自发性高血压大鼠血中内皮素,一氧化氮,丙二醛水平及 …

为探讨内皮素（ＥＴ）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在高血压发病中的作用及相互关系。选用自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和对照ＷＫＹ大鼠各１０只,分别测定血浆中ＮＯ２＾－／ＮＯ３＾－,ＭＤＡ及ＥＴ水平,分析血压与ＥＴ、ＮＯ及ＭＤＡ与ＮＯ的关系。结果ＳＨＲ血浆中的ＮＯ２＾－／ＮＯ３＾－、ＥＴ、ＭＤＡ水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,同时ＳＨＲ血压与ＥＴ水平独立相关,偏相关系数为０．８８５５（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＭＤＡ与Ｎ     

NO与O2^—同时生成对离体兔肺动脉反应性影响的初步研究

目的：检测ＮＯ与Ｏ２＾－共同或分别作用对兔肺动脉反应性变化的影响。方法；将制备的离体兔肺动脉循环分为ＮＯ组，ＮＯ２－组，ＮＯ＋Ｏ２组和溶剂对照（ＮＳ）组。用离全血管环技术观察肺动脉对乙酰胆碱（ＡＣｈ）、Ｃａ＾２＋载体Ａ２３１８７和苯肾上腺素ＰＥ）的反应性变化。结果：肺动脉对ＡＣｈ的舒张反应（ｇｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ／ｍｇ ｄｗ）和舒张反应百分率（％）、在Ｏ２组明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１，与ＮＳ组比较）；在ＮＯ     

慢性丙型肝炎患者（2＇，5＇）寡腺苷酸合成酶的活性测定

目的：了解慢性丙型肝炎患者（２＇，５＇）寡腺苷酸合成酶（２－５ＡＳ）活性在干扰素治疗过程中的动态变化及意义。方法：ＰＥＩ－ＣＥＬＬＵＬＯＳＥ薄板层析法。结果：（１）慢性丙型肝炎患者２－５ＡＳ基础水平比正常人显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）ＩＦＮα治疗结束后ＨＣＶＲＮＡ持续阳性的病人２－５ＡＳ基础水平比ＨＣＶＲＮＡ转阴的病人要高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）ＩＦＮα治疗效果较好，ＨＣＶＲＮＡ转阴的病人２－５ＡＳ水平在用药后２４ｈ比ＨＣＶＲＮＡ未转阴的病人上升得更高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（４）用药后１个月２～５ＡＳ水平与ＩＦＮα治疗效果无显著相关性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：２－５ＡＳ可以作为评价干扰素治疗效果的１个机体反应指标。     

NO与(O_2)~同时生成对离体兔肺动脉反应性影响的初步研究

目的：检测ＮＯ与Ｏ－·２共同或分别作用对兔肺动脉反应性变化的影响。方法：将制备的离体兔肺动脉环分为ＮＯ组，Ｏ－·２组，ＮＯ＋Ｏ－·２组和溶剂对照（ＮＳ）组。用离体血管环技术观察肺动脉对乙酰胆碱（ＡＣｈ）、Ｃａ２＋载体Ａ２３１８７和苯肾上腺素（ＰＥ）的反应性变化。结果：肺动脉对ＡＣｈ的舒张反应（ｇｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ／ｍｇｄｗ）和舒张反应百分率（％），在Ｏ－·２组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１，与ＮＳ组比较）；在ＮＯ＋Ｏ－·２组显著高于Ｏ－·２组（Ｐ＜０．０５），但与ＮＳ组也有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在ＮＯ组肺动脉的舒张反应接近ＮＳ组，与Ｏ－·２组有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对Ａ２３１８７的舒张反应（用占预收缩的百分比表示），在ＮＳ、ＮＯ＋Ｏ－·２和Ｏ－·２组分别为７３．６７％，６４．８６％和５９．２６％。各组肺动脉对ＰＥ的收缩反应大致相同。Ｌ－精氨酸预孵育后，对ＰＥ的收缩反应在ＮＯ＋Ｏ－·２组收缩降低，为预孵育前收缩的５３．８９％；而在Ｏ－·２组无明显变化。结论：Ｏ－·２损害了肺动脉的内皮依赖和受体依赖性舒张反应；ＮＯ同时生成时可部分逆转Ｏ－·２的损伤作用；Ｏ－·２似通过清除内源性ＮＯ或直接累及ｅｃＮＯＳ，而发挥其损伤     

糖尿病高血压者尿儿茶酚胺与动态血压的关系

目的：探讨２型糠尿病高血压者尿儿茶酚胺（ＵＣＡ）与动态血压（ＡＢＰ）的关系。方法：用ＨＰＬＣ－ＥＣＤ测定３０例糠尿病高血压者（ＨＤＭ组）及２５例糖尿病血压正常者（ＮＤＭ组（ＵＣＡ浓度「ｃ（ＵＣＡ）」昼夜ＵＣＡ包括去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、肾上腺素（Ｅ）、多巴胺（ＤＡ（，同时监测２４ｈＡＢＰ。结果：ＨＤＭ与ＮＤＭ２组间以及血压昼夜节律反转（ｎ＝１０）与非反转者（ｎ＝４３）间日、夜及２４ｈ尿的ＮＥ、Ｅ水平     

