盆底器官脱垂患者肛提肌的动态MRI研究

目的:探讨盆底器官脱垂(POP)患者肛提肌的动态MRI表现特征,建立基于MRI的盆底肌肉和韧带损伤的诊断技术。方法:POP组32例,对照组15例。分别比较两组肛提肌裂隙、髂尾肌厚度、耻骨直肠肌厚度、髂尾肌角度和肛提肌板角度的变化。结果:(1)POP组肛提肌裂隙面积较对照组明显增大(P=0.008);(2)POP组左右侧髂尾肌和右侧耻骨直肠肌厚度在静息位和最大腹压时均较对照组薄,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);对比腹压作用前后肛提肌厚度的变化,两组差异均无显著性(P均>0.05);(3)最大腹压时,POP组髂尾肌角度和肛提肌板角度较对照组明显增大(P=0.001和0.007);比较腹压作用前后的角度变化,POP组有显著差异(P=0.003和0.044)。结论:MRI检查可以很好地观察肛提肌的形态,动态检查还可以评价肛提肌的功能状态。     

盆腔器官脱垂应用网片术后疗效观察

目的:评价盆腔器官脱垂应用网片术后的疗效。方法:回顾分析2007年4月～2009年4月收住入院的盆腔器官脱垂病例24例(包括2例子宫切除术后穹窿脱垂,4例合并压力性尿失禁),应用网片盆底重建,评价术后各项客观和主观疗效。以POP-Q评分为客观疗效评价指标,以盆底功能障碍问卷(PFDI-20)为主观评价指标。结果:手术均顺利完成,术后恢复良好,无1例血管损伤、尿道损伤膀胱及直肠损伤。术后随访,无感染,无复发,无性生活障碍,补片侵蚀发生率8.33%,经治疗后好转,子宫脱垂复发2例。尿失禁、肛门坠胀感各1例,经治疗后症状消失。结论:网片用于盆腔器官脱垂的治疗安全,有效,术后并发症少,值得推广,仍需长期随访。     

Changes in levator ani muscle after vaginal hysterectomy and prolapse repair using the Total Prolift procedure

Objective

To assess changes in the levator plate angle (LPA), anteroposterior length of the levator hiatus (H-line), and pelvic floor descent (M-line) after vaginal hysterectomy and prolapse repair using the Gynecare Prolift Total Pelvic Floor Repair System.

Methods

Before and after the intervention, 20 women with pelvic floor prolapse underwent dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in supine position during the Valsalva maneuver to measure the LPA, H-line, and M-line. Paired t tests were performed and Pearson correlation coefficients calculated from values obtained using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system.

Results

After the intervention the LPA was smaller (46.92° vs 55.39°, P < 0.05), the H-line was shorter (53.70 cm vs 60.46 cm, P < 0.05), and the M-line was shorter (19.58 cm vs 25.27 cm, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

These changes suggest an efficient reconstruction and reinforcement of the pelvic floor after the surgery.     

改良盆底重建术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的临床研究

目的:探讨改良盆底重建术治疗盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的临床实用性。方法:选取59例POP患者,其中19例采用改良盆底重建术(A组),20例采用阴式子宫全切除术+阴道前壁"斜拉桥"式修补术(B组);20例采用传统阴式子宫全切除术+阴道前壁修补术(C组)。比较3组患者的围手术期各项指标情况及术后复发、阴道深度、性生活保持情况及疼痛不适等并发症情况。结果:(1)3组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后病率、术后性生活保持率及术后随访主观复发率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);3组的术后留置尿管时间及客观复发率两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),A组的留置尿管时间最短,C组的客观复发率较高。C组术后的平均阴道深度浅于A、B组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);但后两组比较差异无统计学意义。3组患者均无严重并发症发生。结论:3种术式均能短期内解决POP问题,改良盆底重建术术式简单易操作,可保持盆底结构及功能的完整性,短期内具有较好的疗效,但远期疗效尚待循证。     

Prolift盆底重建术后复发的处理

目的:探讨Prolift盆底重建术后复发的处理方法。方法:回顾分析我科目前收治的Prolift盆底重建术后复发患者的临床资料,以盆腔器官脱垂定量分期法为指标评价解剖学疗效,用生活质量问卷及性生活问卷为指标评价功能学疗效。结果:复发病例中1例未保留子宫的Prolift盆底重建者术后2年复发,目前放置子宫托疗效满意。4例保留子宫的Prolift盆底重建术后患者短期内(2～6月)复发,且均发生宫颈延长,经子宫切除术结合阴道顶端坐骨棘筋膜固定术后,3例解剖恢复良好,问卷评分示生活质量显著提高,1例因再次复发而行阴道封闭术。2例存在明显的网片侵蚀及症状性皱缩,分次剪除配合局部雌激素后治愈。结论:Prolift盆底重建术后复发病例的进一步处理目前处于初步探索阶段。子宫托保守治疗可作为首选。手术治疗建议切除存在宫颈延长的子宫结合阴道顶端固定术。坐骨棘筋膜固定术是操作简便、费用低廉的顶端固定术式,初步临床结局尚可,远期疗效有待进一步观察。经上述处理再复发者建议行阴道封闭术。     

Rate,type, and cost of pelvic organ prolapse surgery in Germany,France, and England

Objective

To estimate the rate, type and costs of surgical interventions for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in Germany, France, and England.

Study design

We identified the number, rate, and type of hospital admissions for pelvic floor surgery in 2005 from national hospital activity databases in each country: the German Hospital Episode, the French Medical Care Program Information System, and the National Health Service England Hospital Episode Statistics. Costs to the payer were estimated using the Diagnosis-Related Group reimbursement rates for each country.

Results

In 2005, the number (rate) of admissions for POP surgery was 36,854 (0.87 per 1000 women) in Germany, 36,679 (1.14 per 1000 women) in France, and 28,959 (1.13 per 1000 women) in England. Admissions for POP surgery constituted 10.4%, 16.7% and 16.9% of all admissions for female genital tract therapeutic interventions in Germany, France and England, respectively. At least 20% of hysterectomies were performed for the primary indication of POP. 57.4%, 45.0%, and 40.1% of all admissions for POP surgery included a hysterectomy. The costs to payers were €144,236,557, €83,067,825, and €81,030,907 in Germany, France, and England, respectively.

Conclusion

Burden and costs associated with POP surgery are substantial in the three countries studied. Thus, programs aimed at reducing the burden of this disease are desirable.     

Evaluation of the aged female baboon as a model of pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic reconstructive surgery

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the baboon as an animal model of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by describing the pelvic floor anatomy and adapting human clinical assessment tools. STUDY DESIGN: The pelvic anatomy of an adult female baboon was observed at necropsy, and comparisons were made to the human and squirrel monkey. The pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system was used to assess vaginal support in 12 living adult baboons, including 6 young, reproductive-age, nulligravid females (4.8 +/- 0.5 years) and 6 older, multiparous females (23.0 +/- 0.5 years). RESULTS: The female baboon pelvic anatomy was found to have similar architecture to the human and squirrel monkey female. Six multiparous females with mean parity of 5 (range 2-8) showed no evidence of POP or differences in POP-Q measurements from 6 nulliparous females. CONCLUSION: The POP-Q system can be used to assess female baboon vaginal support. In a sample of baboons, pelvic support loss consistent with POP was not identified. As the pelvic anatomy is similar to the human female, the baboon may prove useful for evaluating surgical materials and for modeling pelvic floor reconstructive surgeries.     

猪小肠黏膜下层生物补片在盆腔器官脱垂手术治疗中应用的初步观察

目的 探讨应用猪小肠黏膜下层生物补片治疗盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2012年3月至2013年3月在北京大学人民医院应用猪小肠黏膜下层生物补片行全盆底重建术治疗的15例POP定量(POP-Q)分度法Ⅲ度患者的临床资料,15例患者平均年龄59(39 ～82)岁.比较手术前、后POP-Q各指示点位置及生命质量相关问卷[盆底疾病生命质量影响问卷简表(PFIQ-7)、盆底功能障碍性疾病症状问卷简表(PFDI-20)及性生活质量问卷(PISQ-31)]分数,评估患者主观满意率、复发率及生命质量改善情况.结果 15例患者平均随访时间9.9(3 ～15)个月;平均手术时间96(65 ～ 120) min;平均术中出血量159(50～500) ml.术后未发现切口感染、补片侵蚀及暴露.患者主观满意率为14/15,脱垂复发率为2/15.患者PFDI-20评分由术前平均87(56 ～ 124)分降至术后30(22～48)分,PFIQ-7评分由术前平均129(85 ～ 158)分降至术后24(18～48)分,PISQ-31评分由术前平均48(32 ～55)分升高至术后79(66 ～89)分,手术前、后分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),9例患者术后恢复性生活.结论 应用猪小肠黏膜下层生物补片行全盆底重建术治疗重度POP近期随访疗效满意,手术后生命质量及性生活质量提高明显,并发症少,但远期效果尚待随访观察.     

Vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse using mesh and a vaginal support device

Objectives  To describe a new surgical procedure for pelvic organ prolapse using mesh and a vaginal support device (VSD) and to report the results of surgery.
Design  A prospective observational study.
Setting  Two tertiary referral Urogynaecology practices.
Population  Ninety-five women with International Continence Society pelvic organ prolapse quantification stage 2 or more pelvic organ prolapse who underwent vaginal surgery using mesh augmentation and a VSD.
Methods  Surgery involved a vaginal approach with mesh reinforcement and placement of a VSD for 4 weeks. At 6 and 12 months, women were examined for prolapse recurrence, and visual analogue scales for satisfaction were completed. Women completed quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaires preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months.
Main outcome measures  Objective success of surgery at 6 and 12 months following surgery. Secondary outcomes were subjective success, complications, QOL outcomes and patients' satisfaction.
Results  Objective success rate was 92 and 85% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Subjective success rate was 91 and 87% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. New prolapse in nonrepaired compartments accounted for 7 of 12 (58%) failures at 12 months. Two of 4 mesh exposures required surgery. Sexual dysfunction was reported by 58% of sexually active women preoperatively and 23% at 12 months. QOL scores significantly improved at 12 months compared with baseline ( P < 0.0001).
Conclusion  Vaginal surgery using mesh and a VSD is an effective procedure for pelvic organ prolapse. However, further studies are required to establish the role of the surgery described in this study.     

Impact of total vaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse on female sexual function

Objective

To evaluate the short-term impact of surgical repair with total transvaginal mesh (TVM) on sexual function among women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods

Twenty-seven sexually active women who underwent total TVM procedures for symptomatic POP at Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital between 2007 and 2010 were included in the retrospective study. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included pelvic examination using the POP quantification (POP-Q) system, urodynamic studies, and a personal interview to evaluate urinary and sexual symptoms via the urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6), incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7), and female sexual function index (FSFI).

Results

The mean patient age was 51.4 years (range 36–68 years) and the mean parity was 2.7 (range 0–4). Regarding POP-Q parameters, there were significant improvements at points Aa, Ba, C, Ap, and Bp after surgery (P < 0.001). Similarly, the UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores significantly dropped postoperatively (P < 0.01). After surgery, the scores for the dyspareunia and the lubrication domains of FSFI worsened significantly (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in other domains (desire, arousal, orgasm, satisfaction, and total score; P > 0.05). Two-thirds (66.7%) of women had a lower total FSFI score postoperatively.

Conclusion

TVM surgery was found to contribute successfully to the anatomic correction of POP, but individual domains of sexual function sometimes worsened.     

Vaginal mesh colpopexy for the treatment of concomitant full thickness rectal and pelvic organ prolapse: a case series

Objective

To present our case series of concomitant rectal and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) treated with vaginal colpopexy with synthetic mesh.

Study design

Charts of patients with full thickness rectal prolapse and POP were reviewed for presenting symptoms, physical examination with POP-Q including rectal prolapse evaluation, and perioperative complications and outcomes.

Results

Four patients aged 63-78 were identified with full thickness rectal prolapse and POP. All of them had symptoms related to both conditions. Rectal prolapse protrusion ranged from 2 cm to 3 cm outside the anus. All patients had vaginal mesh colpopexy; two of them with anterior and posterior vaginal mesh and 2 with posterior mesh only. At a follow-up of 6-44 months, all patients had resolution of both POP and rectal prolapse signs and symptoms.

Conclusion

Vaginal colpopexy with mesh may be a unique treatment to address both POP and full thickness rectal prolapse in selected patients. Further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this method.