酮洛芬醇质体体外经皮渗透研究

目的:考察酮洛芬醇质体的体外经皮渗透特性。方法:乙醇注入法制备酮洛芬醇质体,采用Franz扩散池,以离体小鼠皮为皮肤屏障,对酮洛芬醇质体的体外经皮渗透量、稳态透皮速率进行研究,并测定24 h时皮肤中的滞留量。结果:酮洛芬醇质体体外24 h累积渗透量Q为(720.88±2.04)μg.cm-2,稳态透皮速率J为(28.15±0.20)μg.cm-2.h-1,24 h皮肤中的滞留量(50.86±1.44)μg.cm-2,与同剂量酮洛芬脂质体及其30%醇溶液相比,均有明显提高(P<0.05)。结论:醇质体可显著增加酮洛芬的体外经皮渗透,值得进一步研发。     

纳洛酮醇质体凝胶复合物的经皮渗透研究

目的设计纳洛酮醇质体凝胶复合物,考察不同浓度的羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)以及纳洛酮醇质体凝胶复合物与化学促渗剂联合应用对体外透皮速率的影响。方法采用注入法制备醇质体,HPMC制备凝胶,以SD雄性大鼠皮肤为媒介,改良Franz单室扩散池为体外模型,用HPLC法测定透过皮肤的纳洛酮含量。求算稳态透皮速率和皮肤中的滞留量。结果纳洛酮为2mg·mL-1时,HPMC作为纳洛酮醇质体基质时经皮渗透速率为1%HPMC>3%HPMC>5%HPMC>醇质体>10%HPMC。二甲基亚砜的促渗效果最好,且随二甲基亚砜浓度增加,稳态渗透速率增加。结论适当浓度的HPMC作为纳洛酮醇质体的基质时,能提高纳洛酮醇的透皮速率,增加药物在皮肤中的滞留量,醇质体凝胶复合物有望开发为纳洛酮经皮给药的新剂型。     

秋水仙碱醇质体贴剂的制备及其体外透皮释药

目的:制备秋水仙碱醇质体贴剂并研究其体外透皮释药性能。方法:采用注入法制备秋水仙碱醇质体,以Ⅳ#丙烯酸树脂、柠檬酸三乙酯和琥珀酸压敏胶材料制备压敏胶作为骨架,制成秋水仙碱贴剂;用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定贴剂中秋水仙碱的含量,并以改良的Franz扩散池研究贴剂体外透皮释药性能。结果:秋水仙碱经制成醇质体,再用丙烯酸压敏胶制成秋水仙醇质体贴剂,符合Higuchi方程;不含月桂氮芯卓酮与含5%、10%比例月桂氮卓芯酮的醇质体药物透皮释药速率分别为(2.64±0.16),(3.92±0.12)μg.cm-2.h-1和(4.26±0.18)μg.cm-2.h-1,明显高于不含醇质体贴剂(P<0.05);不含月桂氮芯卓酮与含5%、10%月桂氮芯卓酮的醇质体皮肤药物滞留量分别为(2.94±0.12),(3.64±0.09)μg.cm-2和(4.03±0.12)μg.cm-2,可改变透皮吸收促进剂的用量控制贴剂的释药速率(P<0.05)。结论:所制备的秋水仙碱醇质体贴剂具有明显的缓释作用和较高的透皮吸收促进作用。     

醋氯芬酸醇质体的制备及体外经皮渗透考察

目的:制备醋氯芬酸(ACF)醇质体并考察其对离体大鼠的透皮能力。方法:采用乙醇注入均质法制备醋氯芬酸醇质体,利用正交试验优化处方;对其粒径、包封率、形态及大鼠离体皮肤经皮渗透量进行考察。结果:优选处方为乙醇用量45%,大豆磷脂用量3%,醋氯芬酸用量0.35%。制备的醇质体平均粒径为102 nm,包封率为48%。醋氯芬酸醇质体的24 h经皮渗透量为821.8μg.cm-2是其45%乙醇溶液的6.36倍。结论:醇质体能显著提高醋氯芬酸经皮渗透量,是经皮给药的优良载体。     

酮洛芬二元醇质体凝胶的研制及其质量考察

目的:研制酮洛芬二元醇质体凝胶,并对其质量进行考察.方法:采用乙醇注入法制备酮洛芬二元醇质体,采用研和法制备醇质体凝胶;透析法测定包封率;Franz扩散池进行离体皮肤渗透试验,测定其体外累积渗透量及皮内滞留量;并对其体外稳定性进行了初步考察.结果:酮洛芬二元醇质体形态圆整,平均粒径为(289.86±44.75)nm,平均包封率为(73.85±2.62)%.体外透过皮肤进入接收液中的二元醇质体(乙醇/丙二醇=7:3)累积渗透量为一元醇质体的1.8倍,24 h时二元醇脂质体和醇质体皮肤中药物滞留量分别为(52.33±3.12)μg·cm-2和(40.25±2.85)μg·cm-2.在实验期内,体外稳定性较好.结论:酮洛芬二元醇质体具更好的透皮吸收性及皮肤滞留性,且质量稳定.     

姜黄二酮醇质体凝胶的制备与经皮渗透性研究

摘要：目的:采用醇质体凝胶装载药物改善姜黄二酮透皮性能。方法:分别制备姜黄二酮醇质体凝胶、普通凝胶、乳膏选取小鼠腹部皮肤进行Franz体外扩散试验用HPLC法测定姜黄二酮的浓度。以透皮量、皮肤储滞留量和透皮速率为指标,评价三者透皮性能。结果:姜黄二酮醇质体凝胶中姜黄二酮的稳态透皮速率为64.24μg·cm-2·h-1,分别达普通凝胶的3.29倍、乳膏的1.21倍;皮肤滞留量为369.35μg·cm-2,分别为普通凝胶的5.11倍、乳膏的3.36倍。结论:姜黄二酮醇质体凝胶的透皮性能良好具有新药开发的前景。     

乙肝疫苗体外经大鼠皮肤渗透与离子导入给药特性研究(英文)

对乙肝疫苗进行体外经皮实验以评价疫苗在被动扩散和离子导入情况下的经皮渗透特性。体外透皮研究采用Franz扩散池,以SD大鼠的腹部皮肤为渗透屏障,以酶联免疫法测定药物累积渗透量和在皮肤中的滞留量。乙肝疫苗(质量浓度为23μg·mL-1与46μg·mL-1)经完整皮肤被动扩散的经皮渗透量与皮肤滞留量均极少,24 h累积渗透量仅(2.1±0.1)ng.cm-2和(2.3±0.1)ng.cm-2。去除角质层后,经皮渗透量与皮肤滞留量分别提高至(383.7±86.2)ng.cm-2和(16.8±4.6)ng.cm-2,是完整皮肤的171.6倍与2.1倍(46μg·mL-1)。离子导入对于乙肝疫苗具有明显的经皮渗透促进作用:完整皮肤经皮离子导入6 h,乙肝疫苗的累积渗透量是被动扩散6 h的2.7倍(23μg·mL-1)和6.6倍(46μg·mL-1);去角质层皮肤离子导入,乙肝疫苗的累积渗透量是被动扩散6 h的1.6倍(23μg·mL-1)和1.8倍(46μg·mL-1)。离子导入也能显著增加疫苗在皮肤中的滞留量。离子导入6 h疫苗在完整皮肤中的滞留量和去角质层皮肤中的滞留量均与被动扩散24 h的皮肤滞留量接近[完整皮肤...     

尼美舒利醇质体的体外经皮渗透特性及皮肤刺激性

目的:考察醇质体作为尼美舒利经皮给药载体的体外渗透性及刺激性。方法:采用注入法制备尼美舒利醇质体,采用Franz扩散池和鼠皮进行体外渗透实验,HPLC测定药物浓度并计算药物稳态透皮速率、12 h累积释放量及皮内滞留量;采用小鼠皮肤红斑平均积分考察尼美舒利醇质体刺激性。结果:测得尼美舒利醇质体的稳态经皮渗透速率和12 h累积释放量分别是(16.28±1.68)μg.(cm2.h)-1,(195.38±19.89)μg/cm2,与脂质体相比提高了1.9倍(P<0.05);而醇质体的皮内滞留量为(318.67±38.57)μg/cm2,仅是脂质体的1.07倍(P>0.05)。皮肤刺激性实验显示,NIM醇质体的红斑指数与生理盐水的差异并不明显(P>0.05)。结论:尼美舒利醇质体的经皮渗透性和皮肤刺激性都优于脂质体,是一种有效的经皮给药制剂。     

