早期乳腺癌保乳手术与改良根治术的临床疗效对比研究

目的对比保乳手术与改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的疗效。方法分别对30例和33例早期乳腺癌患者行保乳手术（保乳组）和改良根治术（改良组）,比较两组疗效及患者术后生存质量。结果保乳组并发症显著少于改良组（P〈0．05）;两组远处转移、3年复发率及3年生存率之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;保乳组生活质量明显优于改良组（P〈0．05o结论保乳手术和改良根治术在早期乳腺癌术后早期并发症、远处转移、复发率及生存率方面无明显差异,保乳手术能显著提高患者术后生存质量,但应严格把握适应证。     

早期乳腺癌保乳治疗与改良根治术临床疗效比较

目的比较早期乳腺癌保乳治疗与改良根治术的临床疗效。方法选择2009年2月～2011年7月我院收治的64例女性乳腺癌患者,64患者均分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组单用保乳手术治疗,对照组用改良根治术治疗,对两组的手术疗效进行比较。结果保乳手术具有住院时间短、手术时间短、术中出血少、术后并发症发生率低,治疗组的优良率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组术后乳房美容效果显著优于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论保乳手术治疗乳腺癌与改良根治术比较,具有住院时间短、手术时间短、术中出血少、术后并发症发生率低,且美容效果好的优点,是治疗早期乳腺癌最佳的手术方式。     

保乳与改良根治术对乳腺癌患者生存质量和性功能的影响

目的比较保乳手术与改良根治术对早期乳腺癌生存质量和性功能的影响。方法回顾分析70例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者临床资料,根据患者手术方式分为保乳手术组（BCT组）和改良根治术组（MRM组）,比较两组患者术后生存质量和性功能的差异。结果 BCT组术后的生理状况、情感状况和附加的关注评分显著低于MRM组（P〈0.05）,而社会/家庭状况、功能状况、性期望、性欲激起、性高潮和满意度评分显著高于MRM组（P〈0.05、P〈0.01）;BCT组患者术后生存质量和性功能显著优于MRM组（P〈0.05、P〈0.01）。结论保乳手术较改良根治术更能改善早期乳腺癌患者的生存质量和性功能。     

保乳手术与改良根治术对早期乳腺癌的临床疗效分析

目的对比分析保乳手术与改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床效果。方法分析本科收治的乳腺癌患者,其中86例行保乳手术者为保乳组,72例行改良根治术者为改良组,比较分析两组患者的手术情况及术后3年生存率等。结果保乳组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间均优于改良组（P〈0.01）;两组术后并发症差异不显著（P〉0.05）。两组患者在复发、远处转移和生存率方面差异均无统计学意义。结论保乳手术比改良根治术创伤更小,患者术后生活质量高,可作为早期乳腺癌的治疗方法。     

早期乳腺癌保乳治疗与改良根治术的临床疗效比较

目的：比较早期乳腺癌保乳治疗与改良根治术的临床疗效。方法：选择2008年1月~2010年10月在我院住院治疗的56例乳腺癌患者,根据手术方法不同随机分为治疗组和对照组,各28例,对照组用改良根治术治疗,治疗组单用保乳手术治疗,比较两组的手术疗效。结果：与改良根治术比较,保乳手术具有手术时间短、术中出血少、住院时间短、术后并发症发生率低,且两组美容效果比较,治疗组的优良率明显高于对照,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组术后随访的复发率及1、3年的总生存率及无病生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：保乳手术治疗乳腺癌与改良根治术比较,具有手术时间短、术中出血少、住院时间短、术后并发症发生率低,且美容效果好的优点,值得推广和应用,临床医生应根据乳腺癌患者的具体情况选择适宜的手术方式。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳根治术加放疗的临床分析

目的比较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳根治术加放疗与改良根治术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月～2006年12月实施保乳手术加放疗（保乳组）的106例及改良根治术（对照组）的131例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者的临床资料,比较两组的疗效。结果与对照组比较,保乳组术后拔管时间短、并发症发生率低,并且美容效果评价的优良率明显高于对照组：两组的5年生存率及无病生存率相似,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论保乳手术加放疗可达到与改良根治术相似的生存率,且手术并发症发生率低,美容效果好,是Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌治疗的首选方式。     

保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌临床效果观察

目的观察对早期乳腺癌患者行保乳手术的疗效,探讨保乳手术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的临床意义。方法对该院收治的53例早期乳腺癌患者病例进行统计分析,将所有患者随机分为两组：治疗组34例,采用保乳术治疗;对照组19例,采用改良根治术治疗。分析两组术后临床疗效。结果治疗组在手术时间,术中出血量,术后引流总量,住院天数及术后并发症等方面均低于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗组乳腺美容优良率为91.18%（31/34）,明显高于对照组68.42%（13/19）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论术前掌握手术适应症,严格挑选患者,术中认真仔细操作,术后规范治疗,保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌能取得较为满意的乳腺美容效果,且可取得与改良根治术相同的疗效,值得基层医院推广应用。     

保乳手术与改良根治术对早期乳腺癌患者预后及生活质量的临床观察

目的比较保乳手术与改良根治术对早期乳腺癌（临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）患者的预后及生活质量的差别。方法回顾我院诊治的180例早期乳腺癌,分为保乳组与改良组,各90例。2组术后均按适应证进行放疔、化疗及内分泌治疗,观察其预后及生活质量的差别。结果患者均术后随访5年,2组的无病生存期差异无统计学意义,但保乳组的生活质量（总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、活力、社会功能、情感职能及精神健康）明显高于改良组。结论对早期乳腺癌患者应用保乳手术治疗,效果理想,且能取得良好的美容效果,提高生活质量,临床可积极应用。     

早期乳腺癌保留乳房手术23例

目的对比早期乳腺癌保乳手术与改良根治术治疗的疗效,探讨其临床意义。方法采用保留乳房手术治疗23例早期乳腺癌,选取14例对照,术后随访观察2组临床疗效。结果术后随访,保乳组与对照组术后并发症发生率分别为13.04%（3/23）和21.43%（3/14）,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但保乳组乳腺外形较好。结论严格掌握适应证,保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌,可和改良根治术一样取得满意疗效,且乳腺外形保留较好,值得临床推广应用。     

保乳手术与改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床效果分析

目的：对比保乳手术与改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌患者临床效果。方法选取早期乳腺癌患者120例,随机分为保乳手术及改良根治术2组,各60例。保乳手术组患者采取乳腺局部手术治疗,改良根治术治疗组患者采取改良根治手术。比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、手术复发情况、并发症发生状况及临床治疗效果。结果2组患者手术所用时间,采用保乳手术的患者显著短于采用根治术治疗的患者,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术中出血量,采取保乳手术的患者显著少于采用改良根治术的患者,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者在手术后,保乳手术组患者优良率显著高于改良根治术组（P<0.05）。结论保乳手术治疗法不仅能够缩短手术时间、减少手术出血量,还能降低患者术后复发率以及并发症发生率,保持乳房良好的外观,因此,推荐临床对早期乳腺癌患者采取保乳治疗方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.