A retrospective study of enteral nutrition on immune and inflammatory factors after liver cancer surgery

This retrospective study aimed to explore the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on immune and inflammatory factors after liver cancer surgery (LCS).It was retrospectively conducted on enrolled LCS patients between January 2017 and May 2020. The medical records of 528 patient case records were collected and reviewed. After selection, a total of 80 eligible patient case records were finally included. All those patients received routine diet, and they were allocated to a treatment group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40). In addition, patients in the treatment group also received EN. The primary outcomes were immune factors (CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺) and inflammatory factors (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α). The secondary outcomes were postoperative hospital stay (day), time to first bowel sounds (hour), time to first flatus (day), time to first defecation (day), and complications.There were not significant differences in CD4⁺/CD8⁺ (P = .34), postoperative hospital stay (P = .39), and time to first bowel sounds (P = .17) between 2 groups. However, there were significant differences in CD4⁺ (P < .01), CD8⁺ (P < .01), interleukin-1 (P < .01), interleukin-6 (P < .01), tumor necrosis factor-α (P < .01), time to first flatus (P < .01), and time to first defecation (P < .01) between 2 groups. As for complications, there were not significant differences between 2 groups (P > .05).The results of this study found that EN may benefit for patients after LCS during the recovery period. Future high quality prospective studies are needed to warrant the present conclusion.     

Efficiency of the home cardiac rehabilitation program for adults with complex congenital heart disease

Objective: We aimed to study the efficiency and safety of once‐a‐week outpatient rehabilitation followed by home program with tele‐monitoring in patients with com‐ plex cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Design: Prospective nonrandomized study.
Method: Patients who have been diagnosed either Eisenmenger’s syndrome or inop‐ erable complex cyanotic heart disease and able to attend 12‐week cardiac rehabilita‐ tion program were included. Training with treadmill walking and bicycling under supervision at cardiac rehabilitation unit once‐a‐week in the first 6 weeks followed by home‐based exercise program (bicycle and walking) with a target at 40%‐70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) at pretraining peak exercise for another 6 weeks was performed in the intervention group. Video and telephone calls were scheduled for evaluation of compliance and complication. Data from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on cycle ergometry including peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2), oxygen pulse (O2 pulse), ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/CO2 at an‐ aerobic threshold), constant work‐rate endurance time (CWRET) at 75% of peak VO2, and 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD) were compared between baseline and after training by paired t test.
Result: Of the 400 patients in our adult congenital heart disease clinic, 60 patients met the inclusion criteria. Eleven patients who could follow program regularly were assigned home program. There was a statistically significant improvement of CWRET, O₂ pulse, and 6MWD after finishing the program (P = .003, .039, and .001, respec‐ tively). The mean difference of 6MWD change in the home‐program group was sig‐ nificantly higher than in the control group (69.3 ± 47.9 meters vs. 4.1 ± 43.4 meters, P = .003). No serious adverse outcomes were reported during home training.
Conclusion: Once‐a‐week outpatient hospital‐based exercise program followed by supervised home‐based exercise program showed a significant benefit in improve‐ ment of exercise capacity in adults with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease without serious adverse outcomes.     

Echocardiographic segmental approach to complex congenital heart disease in the neonate

A segmental echocardiographic approach to complex congenital heart disease in the neonate allows accurate and precise assessment of intracardiac, as well as extracardiac, anomalies. Determination of abnormalities of atrial and visceral situs, as well as the cardiac situs, provides a fundamental background for the echocardiographic examination. Subsequently, a segmental approach allows precise determination of abnormalities of atrioventricular and ventricular great artery connections. Recent echocardiographic advances including high-frequency (7.5 and 10 MHz) and color flow imaging capabilities have dramatically improved our ability to accurately define abnormalities of anatomy and connection in the neonate. These advances now have expanded our previous echocardiographic criteria and allow application of the echocardiographic segmental approach to characterize complex congenital heart disease in the neonate.     

安立生坦在先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压中的治疗效果

目的:评估安立生坦在先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压中的治疗效果。方法:我们选取2013年2月~12月70例先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压的患者。随机分为试药组(n=35)和对照组(n=35)。试药组给予安立生坦+常规治疗,对照组仅给予常规治疗。12周后患者门诊随访,评估心功能状况、行心脏彩超评估肺动脉压力,并化验检测肝肾功能指标。结果:试药组[(38±5)mm Hg vs.(50±6)mm Hg,P0.05]和对照组[(41±6)mm Hg vs.(47±7)mm Hg,P0.05]患者术后12周肺动脉压力较术后第3天均明显降低,尽管如此,试药组肺动脉压力降低幅度明显大于对照组[(12±4)mm Hg vs.(6±3)mm Hg,P0.05]。试药组患者中30例(86%)心功能明显改善,对照组中25例(71%)心功能明显改善,两者有显著差异(P0.05)。试药组患者未见肝功能损害及贫血病例。结论:先天性心脏病术后肺动脉高压的患者使用安立生坦能够安全有效地降低肺动脉压力,改善心功能。     

Use of exclusive enteral nutrition in adults with Crohn’s disease: A review

Exclusive enteral nutrition(EEN)is well-established as a first line therapy instead of corticosteroid(CS)therapy to treat active Crohn’s disease(CD)in children.It also has been shown to have benefits over and above induction of disease remission in paediatric populations.However,other than in Japanese populations,this intervention is not routinely utilised in adults.To investigate potential reasons for variation in response between adult studies of EEN and CS therapy.The Ovid database was searched over a 6-mo period.Articles directly comparing EEN and CS therapy in adults were included.Eleven articles were identified.EEN therapy remission rates varied considerably.Poor compliance with EEN therapy due to unpalatable formula was an issue in half of the studies.Remission rates of studies that only included patients with previously untreated/new CD were higher than studies including patients with both existing and new disease.There was limited evidence to determine if disease location,duration of disease or age of diagnosis affected EEN therapy outcomes.There is some evidence to support the use of EEN as a treatment option for a select group of adults,namely those motivated to adhere to an EEN regimen and possibly those newly diagnosed with CD.In addition,the use of more palatable formulas could improve treatment compliance.     

心外管道全腔肺动脉连接术在复杂先心病中的应用

目的：总结心外管道全腔肺动脉连接（total cavopulmonary connection,TCPC）术治疗复杂先天性心脏病的临床经验。方法：2002年1月～2011年5月,采用外管道TCPC术矫治复杂先天性心脏病47例（病种包括三尖瓣闭锁、单心室、肺动脉闭锁、右心室发育不良、右室双出口）患者,手术年龄（8±4）岁。一期手术25例,分期手术22例。结果：术后早期（术后1月）死亡4例（8%）。死亡原因：多脏器功能衰竭、心脏骤停、感染、蛋白丢失性肠病和低心排。术后早期并发症发生率为17%,主要为肺水肿3例、胸腔积液2例、心律失常1例、心包积液1例、蛋白丢失性肠病和低心排1例。术后均随访,随访时间9～87月。远期再住院率为9%（4/43）,再次手术7%（3/43）。2例再次出现胸腔积液,2例因自行停服肠溶阿司匹林后出现外管道堵塞再次手术,1例于术后出现低心排死亡。其余患者恢复良好。结论：对于适应证明确的复杂先天性心脏病患者行心外管道TCPC手术治疗,近期临床效果满意。     

Predictors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after surgery for adult congenital heart disease in children's hospitals

Objective: Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients who undergo cardiac surgery are at risk for poor outcomes, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (ECMO) and death. Prior studies have demonstrated risk factors for mortality, but have not fully examined risk factors for ECMO or death without ECMO (DWE). We sought to identify risk factors for ECMO and DWE in adults undergoing congenital heart surgery in tertiary care children’s hospitals.
Design: All adults (≥18 years) undergoing congenital heart surgery in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database between 2003 and 2014 were included. Patients were classified into three groups: ECMO‐free survival, requiring ECMO, and DWE. Univariate analyses were performed, and multinomial logistic regression models were constructed examining ECMO and DWE as independent outcomes.
Setting: Tertiary care children’s hospitals.
Results: A total of 4665 adult patients underwent ACHD surgery in 39 children’s hospitals with 51 (1.1%) patients requiring ECMO and 64 (1.4%) patients experiencing DWE. Of the 51 ECMO patients, 34 (67%) died. Increasing patient age, surgical complexity, diagnosis of single ventricle heart disease, preoperative hospitalization, and the presence of noncardiac complex chronic conditions (CCC) were risk factors for both outcomes. Additionally, low and medium hospital ACHD surgical volume was associated with an increased risk of DWE in comparison with ECMO.
Conclusions: There are overlapping but separate risk factors for ECMO support and DWE among adults undergoing congenital heart surgery in pediatric hospitals.     

The haematological management of patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease: A time for consensus?

AIMS: Recurrent venesection of patients with cyanotic congenital heartdisease may be detrimental, with an increased risk of cerebrovascularevents and symptomatic iron-deficiency. The aim of this studywas to determine the venesection policies as practised in hospitalswithin a U.K. region and to determine if these policies followedcurrent recommendations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-eight consultants (56% response rate) in cardiac specialtiescompleted self-assessment questionnaires regarding the indicationsfor and practice of venesection. Sixty-one percent of thoseresponding were involved directly in the care of patients withcyanotic congenital heart disease and of these clinicians 97%used venesection. Indications for venesection varied, with 51%of those responding using an elevated haemoglobin per se (6·5–21·0g.dl^–1); 78% an elevated haematocrit (0·55–0·75)and 83% symptoms. Desired maintenance haemoglobin and haematocritlevels also varied greatly. Fifty percent of the consultantsresponding routinely screened their patients for iron deficiencyand 23% felt there was no indication for investigating a lowmean corpuscular volume. Only 18% of the policies describedfollowed any evidence based principles. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of venesecting patients with congenital cyanoticheart disease varies greatly. Policies in many hospitals donot reflect the minimal benefits and considerable risks associatedwith recurrent venesection.     

肠内营养支持治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者的应用

目的探讨肠内营养支持对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)合并呼吸衰竭患者治疗的影响。方法选取2014-2015年我院收治的慢阻肺合并呼吸衰竭患者70例,随机平均分为两组,分别选择常规治疗以及联合肠内营养支持治疗。结果治疗1个月后研究组患者血清血红蛋白(Hb)、总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)均相比对照组以及治疗前明显提高(P0.05),血浆PH值、PaO_2、PaCO_2、SF-36评分、6min步行距离指标明显改善(P0.05),无创通气时间、ICU住院之间相比对照组明显缩短(P0.05),有创通气比例明显降低(P0.05)。结论合理的营养支持方式对慢阻肺合并呼吸衰竭患者十分重要,肠内营养支持能够有效改善患者营养状况,促进呼吸功能恢复。     

MRI在合并大血管异常的小儿复杂型先天性心脏病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨MRI对复杂型先天性心脏病（CCHD）患儿大血管异常的诊断价值.方法 22例CCHD患儿接受心脏大血管MRI检查,所有患儿行手术治疗并证实诊断.结果 手术证实22例CCHD患儿中法洛四联症11例、内脏心房异位综合征4例、血管环2例、先天性主动脉缩窄5例.CCHD患儿合并的大血管异常在MRI上全部得到明确诊断.结论 MRI能够准确诊断CCHD患儿的大血管异常.     

食管癌术后早期肠内营养支持的疗效分析

目的分析食管癌患者术后早期进行肠内营养对患者免疫功能影响和应用效果。方法选取我院2017年1月至2019年6月收治的102例食管癌患者作为本次研究对象,将患者按随机数字法分为两组,每组患者均为51例。对其中一组食管癌患者使用早期肠内营养支持,设为研究组;另外一组患者进行标准的肠外营养支持,设定为对照组。对两组患者在术前1天(T0)、进行营养支持的第1天(T1)和1周时间(T2)的营养指标、细胞免疫指标以及体液免疫指标等情况做检测,记录检测数据并对比分析。结果两组患者T2时检测出的营养指标、细胞免疫指标以及体液免疫指标等水平都要高于T1。研究组患者T2时各项指标比对照组患者改善得更好,两组间对比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论早期肠内营养支持能够使食管癌患者营养指标、细胞免疫指标以及体液免疫等指标得到改善效果,值得临床大力推广。     

Vasopressor magnitude predicts poor outcome in adults with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery

Background: High levels of vasoactive inotrope support (VIS) after congenital heart surgery are predictive of morbidity in pediatric patients. We sought to discern if this relationship applies to adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD).
Methods: We retrospectively studied adult patients (≥18 years old) admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease from 2002 to 2013 at Mayo Clinic. Vasoactive medication dose values within 96 hours of admis‐ sion were examined to determine the relationship between VIS score and poor out‐ come of early mortality, early morbidity, or complication related morbidity.
Results: Overall, 1040 ACHD patients had cardiac surgery during the study time frame; 243 (23.4%) met study inclusion criteria. Sixty‐two patients (25%), experi‐ enced composite poor outcome [including eight deaths within 90 days of hospital discharge (3%)]. Thirty‐eight patients (15%) endured complication related early mor‐ bidity. The maximum VIS (maxVIS) score area under the curve was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86‐0.98) for in‐hospital mortality; and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76‐0.89) for combined poor clinical outcome. On univariate analysis, maxVIS score ≥3 was predictive of compos‐ ite adverse outcome (OR: 14.2, 95% CI: 7.2‐28.2; P < 0.001), prolonged ICU LOS ICU LOS (OR: 19.2; 95% CI: 8.7‐42.1; P < 0.0001), prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR: 13.6; 95% CI: 4.4‐41.8; P < 0.0001) and complication related morbidity (OR: 7.3; 95% CI: 3.4‐15.5; P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: MaxVIS score strongly predicted adverse outcomes and can be used as a risk prediction tool to facilitate early intervention that may improve outcome and assist with clinical decision making for ACHD patients after cardiac surgery.     

强化谷氨酰胺及合生元的肠内营养对老年住院患者营养状况与胃肠道耐受性的影响

目的研究强化谷氨酰胺和合生元的肠内营养对老年住院患者营养状态与胃肠道耐受性的影响。方法选取2013年1月至2016年12月于广西医科大学第一附属医院住院并接受肠内营养支持治疗的老年住院患者182例,采用随机数字表法分为两组:治疗组(n=90)和对照组(n=92)。对照组接受常规肠内营养治疗;治疗组在常规肠内营养治疗基础上每天加用谷氨酰胺与合生元。治疗10 d后对比治疗前后两组患者血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)和血红蛋白(Hb)水平,同时比较两组患者的胃肠道耐受性。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据处理,依据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验或x~2检验。结果治疗后治疗组患者的ALB[(37.16±4.94)vs(33.10±4.97)g/L]、PA[(218.26±89.57)vs(175.12±88.42)mg/L]和Hb[(104.99±16.47)vs(97.04±16.86)g/L]值均显著高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后治疗组的ALB[(37.16±4.94)vs(34.67±4.51)g/L]、PA[(218.26±89.57)vs(211.83±98.39)mg/L]和Hb[(104.99±16.47)vs(102.20±20.35)g/L]值均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组腹泻(6.67%vs 16.30%)、腹胀(7.78%vs 20.65%)以及恶心和呕吐(3.33%vs 10.87%)的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论强化谷氨酰胺及合生元的肠内营养能够改善老年住院患者的营养状态,提高肠道耐受性。     

PiCCO技术对复杂先天性心脏病患儿围手术期治疗的意义

目的：探讨脉搏指数连续心排出量（pulse indicated continuous cardiac output，PiCCO）监测在复杂性先天性心脏病患儿围术期治疗的指导意义。方法：选取复杂性先天性心脏病矫治术后的患儿104例，随机分为两组，PiCCO组（51例），均放置PiCCO导管监测平均动脉压（MAP）、心输出量（CO）、连续心输出量（CC0）、外周血管阻力（SVR）、胸腔内血容量（ITBV）、全心舒张末期容量（GEDV）、血管外肺水（EVLw）等，并指导临床治疗。对照组（53例），不放置PiCCO导管，凭经验及其他常规指标指导治疗。结果：PiCC0组机械通气时间、ICU滞留时间、血管活性药物使用时间显著短于对照组，但两组患儿左室射血分数（LVEF）、脑钠尿肽（BNP）、胸片渗出情况、感染率、病死率均无统计学差异。结论：PiCCO技术在复杂性先天性心脏病患儿术后治疗中有一定的实用价值。     

胰腺癌术后肠内营养与肠外营养的Meta分析

[目的]系统评价胰腺癌切除术后肠内营养(enteral nutrition,EN)与肠外营养(parenteral nutrition,PN)支持治疗的疗效.[方法]计算机检索国外Pubmed、西文生物医学期刊文献数据库,国内检索CNKI、维普和万方数据库,收集相关随机对照试验(randomized control trials,RCTs),并利用RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析.[结果]共纳入6项研究,包括411例研究对象.EN组比PN组术后住院时间短(WMD=1.44; 95％ CI:-2.04、-0.83),术后并发症的发生率低(OR=0.66;95％CI:0.42、1.05).然而,术后营养指标白蛋白PN组高于EN组(WMD=4.41;95％CI:-7.55、-0.73),而2组间血红蛋白比较差异无统计学意义(WMD=0.58;95％CI:-5.62、6.78).[结论]EN支持胰腺癌术后患者能有效缩短患者住院时间,降低并发症的发生.胰腺癌术后EN是一种有效的营养支持方式.     

