant complications of DCEA, such as subcutaneous hematomas, were observed.　ConclusionEven with the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy, the DCEA can be performed safely for unruptured aneurysms in elderly patients.     

搭桥血管重建技术在颅内复杂动脉瘤手术中应用的护理

目的 探讨搭桥血管重建技术在颅内复杂动脉瘤手术治疗中的护理对策.方法 对16例颅内复杂动脉瘤经血管搭桥、血管重建手术,采用动脉瘤孤立加大隐静脉高流量搭桥的方式处理动脉瘤.对动脉瘤手术术前充分准备、术中熟练配合,并提高应对紧急情况的有效处理能力,以提高手术配合质量.结果 16例行大隐静脉高流量血管搭桥术的病人,术中应用有效的护理对策,均达到满意的护理结果.结论 搭桥血管重建手术,手术时间长、配合质量要求高.所以要求护士要有对一般动脉瘤手术配合熟练的基础、术前充分有效的准备、对于术中出现出血等突发情况,能快速、有效地采取相应的护理应急对策,使病人在手术期间获得满意的护理效果.     

血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的：评价血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的技术方法及临床疗效。方法：应用血管内介入治疗技术对29例椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者进行治疗,回顾性分析临床资料、血管内治疗方法以及临床疗效。结果：29例患者中有19例直接闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,5例行支架置入,5例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞。术后21例患者接受随访,随访时间为3～24个月,平均8个月。其中14例闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉患者复查示动脉瘤未显影,3例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞患者中1例复发,2例单支架置入患者复查示1例动脉瘤完全消失而另1例仍有动脉瘤残留,2例双支架置入患者复查示1例动脉瘤完全消失,另1例动脉瘤缩小。结论：将载瘤动脉连同动脉瘤完全闭塞是血管内治疗以破裂出血起病的椎动脉夹层动脉瘤最有效的方法。如果动脉瘤位于优势椎动脉,或动脉瘤体累及小脑后下动脉,使用支架置入技术是可供的选择。