HPLC法测定管花肉苁蓉中松果菊苷和麦角甾苷的含量

目的：建立同时测定管花肉苁蓉药材及提取物中松果菊苷和麦角甾苷含量的HPLC法。方法：采用Hypersil ODS C18（200mm×4．6mm,5μm）色谱柱,甲醇-乙腈-1％醋酸溶液（15：10：75）为流动相,流速为0．8ml·min^-1,检测波长为334nm,柱温为30℃。结果：松果菊苷和麦角甾苷线性范围分别在3．65—234．00μg·ml^-1（r=0．9999）和2．74～175．20μg·ml^-1（r=0．9999）浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为95．7％,95．8％,RSD分别为1．8％,2．7％（n=9）。结论：方法简便,精密度、重复性良好,结果准确可靠,可用于工业生产肉苁蓉药材、饮片及其制剂的含量测定。     

藏药短管兔耳草中松果菊苷和麦角甾苷的含量测定

目的:建立RP-HPLC法同时测定松果菊苷和麦角甾苷的含量。方法:采用ZORXDB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.1%醋酸水溶液(3∶7),流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长330 nm,柱温25℃,进样量20μL。结果:本方法可在25 min内完成松果菊苷和麦角甾苷2个成分的色谱分析,且两成分色谱峰之间具有良好的分离度,线性范围分别为25～400μg.mL-1(r=0.9996)和19.4～310μg.mL-1(r=0.9985),平均加样回收率(n=9)分别为99.8%和97.8%。结论:以松果菊苷和麦角甾苷为目标成分时,青海省海北州热水地区为短管兔耳草的最佳采收地。该方法灵敏度高、准确、简便、快速,可用于短管兔耳草的质量控制。     

不同季节采收的肉苁蓉中4种苯乙醇苷的含量比较研究北大核心CSCD

目的:建立RP-HPLC同时测定肉苁蓉中松果菊苷、肉苁蓉苷A、毛蕊花糖苷和2’-乙酰基毛蕊花糖苷含量的方法,并比较不同季节采收的肉苁蓉中4种成分的含量差异。方法:采用Agilent XDB-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,柱温30℃,流动相为甲醇(A)-0.1%甲酸(B),梯度洗脱(0 min,30%A;30 min,40%A;35 min,30%A;40 min,30%A),流速1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测波长330 nm。结果:在上述色谱条件下,松果菊苷、肉苁蓉苷A、毛蕊花糖苷和2’-乙酰基毛蕊花糖苷获得良好分离;进样浓度分别在20.4~816μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.999 9)、4.60~184μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.999 9)、26.0~1 040μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.999 9)、10.4~416μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.999 9)范围内呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为98.8%、97.4%、101.2%和99.0%;精密度试验的RSD(n=6)不大于0.24%;重复性试验的RSD(n=6)不大于2.27%。秋季采收的肉苁蓉中松果菊苷和肉苁蓉苷A含量较高,分别为1.036%~4.400%和0.213%~0.834%,12批样品中4个指标成分总含量为1.259%~5.65%。春季采收的肉苁蓉中4个指标成分中2’-乙酰基毛蕊花糖苷和松果菊苷含量较高,分别为0.512%~2.384%、0.11%~0.804%,12批样品中4个指标成分总含量为0.551%~3.121%。结论:该方法简便、准确,重复性好,不同季节采收的肉苁蓉中4种成分含量差异明显,可为肉苁蓉的质量控制提供实验依据。     

通便灵胶囊中松果菊苷的含量测定及质量情况分析

目的：建立通便灵胶囊中肉苁蓉有效成分松果菊苷的含量测定方法,了解通便灵胶囊的整体质量情况,保障公众用药安全有效。方法：采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定松果菊苷的含量,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长为340 nm。结果：松果菊苷在2.867～286.742 μg/mL 之间呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),回收率为102.1%,RSD为0.8%。通过对45批次通便灵胶囊的松果菊苷含量测定,发现各批次之间质量状况存在差异,提示部分生产厂家存在少投或用劣质药材(饮片)投料的现象。结论：该方法操作简便、结果准确,为通便灵胶囊的全面质量控制提供了科学依据。     

HPLC同时测定左归丸中的5种成分

目的 采用HPLC法同时测定左归丸中尿囊素、薯蓣皂苷元、梓醇、麦角甾苷和吉奥诺苷B1的含量.方法 采用依利特C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.2％磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流速1.3 mL· min-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为224(尿囊素)、210(薯蓣皂苷元和梓醇)和330(麦角甾苷和吉奥诺苷B1)nm.结果 尿囊素、薯蓣皂苷元、梓醇、麦角甾苷和吉奥诺苷B1的线性范围分别为7.270～145.4μg·mL-1(r=0.9999)、5.150～103.0 μg·mL-1(r=0.9992)、5.730～114.6 μg·mL-1(r =0.9998)、6.740 ～134.8 μg·mL-1(r =0.9995)和5.100～102.0 μg·mL-1(r =0.9997);其平均加样回收率分别为98.37％、96.92％、99.11％、96.65％、98.31％,RSD分别为0.89％、1.28％、1.10％、0.57％、1.34％(n=6).结论 所用方法简便快捷、回收率好、重复性好,可用于左归丸中尿囊素、薯蓣皂苷元、梓醇、麦角甾苷和吉奥诺苷B1的含量测定.     

