UBIO治疗贝赫切特综合征疗效动态观察

采用紫外线辐射充氧治疗２２例贝赫切 综合征病人，并动态观察了其治疗前后血流变学、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ、ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＣＡＴ、ＴＮＦ以及白细胞亚微结构的变化，以药物治疗的１１例ＢＳ病人做对照组。结果显示：ＢＳ病人经治疗后，其全血，血浆粘度，ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＴＮＦ均显著降低，而ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ、ＣＡＴ显著升高，ＵＢＩ组变化程度较药物组更为明显。ＵＢＩＯ治疗后白细胞表面微绒毛普遍增多，变粗，其细胞     

肿瘤坏死因子对溶血卵磷脂引起脑微血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响及药物的保护作用

目的研究肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ α）对溶血卵磷脂（ＬＰＣ）引起脑微血管平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）增殖的影响及维生素Ｅ（ＶｉｔＥ）,普罗布考（ＰＲＢ）的保护作用。方法用结晶紫染色测定密度（ＯＤ）值的方法观察ＴＮＦ α对ＬＰＣ引起牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞（ＢＣＭＳＭＣ）增殖作用的影响。结果ＴＮＦ α在２５×１０４～１×１０５Ｕ·Ｌ－１范围内能协同ＬＰＣ引起ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖,８ｈ时增殖率就明显增加,１６ｈ增殖率达峰值（６７２％）。ＶｉｔＥ２０,５０,１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＰＲＢ１０,２０,５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１呈剂量依赖性地显著降低其增殖率,其最大抑制率分别为７４２％和４９７％。结论ＴＮＦ α对ＬＰＣ引起的ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖有协同作用,药物ＶｉｔＥ,ＰＲＢ可拮抗其增殖作用。     

Tumor necrosis factor mediated release of platelet-derived growth factor from bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells

研究ＴＮＦ介导的ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ及药物对ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖的保护作用．方法：体外培养ＢＣＭＥＣ和ＢＣＭＳＭＣ，用结晶紫染色法观察ＴＮＦ引起的ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ继而促进ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖作用．结果：ＴＮＦ不能促进无血清培养的ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖，但ＴＮＦ（５－２０μｇ·Ｌ－１）剂量依赖地促进ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ．ＴＮＦ（２０μｇ·Ｌ－１）促进ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖的百分率为３４±４％．药物Ｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ，ｉｓｏｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ和ＰＭＤＰ不影响ＴＮＦ引起ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ，但能剂量依赖地（１－１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）抑制ＰＤＧＦ促ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖的作用．结论：ＴＮＦ促进ＢＣＭＥＣ释放ＰＤＧＦ继而引起ＢＣＭＳＭＣ的增殖．药物能抑制ＰＤＧＦ引起的ＢＣＭＳＭＣ增殖．     

白细胞介素2对系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞凋亡的影响

本文观察白细胞介素 2 (ＩＬ 2 )对系统性红斑狼疮 (ＳＬＥ)患者外周血单个核细胞 (ＰＢＭＣ)体外凋亡的影响及其时间、剂量效应关系 ,以探讨ＩＬ 2在ＳＬＥ发病中的作用。对象和方法一、对象按美国风湿病学会 1982年制定的诊断标准确诊的 4 0例ＳＬＥ患者 ,均为女性。其中活动期和非活动期各 2 0例 ,年龄 18～ 6 0岁。二、方法(1)ＩＬ 2抑制ＳＬＥ患者ＰＢＭＣ凋亡的观察 :取8ｍｌ外周静脉抗凝血 ,分离出ＰＢＭＣ后用含 10 %小牛血清的ＲＰＭＩ 16 40培养液配成 5× 10 5/ｍｌ细胞悬液 ,分成两份。其中一份培养系加入ＩＬ 2 2 0Ｕ /ｍｌ,另…     

冠心病心绞痛49例的床旁心电监护分析

目前 ,全球冠心病 (ＣＡＤ)发病率仍居高不下 ,心血管病死亡率中以ＣＡＤ居首位 ,因此加强ＣＡＤ监护治疗仍是广大医务工作者面临的重要课题。本文对我院内科 1 999 1 -2 0 0 0 8收治的ＣＡＤ患者心绞痛 49例施行床旁心电监护 ,采用美、英多参数心电监护仪 ,可提供心率、节律、ＳＴ—Ｔ、氧饱和度和血压、(ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＭＢＰ)多个监护参数值 ,并能贮存回放。本组 49例均符合ＷＨＯ关于ＣＡＤ心绞痛诊断标准 ,其中男 3 1例 ,女 1 8例 ,年龄 3 8— 82 (62岁 )合并高血压病者 2 3例。监护时间为 5 6— 1 2 0ｈ不等 ,监护中发现有重要心电…     

1α,25-二羟维生素D_3对患者PBMC分泌的IFN-α和IL-10水平的影响

目 的 探 讨 １α，２５－二羟 维生 素 Ｄ_３（１α，２５－（ＯＨ ）２Ｄ ）对 系 统性 红斑 狼 疮（ＳＬＥ）患 者 外周 血 单个 核 ３细 胞（ＰