硅胶子宫托治疗盆腔脏器脱垂临床观察

目的探讨应用硅胶子宫托治疗盆腔脏器脱垂。方法 2005年11月至2009年3月北京大学第三医院,对硅胶子宫托治疗有症状的POP-Q分期Ⅲ～IV期盆腔脏器脱垂患者52例,进行使用方法、使用时间有无合并症的随访,并填写生活质量调查问卷(PFDI-20短表)。采用配对资料秩和检验统计分析。结果 2005年11月至2009年3月有52例患者试戴硅胶子宫托,33例(63.46%)患者试戴成功。随访31/33例(93.94%),其中23/31例(74.2%)自行取放子宫托;取放间隔时间约1d至6月,28/31例(90.32%)<1月。除1例网片添加盆底重建术术后复发后配戴子宫托患者出现网片侵蚀和阴道壁脓肿外,无严重合并症发生。随访中8/31例(25.81%)放弃使用子宫托,其中7/8在1年内放弃。放弃的主要原因为子宫托大小不合适、取放麻烦或困难。持续使用者随访时间为(10.04±2.57)个月(3～17个月)。27例(含5例放弃者)完成生活质量调查问卷。PFDI-20上托前中位评分为36.16分,上托后为25.98分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论硅胶子宫托治疗重度盆腔脏器脱垂安全、有效,可以显著改善患者的生存质...     

The history and usage of the vaginal pessary: a review

It is expected that with the rising female life expectancy the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse will increase. From ancient times mechanical devices have been used to reposition prolapsed organs. Given that surgical correction of prolapse is associated with high recurrence rates, pessaries offer a favorable alternative. In spite of the antiquity of pessary usage the evidence for its use, the effectiveness of symptom relief, and the nuances of clinical management with the pessary in situ have not been studied methodically. There is a need for controlled trials to assess the efficacy of pessaries as opposed to other non-surgical and surgical methods of treating pelvic organ prolapse. Additionally, the long term effects and complications of pessary usage have not been assessed in trials, and knowledge about the potential complications caused by the pessary rests mainly on anecdotal data.This review provides a historical perspective and appraises the current knowledge regarding the indications, effectiveness and the potential complications associated with pessary use. Data were obtained from an electronic search of Medline (1966-2010) and by hand searching the citations which were not available online. Keywords used were pelvic organ prolapse, pelvic floor dysfunction, vaginal pessary and urinary incontinence. Textbooks are also quoted where relevant.Most studies report moderate success rates in the short term following insertion of a pessary for the management of prolapse and concur in the remission of almost all symptoms attributable to the prolapse. Reported success is variable in the remission of urinary and bowel symptoms. We conclude that based on the available evidence (mostly retrospective and prospective cohort studies), treatment with a vaginal pessary is a feasible option that can be offered in the short term to women with prolapse. There is a need for controlled trials to assess the long term efficacy.     

硅胶子宫托用于女性盆腔器官脱垂的疗效分析

目的探讨硅胶子宫托治疗女性盆腔器官脱垂的临床效果及生活质量改善情况。方法对2009年9月至2012年5月硅胶子宫托保守治疗POP-QⅢ~Ⅳ期盆腔器官脱垂72例患者进行随访,填写盆底功能障碍问卷简表（PFDI-20）和盆底功能影响问卷简表（PFIQ-7）,评价子宫托治疗的疗效。结果 72例盆腔器官脱垂患者中,1例为全盆腔重建术后复发。随访时间24~50个月,平均随访时间（30.71±5.49）个月。13例失访,59例完成随访,随访率为81.94%。59例患者中,35例（59.32%）效果显著,持续佩戴,取放间隔时间为1~4周;24例（40.68%）在3个月内放弃使用子宫托,其中取放困难11例（45.83%）,长期佩戴有不适感8例（33.33%）,易脱落4例（16.67%）,1例83岁患者因偏瘫长期卧床放弃使用。35例患者治疗前PFDI-20和PFIQ-7评分分别为（46.94±36.10）分和（98.23±48.01）分,治疗后6个月分别下降至（6.07±15.63）分和（14.56±11.14）分,治疗后2年分别下降为（3.72±12.76）分和（5.3±4.87）分,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论子宫托可以有效改善盆腔器官脱垂患者的症状,提高生活质量,适合门诊广泛开展应用。     

Surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse and follow-up: An institutional multi-center experience

AIM: To investigate the effects of the Elevate Anterior and Posterior transvaginal mesh procedure on 30 patients affected by pelvic organ prolapse (POP) at 12 mo follow-up. METHODS: Between September 2011 and September 2012, a prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 30 consecutive patients with POP-Q ≥ stage II. After a preoperative evaluation, patients underwent prolapse repair utilizing the Elevate Anterior and Posterior Prolapse Repair System (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, United States). Operative technique was standardized and performed by the same surgical team under spinal or general anesthesia. Patients were evaluated postoperatively at 1, 3, 6 and 12 mo. RESULTS: All 30 patients completed the 12 mo follow-up. The mean age was 65.3 years (range 49-81 years) and average hospital stay was 4.5 d. The mean operative time was 65 min (range 40-120 min). Related adverse events reported were mesh extrusions (6.7%) and post void residual urine volume (13.3%). There were no visceral injuries, no infection of the mesh, and no symptoms of recurrent prolapse. All quality-of-life scores significantly improved from baseline. CONCLUSION: One year’s follow-up of our 30 patients confirms the safety and the efficacy of the Elevate Anterior and Posterior transvaginal mesh procedure for POP treatment. Our final results are comforting but longer term follow-up is ongoing.     

De novo stress urinary incontinence after vaginal repair for pelvic organ prolapse: one-year follow-up

Objective

A few studies have reported a wide range (2–43%) in incidence of de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in previously continent women. The aim of this study was to re-examine this incidence up to one year following vaginal repair of prolapse.

Study design

Retrospective review of a cohort of women who underwent reconstructive vaginal repair of POP without a concomitant anti-incontinence procedure between 2003 and 2007 at two tertiary referral centers. Women were considered eligible if they were stress continent by symptoms and objective assessment (including urodynamics testing) prior to surgical repair. All women who had had any anti-incontinence procedure previously were excluded. The endpoint was subjective SUI that prompted the patient to undergo any treatment within one year from their prolapse surgery.

Results

64 women, with a mean age of 61 (±11) years, were eligible for the study: 26 (41%) had preoperative symptoms of overactive bladder. Fifty-four patients were available for analysis at the one-year visit. Seven women (13.5%) had symptoms of SUI but only one (2%) was found to have SUI objectively. Another patient underwent anti-incontinence surgery following her prolapse surgery.

Conclusion

The incidence of de novo SUI requiring treatment in previously continent women who underwent vaginal repairs for POP without concomitant anti-incontinence surgery is low (4%). A large-scale prospective study is necessary to further evaluate this finding.     

Factors which influence the short-term success of pessary management of pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify patient criteria which may affect the outcome of a pessary trial. STUDY DESIGN: Records of 407 patients presenting with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse who had a trial of pessary management were reviewed. Success was defined both by the initial fitting as well as by whether the patient was using the pessary at the 3-week follow-up visit. Outcomes were compared using chi-square test, 2-sample Student t test, or the Wilcoxon rank sum test, as appropriate. Statistical analysis was carried out at a significance of .05. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-eight patients (41%) were successfully fitted and continuing to use a pessary at the time of the 3-week follow-up visit. The likelihood of a successful pessary trial was significantly lower in subjects with a past history of hysterectomy (P<.001) or known reconstructive surgery for prolapse (P=.010). There was no association between the stage of prolapse and pessary trial outcome. There was no significance found in the relationship between the predominant location of support loss and the pessary trial outcome at the 3-week follow-up visit. CONCLUSION: The type and severity of pelvic organ prolapse do not influence the likelihood of a successful pessary fitting, and should not be used as a basis on which to select patients for pessary management.     

Conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition with 1 in 10 women undergoing surgery during their lifetime. In the community 8% of women complain of the symptom of a vaginal bulge which is the symptom that most closely correlates with the finding of a prolapse on examination. Pelvic organ prolapse can impair urinary, bowel and sexual function. The NICE National Guideline Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ prolapse in Women: Management makes recommendations on the assessment and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. The most important part of prolapse management is obtaining a comprehensive pelvic floor history and understanding the woman's treatment goals and expectations. A standardised examination aids further decision making. Conservative treatment options include observation, lifestyle advice, pelvic floor muscle training and use of a pessary. Treatment choice is guided by patient preference.     

Conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition with one in 10 women undergoing surgery during their lifetime. In the community 8% of women complain of the symptom of a vaginal bulge which is the symptom that most closely correlates with the finding of a prolapse on examination. Pelvic organ prolapse can impair urinary, bowel and sexual function. The most important part of prolapse management is obtaining a comprehensive pelvic floor history and understanding the woman's treatment goals and expectations. A standardised examination aids further decision making. Conservative treatment options include observation, lifestyle advice, pelvic floor muscle training and use of a pessary. Treatment choice is guided by patient preference.     

Vaginal pessaries for the management of pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition and is thought to affect approximately 40% of women over the age of 40, with prevalence increasing with age. Although POP is not usually associated with mortality, it can significantly impact quality of life. Management of POP includes, the option of no treatment, conservative and lifestyle management, pessary management or surgery. Options for management should take into consideration the woman's preference, the site of prolapse, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, age, desire for childbearing, previous surgery and whether the patient is sexually active. The risks and benefits of each option should be discussed, and women should be included in decision making. Vaginal pessaries are intravaginal devices that aim to restore prolapsed vaginal compartments to a normal position with aim to relieve symptoms. There are a wide variety of pessaries and these are usually made of plastic or silicone. The most commonly used pessaries in the UK are discussed in this article.     

Risk factors associated with an unsuccessful pessary fitting trial in women with pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to estimate the percentage of women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse who had a successful pessary fitting trial, to identify pelvic examination parameters that are associated with an unsuccessful pessary fitting trial, and to identify the most commonly used pessary for each stage of prolapse. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective, observational study, 100 consecutive women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse were examined, staged, and fitted with either a ring or Gellhorn pessary. A successful pessary fitting trial occurred if a woman continued to use a pessary 1 week after being fitted. Women were then divided into two groups on the basis of whether they had a successful pessary fitting trial: group 1 was successful, and group 2 was unsuccessful. Pelvic examination parameters were evaluated as risk factors for an unsuccessful pessary fitting trial. RESULTS: Group 1 had 73 women, and group 2 had 27 women. A short vaginal length (< or =6 cm) and a wide vaginal introitus (4 fingerbreadths accommodated) were associated with group 2 (11% vs 0%, P=.02, and 22% vs 7%, P=.04, respectively). Ring pessaries were used more with stage II and III prolapse (100% and 71%, respectively), whereas Gellhorn pessaries were used more with stage IV prolapse (64%, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Seventy-three women (73%) with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse had a successful pessary fitting trial. A short vaginal length and a wide vaginal introitus were risk factors for an unsuccessful pessary fitting trial. Gellhorn pessaries are more often needed with stage IV prolapse.     

A prospective study of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the management of pelvic organ prolapse

Objective  Assessment of the 2-year outcome of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy.
Design  A prospective observational study of women undergoing laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for prolapse.
Setting  A tertiary referral unit in the North West of England.
Population  A total of 22 women taking part in a prospective longitudinal study of prolapse who had a laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy between September 2002 and January 2005.
Methods  Women attended a research clinic where they completed validated quality-of-life questionnaires and were examined. Women were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.
Main outcome measures  Pelvic organ support assessed by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification score. Assessment of the degree and impact of vaginal, urinary and bowel symptoms using validated quality-of-life questionnaires.
Results  At a mean follow up of 26.5 months, all 22 women had stage 0 vault support with 21 cured of prolapse symptoms. Stress urinary incontinence resolved in half of women without concomitant continence surgery. Bowel symptoms were uncommon, but of those reporting postoperative bowel symptoms, approximately one-third had no symptoms prior to surgery. No new onset dyspareunia was reported in those women sexually active at 2 years.
Conclusions  Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is a safe and effective treatment for vault prolapse, providing excellent vault support in the medium term. The outcome for anterior and posterior support is less predictable, and anatomical outcome correlated poorly with functional outcome.     

Impact of total vaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse on female sexual function

Objective

To evaluate the short-term impact of surgical repair with total transvaginal mesh (TVM) on sexual function among women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods

Twenty-seven sexually active women who underwent total TVM procedures for symptomatic POP at Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital between 2007 and 2010 were included in the retrospective study. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included pelvic examination using the POP quantification (POP-Q) system, urodynamic studies, and a personal interview to evaluate urinary and sexual symptoms via the urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6), incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7), and female sexual function index (FSFI).

Results

The mean patient age was 51.4 years (range 36–68 years) and the mean parity was 2.7 (range 0–4). Regarding POP-Q parameters, there were significant improvements at points Aa, Ba, C, Ap, and Bp after surgery (P < 0.001). Similarly, the UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores significantly dropped postoperatively (P < 0.01). After surgery, the scores for the dyspareunia and the lubrication domains of FSFI worsened significantly (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in other domains (desire, arousal, orgasm, satisfaction, and total score; P > 0.05). Two-thirds (66.7%) of women had a lower total FSFI score postoperatively.

Conclusion

TVM surgery was found to contribute successfully to the anatomic correction of POP, but individual domains of sexual function sometimes worsened.     

Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to determine the relationship between these risk factors and stage or other components of POP. METHODS: 244 patients with primary POP and 314 women without POP were included. Age, parity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), menopause, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were investigated. RESULT: Independent risk factors for POP included age over 70, parity higher than 3, and menopause. Age, parity, menopause, and HRT were significantly associated with stage of POP. Genital hiatus (GH) and perineal body (PB) showed a significant positive and negative correlation with age and parity, respectively. Menopause and HRT were also associated with them. CONCLUSION: Age, parity and menopause are possible risk factors of POP and associated with the lengths of GH and PB in POP women. Further, these risk factors and HRT are significantly correlated with the severity of the disease.     

Vaginal mesh colpopexy for the treatment of concomitant full thickness rectal and pelvic organ prolapse: a case series

Objective

To present our case series of concomitant rectal and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) treated with vaginal colpopexy with synthetic mesh.

Study design

Charts of patients with full thickness rectal prolapse and POP were reviewed for presenting symptoms, physical examination with POP-Q including rectal prolapse evaluation, and perioperative complications and outcomes.

Results

Four patients aged 63-78 were identified with full thickness rectal prolapse and POP. All of them had symptoms related to both conditions. Rectal prolapse protrusion ranged from 2 cm to 3 cm outside the anus. All patients had vaginal mesh colpopexy; two of them with anterior and posterior vaginal mesh and 2 with posterior mesh only. At a follow-up of 6-44 months, all patients had resolution of both POP and rectal prolapse signs and symptoms.

Conclusion

Vaginal colpopexy with mesh may be a unique treatment to address both POP and full thickness rectal prolapse in selected patients. Further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this method.     

非手术治疗盆腔器官脱垂临床应用及其评估

非手术疗法是盆腔器官脱垂的一线治疗方法,包括生活方式干预、盆底肌训练、生物反馈疗法和子宫托等。文章通过探讨这些方法的临床适应证、具体操作和效果评估,为规范盆腔器官脱垂非手术治疗提供指导。     

A prospective study of pessary use for severe pelvic organ prolapse: 3-year follow-up outcomes

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics - To estimate the optimal definition of successful pessary use and the long-term success rate of the pessary as well as the complications and factors...     

Efficacy and safety of anterior vaginal prolapse treatment using single incision repair system: Multicentric study

ObjectiveUp to 80% of all POP surgical procedures are due to anterior vaginal wall prolapse.The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transvaginal anterior mesh for POP surgical repair.Materials and methods153 consecutive patients with symptomatic or recurrent anterior vaginal prolapse undergoing surgical single-incision mesh (Calistar S) were prospectively enrolled in the study. Preoperative evaluation was performed collecting urogynecological history and performing a clinical exam, 3-day voiding diary and urodynamic testing. All incontinent patients completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Operative time, blood loss, perioperative and postoperative complications were prospectively recorded. Postoperative follow-up was scheduled at 1, 6, and 12 months with a urogynecological interview and examination.Success rate was assessed at 1, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsThe median follow-up was 16.4 months. None of patients had intraoperative complications. Eight patients (5%) required surgical intervention for complications (5 patients (3%) for haematoma and 3 (2%) for vaginal erosion). At 12 months of follow up 130 out of 140 patients (93%) gained the subjective cure criterion, while 129 out of 140 patients (92%) obtained the objective cure criterion. Eleven (7.8%) patients experienced stage 2 or higher prolapse recurrence and three of them with a stage ≥3 underwent reintervention. No significant differences were recorded in primary outcome at 1, 6 or 12 months postoperatively.ConclusionsAnterior compartment prolapse repair by Calistar S (single-incision vaginal mesh) is an effective and safe procedure without significant complications.