武警新兵交往焦虑状况调查

目的:调查某部武警新兵交往焦虑状况。方法:采用交往焦虑量表(IAS),测评981名新兵的交往焦虑水平并对其项目进行分析。结果:新兵的交往焦虑均分为42.93±7.35。新兵中初中生的交往焦虑的程度要高于高中生。分别有37.5%、39.3%的战士与陌生的人、权威人士谈话时感到紧张和不自在。有85.5%.的战士在社交场合感到信心不足。结论:武警新兵交往焦虑水平偏高,其主要体现在与陌生人、上级交往以及信心不足方面。     

武警新兵新训前后心理健康状况的对比研究

目的 进一步探讨武警新兵经过集训,心理健康状况的变化规律及特点.方法 采取分组随机抽样的方法,对1695名新兵在入伍后1个星期进行心理测试,筛查出正常组和异常组,从正常蛆随机抽取76名、从异常组随机抽取64名,共140名作为研究对象.2个月后新兵下连前一个星期,再用SCL-90、SAS、SDS测1次,进行前后对照.结果 武警新兵经过新训,正常组心理健康状况明显下降,有29.6%的战士出现心理症状,20.5%的战士焦虑水平超过正常,14.9%的战士抑郁状况亟待关注;异常组前后变化不明显,不具统计学意义.结论 入伍后心理普查为正常的需要得到关注、普查为异常的仍需得到继续关注,同时,部队各级领导要积极分析原因、改善环境,减少集训作为一种应激对战士的负面影响.     

孕妇的焦虑抑郁情绪对照研究

怀孕是自然的生理过程,但也会出现心理和情绪变化。有作者报道焦虑和抑郁是孕妇在妊娠期间常见的症状或寻求心理咨询的主要原因[1-3]。Ａｆｆｏｎｓｏ等人报道孕妇在妊娠期间最常见的情绪有发怒、紧张担心、病理性焦虑。大约50%的孕妇有抑郁症状[4]。国内报道11%孕妇产前有焦虑或抑郁症状[5]。本文通过对照研究,了解孕妇在妊娠期的焦虑和抑郁情绪状态,报道如下。1　资料和方法1.1　对象　　随机选择1999年7月～8月间到中山医科大学附属第三院妇产科门诊就诊的孕妇,均为初孕妇。共52人。年龄20～37岁,平均27.96±3.04岁;大专以上教育程度26人…     

催眠疗法对广泛性焦虑的临床疗效对照研究

目的：比较催眠疗法与阿普唑伦治疗广泛性焦虑的临床疗效。方法：对62例广泛性焦虑患者随机分为实验组（N=32）和对照绀（N=30），实验组单纯采用每周两次门诊催眠治疗，每次治疗30-40分钟；对照组采用单纯的阿普唑伦0．8mg／次，每日两次口服治疗，并每周看两次门诊。两组病人于治疗前及治疗后2周末、4周术分别进行汉米尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评定。结果：实验组临床有效率为25／32，与对照组的临床有效率26／30疗效相当（X^2=0．43，P〉0，05），实验组和对照组临床缓解率分别为3／32、3／30，差异尢统计学意义。结论：催眠疗法治疗广泛性焦虑疗效肯定，病人易于接受。     

武警新兵人格、心境、焦虑与心理健康的相关分析

目的:探讨新兵人格、心境、焦虑和心理健康之间的关系,为心理干预提供科学依据。方法:采用整群抽样法,利用大五人格问卷(GBFS)、心境状态量表(POMS)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)和一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)对武警某部421名新兵进行问卷调查。结果:大五人格中道德感、开放性、利他性和适应性4个维度和普通大学生存在显著差异;心境状态中紧张、抑郁、疲劳和自尊感4个维度及情绪纷乱总分均显著高于常模组,而愤怒维度低于常模组;状态焦虑显著高于常模组;GHQ-12总分与大五人格中适应性维度呈显著性正相关,而与其它维度呈显著性负相关;GHQ-12总分与心境状态中消极性情绪维度呈显著性正相关,与积极性情绪维度呈显著性负相关;GHQ-12总分与状态-特质焦虑呈显著性正相关。心境和状态焦虑共同可解释心理健康31.7%的变异。结论:在入营初期,武警新兵心理健康水平状况总体较好,心理健康受到人格、心境、焦虑等因素的综合影响,其中保持良好情绪和适度焦虑是维持心理健康的关键因素。     

抑郁和焦虑病人应激强度的对照研究

抑郁和焦虑病人应激强度的对照研究王晓平王群松季建林齐齐哈尔铁路专科医院上海医科大学医学心理学教研室应激是指当环境刺激威胁到一个人的重要需求和其应对能力时，个体所产生的一类特殊心理生理反应。一定强度的应激事件不仅会使人的情绪产生波动，而且可以致病［１］...     

精神科住院病人强制性戒烟前后焦虑、抑郁症状对照研究

目的　了解精神科住院病人强制性戒烟前后精神状况的变化。方法　对强制性戒烟病人戒烟前、后用汉密顿焦虑、抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、BPRS量表测评。结果　强制性戒烟后焦虑抑郁症状 BPRS评分明显高于戒烟前( P<0 .0 1 )。结论　强制性戒烟可引起病人明显的情绪反应 ,应适宜控制病人吸烟 ,建立一个合理的管理制度     

医院感染患者抑郁、焦虑现状的病例对照研究

医院感染的发生是医疗质量管理的重要内容之一。本文探讨住院患者发生院内感染后产生的焦虑和抑郁症状。1对象和方法     

丁螺环酮治疗伴焦虑症状的抑郁症的双盲对照研究

目的　比较丁螺环酮与丙咪嗪治疗伴焦虑症状的抑郁症的疗效、副反应。方法　符合 CCMD-2 -R抑郁症的诊断标准并且汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分 >2 0分的住院病人 54例 ,随机分为 2组 ,完成 6周的治疗观察 ,于治疗前及治疗后 2、4、6周末用汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和不良反应症状量表评定疗效及副作用。结果　丁螺环酮治疗抑郁症状的疗效与丙咪嗪相似 ,治疗焦虑症状的疗效优于丙咪嗪 ,两组副反应无明显差异。结论　对于伴焦虑症状的抑郁症病人 ,丁螺环酮应成为首选药物     

新兵焦虑、抑郁情绪测查及影响因素分析

目的：探讨新兵焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生情况及其影响因素，为新兵训练过程中的心理学干预提供依据。方法：应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及自编24项背景因素调查表，对1700名男性新兵进行心理测试。结果：①1642名新兵中轻度焦虑133人（8．1％），中重度焦虑30人（1．8％）；轻度抑郁233人（14.2％），中重度抑郁83人（5．2％）。②SAS，SDS评分显示：非独生子女焦虑和抑郁的阳性率和严重程度明显高于独生子女（P〈0．05）。③SAS，SDS评分还与人际关系适应程度、是否独生子女、休息情况、与家人通讯是否良好、是否单亲家庭及受表扬情况等6项因素显著相关。结论：新兵中存在焦虑和抑郁症状者约占9．9％及19．4％，非独生子女焦虑和抑郁的严重程度高于独生子女。     

巴洛克音乐对全子宫切除术患者围术期焦虑情绪及应激的影响

目的 探讨巴洛克音乐对焦虑患者围术期焦虑情绪及应激反应的影响。方法 选取2015年6月~2017年6月气管插管全麻下行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的患者40例。随机分为A组和B组,各20例。A组患者常规麻醉,B组在自抽血后（T1）开始全程聆听巴洛克音乐直至拔管结束。聆听音乐后15 min后（T2）行麻醉诱导。比较两组患者T1、T2、拔管后（T3）的血流动力学、焦虑评分,抽血检测血液去甲肾上腺素（NE）浓度;记录患者术后1 h VAS评分及吗啡用量。结果 两组患者手术时间及麻醉时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;B组T2、T3时患者MAP、心率及血浆NE水平低于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,B组患者的焦虑评分低于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组患者清醒后1 h VAS评分高于B组,吗啡用量高于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 聆听巴洛克音乐可以减轻患者围术期焦虑情绪,其通过减少去甲肾上腺素的分泌来减少应激使患者情绪放松,血流动力学稳定。     

焦虑、抑郁与女性压力性尿失禁的相关性

目的 研究焦虑、抑郁状态对女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）严重程度的影响及其相关性。方法 选择2012年1月~2018年6月于我院妇科、泌尿外科就诊的具有完整临床资料的106例女性SUI患者,根据SUI严重程度分为轻度（41例）、中度（36例）和重度组（29例）,采用综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）对患者焦虑、抑郁状态进行评估,比较三组焦虑、抑郁状态及其与SUI严重程度的相关性。结果 轻、中、重度组SUI焦虑（HADS≥8分）的患病率分别为7.32%、36.11%和68.97%,抑郁（HADS≥8）的患病率分别为9.76%、38.89%和72.41%,中、重度组比轻度组焦虑、抑郁的患病率增加（P＜0.05）。焦虑、抑郁状态与SUI的严重程度呈正相关（r=0.271和0.293,P＜0.05）。结论 焦虑、抑郁状态对女性压力性尿失禁的严重程度有明显影响,其可能通过共同的生物学通路影响女性压力性尿失禁的发病过程。     

神经症患者压力反应与应激有关因素关系的对照研究

目的：研究生活事件、应对方式、社会支持等应激有关因素与神经症患者压力反应的关系。方法：使用生活事件量表、特质应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表和压力反应问卷对88例神经症患者和100例健康人群作调查和分析。结果：神经症组的心理反应、躯体反应、社会行为反应、家庭事件和消极应对分高于健康组（P〈0．01）．家庭外支持和积极应对分低于健康组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。多元逐步回归分析显示，神经症组进入方程的是消极应对和社交事件（R^2=31．9）；健康组进入方程的是消极应对和家庭事件（R^2=40．6）。路径分析也表明类似的结果。结论：神经症患者在心理应激有关因素方面大多差于健康人群；神经症患者压力反应与消极应对和社交事件关系较大．而健康人群压力反应与消极应对和家庭事件关系较大；神经症患者的压力反应受本研究范围内各应激有关因素的影响相对较小。     

Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 in older primary care patients

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was designed to efficiently measure the core symptoms of anxiety and depression and has demonstrated positive psychometric properties in adult samples of anxiety and depression patients and student samples. Despite these findings, the psychometric properties of the DASS remain untested in older adults, for whom the identification of efficient measures of these constructs is especially important. To determine the psychometric properties of the DASS 21-item version in older adults, we analyzed data from 222 medical patients seeking treatment to manage worry. Consistent with younger samples, a three-factor structure best fit the data. Results also indicated good internal consistency, excellent convergent validity, and good discriminative validity, especially for the Depression scale. Receiver operating curve analyses indicated that the DASS-21 predicted the diagnostic presence of generalized anxiety disorder and depression as well as other commonly used measures. These data suggest that the DASS may be used with older adults in lieu of multiple scales designed to measure similar constructs, thereby reducing participant burden and facilitating assessment in settings with limited assessment resources.     

Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale for Assessing Work-related Stress and Anxiety in Healthcare Workers in Response to Viral Epidemics

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has had a major psychological impact on healthcare workers. However, very few scales are available to specifically assess work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers responding to a viral epidemic. This study developed a new assessment tool, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) and aimed to validate it among healthcare workers directly affected by COVID-19 in Korea.MethodsA total of 1,019 healthcare workers responded through anonymous questionnaires during April 20–30, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore the construct validity, and the reliability was assessed using internal consistency measures of Cronbach''s alpha coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to define the most appropriate cut-off point of SAVE-9 using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7; ≥ 5). Second, Spearman''s rank correlation coefficient was used to establish convergent validity for the SAVE-9 questionnaire with GAD-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.ResultsThe nine-item scale had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach''s α = 0.795). It adopted a two-factor structure: 1) anxiety regarding viral epidemics and 2) work-related stress associated with viral epidemics. A cut-off score of 22 for the SAVE-9 ascertained levels of stress and anxiety in response to a viral epidemic in healthcare workers that warranted clinical attention. Correlations between the SAVE-9 and the other scales were statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results suggest that the SAVE-9 is a useful, reliable, and valid tool to evaluate stress and anxiety responses in healthcare workers during viral epidemics.     

Validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in assessing depression and anxiety following traumatic brain injury

Background

Anxiety and depression following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with poorer outcomes. A brief self-report questionnaire would assist in identifying those at risk, however validity of such measures is complicated by confounding symptoms of the injury. This study investigated the validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), in screening for clinical diagnoses of anxiety and mood disorders following TBI.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-three participants with mild to severe TBI were interviewed using the SCID (Axis I) and completed the DASS and HADS.