RP-HPLC法测定肉苁蓉总苷胶囊中松果菊苷的含量

采用 RP- HPLC法测定肉苁蓉总苷胶囊中松果菊苷含量。固定相为十八烷基键合硅胶柱 ;流动相为乙腈 -1.5 %乙酸溶液 ,其中乙腈浓度 11.5 %→ 2 0 % ,0～ 2 5 min线性梯度洗脱 ;检测波长为 335 nm。该方法线性范围为 0 .5～ 2 .5 μg(r =0 .9999) ,平均回收率为 99.85 % ,RSD =1.6 0 % (n =9)。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定槐角丸中柚皮苷和黄芩苷的含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC法同时测定槐角丸中柚皮苷和黄芩苷含量的方法.方法:色谱柱:ZORBAX SB-C18柱,流动相:甲醇-1％冰醋酸(37.5:62.5);检测波长280nm;柱温:35℃.结果:柚皮苷、黄芩苷进样量分别在0.1012 ～ 0.7591μg(r=0.99999)、0.2050～1.5378μg(r=0.99999)范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为97.0％、96.4％,RSD分别为0.62％、0.66％.结论:该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于槐角丸中柚皮苷、黄芩苷的含量测定.     

HPLC法检测脑心通片中芍药苷含量

目的 建立测定脑心通片中芍药苷含量的HPLC法.方法 采用VP-ODS C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-水-冰醋酸(75:425:0.4);检测波长为230 nm.结果 芍药苷在10.04～80.32 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 4),平均回收率为98.95%,R...     

高效液相色谱法测定山丹酮缓释片中牡荆苷和金丝桃苷的含量

建立高效液相色谱法测定山丹酮缓释片中牡荆苷和金丝桃苷的含量.色谱柱Lichrospher C18(5μm, 250mm×4.6mm), 流动相:甲醇-水-冰醋酸(50∶50∶1);检测波长:340 nm;牡荆苷和金丝桃苷的线性范围分别为:0.73～3.66μg(r=0.9999)和0.63～3.16μg (r=0.9998);平均回收率分别为:100.03%,RSD=1.17% (n=5)和99.81%,RSD=0.36%(n=5).本法操作简单,快速,准确,可行.     

HPLC-PAD法同时测定精制银翘解毒胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、绿原酸、连翘苷和牛蒡苷的含量

目的:采用HPLC-PAD法同时测定精制银翘解毒胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、绿原酸、连翘苷和牛蒡苷的含量.方法:色谱柱:Capcell Pak C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-水(含0.25％的冰醋酸)梯度洗脱;检测波长:300 nm和228 nm;流速:1mL· min-1;柱温:30C.结果:对乙酰氨基酚测定的线性范围28.15～84.45 μg (r=0.9999),平均含量为235.06 mg·g-1,RSD为0.17％;绿原酸测定的线性范围0.2048～0.6144 μg (r=0.9998),平均含量为1.91 mg·g-1,RSD为0.21％;连翘苷测定的线性范围0.1054～0.3162μg (r=0.9994),平均含量为1.00 mg·g-1,RSD为0.32％;牛蒡苷测定的线性范围1.044～3.132 μg (r=0.9998),平均含量为7.04 mg·g-1,RSD为0.16％.结论:该法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于精制银翘解毒胶囊的质量控制.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Acamprosate and naltrexone treatment effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and intake in ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats

Rationale  Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings in animals and humans. Objectives  The present experiments utilized a “reinforcer blocking” approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment) to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats. Materials and methods  In “nondependent” experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For “dependent” experiments, rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers. Results  Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone had response-attenuating effects in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats. Conclusions  The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in nondependent rats. The “nondependent” paradigm may model early stages of “problem drinking” in humans, and the findings suggest that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and sleep

Summary The effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg on cognitive and psychomotor skills were assessed in twelve normal volunteer subjects in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Single and multiple dose effects were monitored using a battery of tests comprising critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), choice reaction time (CRT), simulated car tracking, and subjective ratings of perceived sedation (LARS) and of sleep behaviour (LSEQ). Compared with placebo baseline scores, treatment with lorazepam 2 mg (both single and multiple doses) resulted in a widespread impairment of CRT, tracking accuracy, and CFFT. Single doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced CFFT with respect to the placebo baseline. Single and multiple dose treatment with both drugs resulted in subjective reports of sedation, a reduction of sleep onset latency, and improved sleep quality. Only lorazepam 2 mg significantly disrupted the integrity of behaviour on waking from sleep. These results suggest important pharmacodynamic differences between the two drugs in the doses used.