培哚普利对老年高血压病患者血浆内皮素,一氧化氮的作用

为了解培哚普利（Ｐｅｒｉｎｄｏｐｒｉｌ）降压治疗对内皮素（ＥＴ）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的影响，测定２４例老年高血压病人治疗前后血浆ＥＴ和ＮＯ稳定代谢产物ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３（ＮＯ－ｘ）水平。结果显示：治疗８周后血浆ＥＴ水平从（７４．０５±１１．０９）×１０－９ｇ／Ｌ降至（６２．０９±１２．５１）×１０－９ｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＥＴ／ＮＯ－ｘ比值从（１．２１±０．３８）明显下降至（０．７２±０．１８）ｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而ＮＯ－ｘ水平明显升高，从（６９．９０±２４．４５）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ升至（９７．５９±２０．５５）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：培垛普利的降压作用可能部分要归于ＥＴ和ＮＯ的变化     

Ⅱ型糖尿病人的胰岛素抵抗与动态血压的关系

目的：分析Ⅱ型糖尿病病人的胰岛素抵抗与动态血压的关系。方法：对７４例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）病人行２４ｈ动态血压监测，其中合并高血压组３８人。所有病人行馒头餐试验，测定血糖、胰岛素及血脂，行相关分析。结果：高血压组较血压正常组的胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＳＩ）显著降低，ＩＳＩ与２４ｈ平均收缩压和舒张压呈显著负相关性，Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ多元回归分析，ＩＳＩ与高血压显著负相关（ＯＲ＝０．４３９１Ｐ＝０     

基因重组促红细胞生成素导致高血压的临床及实验研究

目的：探讨基因重组促红细胞生成素（ｒ－ＨｕＥＰＯ）在治疗慢性肾衰（ＣＲＦ）贫血中导致高血压的机制及防治对策。方法：对ｒ－ＨｕＥＰＯ治疗中出现高血压ＣＲＦ血液透析贫血患者１５例及对照组１５例,ＣＲＦ贫血动物模型,以及透析过程中出现低血压的３４例患者,应用分光光度法及放免法观察用药或透析前后血浆一氧化氮（ＮＯ）代谢产物（ＮＯ２／ＮＯ３）及内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）的变化。结果： ①ＣＲＦ贫血患者及贫血鼠用ｒ－ＨｕＥＰＯ治疗１６周后,红细胞压积（Ｈｃｔ）升高,血压升高,ＥＴ－１升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,血浆ＮＯ２／ＮＯ３下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而对照组用药前后无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。②在用药１６周后,ＲＴ－ ＰＣＲ测得实验组大鼠肾皮质及髓质ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ比对照组明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。③透析低血压患者透析后ＮＯ２／ＮＯ３含量增高,ＥＴ－１含量减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：研究表明ｒ－ＨｕＥＰＯ导致高血压与ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ减少、合成ＮＯ减少和ＥＴ－１增加有重要的关系。     

香烟烟雾提取物对兔气道平滑肌细胞毒性损伤及对一氧化氮生成的影响

目的探讨吸烟对气道平滑肌细胞（ＡＳＭＣ）的影响。方法分别以０、５％、１０％和３０％的香烟烟雾提取物（ＣＳＥ）孵育兔ＡＳＭＣ，测定其细胞存活率、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）漏出及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）稳定代谢终产物亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ－２）水平。用ｏｎｅｗａｙＡＮＯＶＡ检验及直线回归作统计学分析。结果在４８ｈＣＳＥ显著增加了ＡＳＭＣ的ＮＯ－２释放（１０％、３０％ＣＳＥ分别较对照组增加７５．７％和１１５．３％，Ｐ＜０．０１）；降低了细胞存活率，增加了细胞ＭＤＡ含量和ＬＤＨ漏出（Ｐ均＜０．０１），毒性损伤指标与ＮＯ－２的释放高度相关（ｒ分别为－０．７２１、０．７０６和０．７７３，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。结论吸烟可能对ＡＳＭＣ具有直接损伤作用，ＣＳＥ可能通过ＮＯ介导气道炎症损伤过程。     

17-β雌二醇对原代人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶基因表达的影响

目的：阐明雌二醇对内皮细胞一氧化氮（ＮＯ）生成及一氧化氮合酶（ｃＮＯＳ）基因表达的影响。方法：观察雌二醇作用于原代人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）一定时间（１～２４ｈ）后的ＮＯ产量，采用Ｇｒｅｉｓ反应测定代谢产物ＮＯ－２的量及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交技术分析雌二醇作用于ＨＵＶＥＣ１８ｈｃＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果：１００、３０、１０及１ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的雌二醇作用下，ＨＵＶＥＣ分别于１、４、１２及１８ｈ起，ＮＯ－２产量有明显增高。０．１ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１雌二醇作用２４ｈ内，ＮＯ－２产量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明：１～１００ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１雌二醇可明显促进ｃＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ的表达；而０．１ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１雌二醇无此效应。结论：雌二醇可促进ＨＵＶＥＣＮＯ的生成及ｃＮＯＳ基因的表达，可能为雌激素保护作用的重要机制，雌二醇作用的阈浓度可能在０．１～１ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１之间     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.