Results

The DASS, DASS21 and HADS scales demonstrated validity compared with SCID diagnoses of anxiety and mood disorders as measured by Area Under ROC Curve, sensitivity and specificity. Validity of the DASS depression scale benefited from items reflecting symptoms of devaluation of life, self-deprecation, and hopelessness that are not present on the HADS. Validity of the HADS anxiety scale benefited from items reflecting symptoms of tension and worry that are measured separately for the DASS on the stress scale.

Limitations

Participants were predominantly drawn from a rehabilitation centre which may limit the extent to which results can be generalized. Scores for the DASS21 were derived from the DASS rather than being administered separately.

Conclusions

The DASS, DASS21 and HADS demonstrated validity as screening measures of anxiety and mood disorders in this TBI sample. The findings support use of these self-report questionnaires for individuals with TBI to identify those who should be referred for clinical diagnostic follow-up.     

时间管理倾向对大学生压力与焦虑关系的调节作用

目的:考察时间管理倾向对大学生压力与焦虑关系的调节作用.方法:采用大学生压力量表(SSCS)、青少年时间管理倾向量表(ATMDI)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对大学生进行调查,收回685份有效问卷.结果:青少年时间管理倾向总分及三个分量表均与焦虑呈显著负相关;时间管理倾向总分、时间监控感和时间效能感在大学生压力与焦虑之间起调节作用;时间管理倾向在大学生个人烦扰、学习烦扰与焦虑之间起调节作用.结论:时间管理倾向在大学生压力与焦虑之间起调节作用.     

Effect of Maternal Anxiety on Parenting Stress of Fathers of Children With ADHD

BackgroundHyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increase parenting stress and familial conflict. Among parent-related factors, maternal mental health has been studied in-depth, but studies on paternal factors in this context are scarce. This cross-sectional study was conducted of children with ADHD and their parents in South Korea. We investigated the relationships between ADHD symptom severity of children and the mental health of their mothers and fathers.MethodsThe study included 70 children with ADHD and their 140 married heterosexual parents (70 fathers and 70 mothers). Children completed the Child Depression Inventory and State-Anxiety Inventory for children, and their parents completed the Korean ADHD rating scale-IV, Adult ADHD self-report scale, State-Anxiety Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Parental Stress Scale.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between children’s ADHD symptoms and maternal anxiety symptom severity, whereby more severe ADHD symptoms were associated with more severe maternal anxiety symptoms. There was also a significant positive correlation between maternal anxiety symptom severity and paternal parenting stress severity, whereby more severe maternal anxiety was associated with more severe paternal parenting stress. A mediation model showed that paternal parenting stress severity was not directly related to children’s ADHD symptoms, but the severity of maternal anxiety mediated this relationship.ConclusionThe present study found the importance of mental health in mothers of children with ADHD and the interrelatedness of mental health within families. Future assessments and treatment of children with ADHD should include both the children and their parents.     

人格特质、家庭环境、应激状态与大学新生焦虑的关系

目的:建构大学新生焦虑水平与人格、家庭环境以及应激的关系模型。方法:对1301名大学新生施测状态-特质焦虑问卷、艾森克人格问卷、家庭环境量表、生活事件量表和抑郁-焦虑-压力量表。结果:①人格特质、家庭背景和应激状态显著影响大学新生的焦虑水平;②人格直接影响大学新生的特质焦虑,并通过调节应激状态间接影响状态焦虑;③应激状态直接影响状态焦虑,家庭环境作为背景因素对特质和状态焦虑产生间接的影响;④状态焦虑和特质焦虑间存在共变关系。结论:人格特质、家庭背景和应激状态均能影响大学新生的焦虑水平,但各因素的作用机制存在差异。     

The Sleep of Skydivers: A Study of Stress

In this paper we report the results of a study in which we were able to assess the effects of a demonstrably stressful event—a sport parachute jump—on EEG recorded sleep. The sleep of 9 novice (one previous jump) and of 9 experienced (41 or more previous jumps) sport parachutists was monitored throughout the night for 4 nights prior to and for 1 night following the day during which a parachute jump had been scheduled to occur. A control group of sport parachutists who agreed not to make a jump during the course of their participation in the study were similarly seen for 5 consecutive nights. The results indicate that the execution, and to a lesser extent the anticipation, of the jump was stressful, especially for the novice group. However, the stressor induced only negligible changes in the sleep variables assessed. It is possible that there are critical differences in the effects on sleep of voluntarily imposed stresses and those which are commonly experienced in everyday life.