肉桂提取物醇质体凝胶经皮给药研究

目的 制备肉桂提取物醇质体凝胶,考察肉桂提取物醇质体凝胶的透皮速率影响因素。方法 采用注入法制备肉桂提取物醇质体,将醇质体与羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）凝胶混合制备肉桂提取物凝胶,采用♂SD大鼠皮肤和Franz单室扩散池作体外经皮研究,HPLC测定不同时间点接受池的肉桂酸含量,考察不同HPMC浓度、不同促渗剂和促渗剂浓度对肉桂提取物醇质体凝胶渗透速率的影响。结果 不同HPMC浓度作为肉桂提取物醇质体基质时经皮渗透速率：2%HPMC〉3%HPMC〉4%HPMC〉5%HPMC≈醇质体。2%氮酮-丙二醇（1∶1）处理显示最好的促渗效果,渗透速率与醇质体相比：（4.38±0.47）μg·h1·cm2vs（1.53±0.31）μg·h1·cm2。结论 2%HPMC制备的肉桂提取物醇质体凝胶,能提高肉桂透皮速率,醇质体凝胶有望开发为肉桂提取物经皮给药剂型。     

醇质体在经皮给药系统中的应用研究

目的:为醇质体在经皮给药系统中的应用提供参考。方法:以"醇质体""经皮给药""醇质体制备""Ethosomes""Transdermal drug delivery""Preparation of ethosomes"等为关键词,组合查询2000年1月-2017年5月在中国知网、PubMed、Elsevier、Springer等数据库中的相关文献,对影响醇质体经皮渗透的因素和醇质体的理化性质、制备方法、经皮吸收特点以及其毒性等方面进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献342篇,其中有效文献32篇。醇质体是由磷脂、高浓度醇、水构成的新型载药体系,其中醇能使醇质体流动性增强,磷脂能使醇质体更易穿过皮肤角质层;与脂质体比较,醇质体流动性更好、粒径更小、Zeta电位更低、稳定性更高、包封率更高。醇质体的制备方法简单,常用的方法有注入法、注入-超声结合法、薄膜分散法、pH梯度法。醇质体经皮渗透速率、药物经皮渗透累积量、药物在皮肤中滞留量较其他剂型显著提高;醇质体对皮肤无毒、无刺激。现已有盐酸苯海索、补骨脂素、熊果苷、芹菜素、氯诺昔康、睾酮、红霉素、利多卡因、栀子苷等药物的醇质体应用于经皮给药中。目前关于醇质体的研究很多还只是停留在简单的制备工艺、透皮吸收等实验阶段,而关于处方组成及比例对醇质体理化性质和透皮吸收效果的影响报道较少;关于醇质体皮肤滞留量的研究,多取自透皮吸收实验结束的时间点,缺乏动态的研究;有关醇质体的透皮吸收机制研究也不足。今后应从以上几方面着手,加强醇质体的基础研究。     

Synergistic effects of ethosomes and chemical enhancers on enhancement of naloxone permeation through human skin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ethosomes, chemical enhancers and their binary combination on the in vitro permeability enhancement of naloxone through human skin. Franz diffusion cells were used for the percutaneous absorption studies. Propylene glycol (PG), N,N-dimethyl formamide (N,N-DMF), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (N,N-DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Azone and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), were chosen as the chemical enhancers. Naloxone ethosomes showed 11.68 times increase in steady-state flux compared to phosphate buffered solution (PBS). Ethosomes in combination with chemical enhancers synergistically increased (p < 0.05) in vitro flux of naloxone. Azone 3% + PG7% pretreated in ethosomal form dramatically enhanced the skin permeation of naloxone in vitro compared with ethosomes (steady-state flux: 96.75 +/- 5.70 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1) vs 20.56 +/- 1.67 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1)). Ethosomal carrier and enhancers accumulated in the skin after 24 h were greater than that of PBS.     

In vitro study of ethosome penetration in human skin and hypertrophic scar tissue

The purpose of this study is to characterize a novel transdermal delivery carrier, ethosomes containing 5-fluorouracil. The delivery of drugs from ethosomes in human hypertrophic scar (HS) and the mechanisms of action of ethosomes in human HS were investigated. Percutaneous ethosome permeation was evaluated in vitro in human HS and skin using a Franz's cell. The amount of 5-fluorouracil that permeated HS and skin after 24 hours was most abundant in ethosomes via HS (E-Scar), followed by hydroethanolic solution via HS (H-Scar), ethosomes via skin (E-Skin), and hydroethanolic solution via skin (H-Skin). The penetration of ethosomes in HS and skin was analyzed by ethosomes fluorescently labeled with rhodamine 6GO using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The fluorescence intensity after application for 24 hours was highest in E-Scar, followed by E-Skin, H-Scar, and H-Skin, which indicates the penetration of ethosomes in HS was greatest. In conclusion, we consider that ethosomes are a highly efficient carrier in HS.     

甘草次酸醇质体的制备研究

目的优选甘草次酸(GA)醇质体的最佳制备工艺。方法乙醇注入法制备GA醇质体,以包封率为评价指标,采用正交设计实验确定GA醇质体的最佳制备工艺。结果确定GA醇质体最佳制备工艺为:含GA0.5g的100mLGA醇质体中无水乙醇投入35mL,大豆磷脂3.0g,胆固醇0.2g。所制得的醇质体平均包封率为70.6%。结论以乙醇注入法制备的GA醇质体,包封率高、稳定。     

根皮素醇质体的制备、表征及对体外透皮吸收的影响

目的：制备根皮素醇质体,考察醇质体作为根皮素经皮给药载体的可行性。方法：乙醇注入法制备根皮素醇质体。采用包封率和粒径为考察指标,正交试验优化大豆磷脂用量、胆固醇用量、乙醇体积及水浴温度。测定根皮素醇质体粒径分布、多分散指标和Zeta电位,采用Franz扩散池比较根皮素及其醇质体体外透皮特征。结果：根皮素醇质体最佳处方工艺：磷脂用量为220 mg、胆固醇用量为14 mg、乙醇体积为5 mL、水浴温度为40℃,根皮素醇质体平均包封率为（83.09±1.24）%,载药量为（4.86±0.89）%,粒径为（162.19±5.88） nm,PDI为（0.067±0.011）;Zeta电位为（-15.09±2.16） mV。根皮素以醇质体形式给药后单位累积透过量提高了3.43倍,且渗透过程符合零级动力学。结论：醇质体具有包封率高,粒径分布均匀等特点,可提高根皮素的渗透速率和经皮渗透量,值得进一步研究。     

乙醇脂质体、二元醇脂质体及传递体对多奈哌齐经皮转运的对比性研究

目的:制备多奈哌齐乙醇脂质体、二元醇脂质体和传递体,并比较皮肤渗透性,从而进一步有效优化药物的经皮转运。方法:通过形态,粒径分布,Zeta电位值和包封率对多奈哌齐乙醇脂质体、二元醇脂质体及传递体进行了初步表征,运用Franz扩散池和共聚焦激光扫描电镜考察了3种囊泡的经皮转运情况。结果:当二元醇脂质体包封率最高(89.1±0.42)%时,乙醇-丙二醇=7∶3,且二元醇脂质体(乙醇-丙二醇为7∶3,W/W)在皮肤中24 h的累积渗透百分数分别是乙醇脂质体和传递体的3.9和5.4倍。结论:二元醇醇脂质体(乙醇-丙二醇为7∶3,W/W)时,有效地改善了药物在醇脂质体中的包封率,且显著增加的药物在皮肤中的累积量。     

Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight heparin loaded in flexible liposomes with bioavailability enhancement: comparison with ethosomes

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)-loaded flexible liposomes (flexosomes) were formulated for transdermal delivery, and their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with LMWH-loaded ethosomes. Flexosomes had similar particle size compared with ethosomes, but their deformability was higher than that of ethosomes (76.7% vs. 46.8%). In vitro, flexosomes demonstrated 2.6-fold higher permeability coefficient than ethosomes. In comparison to LMWH aqueous solution, skin deposition of flexosome increased 3.2-fold, while that of ethosome increased only 2.0-fold. In vivo, after the topical application of flexosome to hairless mouse, [anti-Xa](max) was 1.11?IU/mL, while ethosomes showed only 0.32?IU/mL. Moreover, AUC(0-24?h) of flexosomes was 2.5-fold higher than ethosomes. In conclusion, the enhanced skin permeation and bioavailability of LMWH can be achieved with flexosomes in comparison with ethosomes. The LMWH transdermal delivery via flexosomes has the potential to replace the parenteral dosage forms for the treatment of venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and cardiovascular events.     

布洛芬二元醇脂质体的制备与评价

目的:制备布洛芬二元醇脂质体并对其进行体外评价。方法:采用注入法制备布洛芬二元醇脂质体,以包封率为指标优化处方中乙醇与丙二醇比例;采用Franz扩散池进行离体皮肤渗透试验,测定布洛芬在接收液内的累积渗透量及皮内滞留量。结果:乙醇与丙二醇比例为7∶3时制得的布洛芬二元醇脂质体包封率最高(73.6±1.4)%,其透过皮肤进入接收液中的累积渗透量为乙醇脂质体的1.82倍。二元醇脂质体[乙醇-丙二醇(7∶3)]和乙醇脂质体24 h皮肤中药物滞留量分别为43.67±2.11和38.02±1.44。结论:二元醇脂质体可有效提高布洛芬的皮肤渗透量及皮内滞留量。