Evaluation of athletes with complex congenital heart disease

As a result of improvements in congenital heart surgery, there are more adults alive today with congenital heart disease (CHD) than children. Individuals with cardiac birth defects may be able to participate in physical activities but require proper cardiovascular evaluation. The American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology released guidelines in 2015 for athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. The guidelines express that although restriction from competitive athletics may be indicated for some, the majority of individuals with CHD can and should engage in some form of physical activity. This case study demonstrates the importance of combining all aspects of history, physical examination, ECG, and imaging modalities to evaluate cardiac anatomy and function in young athletes with complex CHD.     

双心房输注在并发肺动脉高压的复杂性先天性心脏病患儿手术中的应用评价

目的：评估双心房输注对并发肺动脉高压的复杂性先天性心脏病患儿（复杂先心病）术后血流动力学的影响。方法：择期行复杂先心病矫治术的患儿46例,年龄6月一5岁,体质量5～19kg,心功能分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,随机分为两组（每组n=23）：双心房输注组（经左房泵入具有血管收缩作用的正性肌力药,从右房或肺动脉泵入血管扩张药物）和右心房输注组（直接经右房泵入具有血管收缩作用的正性肌力药和血管扩张药物）。腔静脉开放后常规给予血管活性药物,双心房输注组经中心静脉输注米力农0．5～0．75μg／（kg·min）,经左心房输注多巴胺5～lOμg/（kg·min）、肾上腺素0．03～0．1μg／（kg·min）。右心房输注组经中心静脉输注米力农0．5-0．75μg／（kg·rain）、多巴胺5-10μg/（kg·min）、肾上腺素0．03～0．1μg／（kg·min）。分别于给药前5min（TO）、给药后5min（T1）、10min（T2）、30rain（耶）和60min（T4）时记录平均动脉压（MAP）、HR、平均肺动脉压（MPAP）、左心房压（LAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）和心排出量（CO）,计算肺血管阻力指数（PVRI）、体循环血管阻力指数（SVRI）和心指数（cI）。结果：与11D时比较,双心房输注组T1一T4时MAP、CI和SVRI升高,HR、MPAP、T｜AP、CVP和PVRI降低（均P〈0．05）;右心房输注组T1～T4时MAP、MPAP、LAP和PVRI降低,cI升高（均P〈0．05）,HR、CVP和SVRI差异无统计学意义。与右心房输注组比较,双心房输注组MAP、CI和SVRI升高,HR、MPAP、LAP、PVRI和CVP降低（均P〈0．05）。结论：双心房输注可改善复杂先心病患者矫治术后左心排血功能,降低肺动脉压和肺循环血管阻力。     

早期肠内营养支持对高龄重症心脏瓣膜病患者术后康复的影响

目的观察早期肠内营养支持对高龄重症心脏瓣膜病(HVD)患者术后康复的影响。 方法将90例高龄重症HVD患者按随机数表法分为两组,A组(45例)接受常规肠内营养支持,B组(45例)接受早期肠内营养支持。对比两组患者入住ICU病房当天以及营养支持7 d后营养指标及免疫功能、住院时间及术后并发症发生率。 结果营养支持治疗7 d后,两组患者Hb、PA、ALB水平均高于入住ICU病房当天,且B组患者Hb、PA、ALB水平均高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。营养支持治疗7 d后,两组患者IgA、IgG、IgM水平均高于入住ICU病房当天,且B组患者IgA、IgG、IgM水平均高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者住院时间为(11.42±1.63)d,B组患者住院时间为(9.16±1.55)d。B组患者住院时间短于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者切口感染、腹泻、呕吐发生率均低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论早期EN治疗高龄重症HVD临床效果较好,可有效改善其免疫功能,有推广价值。     

先天性心脏病外科手术后心房内折返性心动过速的心电图与消融靶点

目的分析先天陛心脏病外科手术后心房内折返性心动过速（intra-atrial reentrant tachycar-dia，IART）心电图与消融靶点的关系。方法选择2004年1月至2005年12月在我院因先天性心脏病外科手术后LART行射频消融的24例患者，回顾性分析患者的心电图（F波或P’波）与消融靶点的关系。结果24例患者共诱发出28种IART。17种（17／28，60．7％）IART心电图表现为典型锯齿形F波，其中15种（15／17，88．2％）成功消融靶点在下腔静脉和三尖瓣环（IVC-TA）峡部；另外11种（11／28，39．3％）IART临床心电图表现与典型心房扑动不同，表现为P’波，其中7种（7／11，63．6％）IART成功消融靶点在右心房游离壁瘢痕-下腔静脉，其他分别在IVC-TA、界嵴前方、间隔补片和上腔静脉之间、房间隔补片处消融成功。结论不同部位的IART具有一定的心电图特点，根据这些心电图特点，有助于消融靶点的判定。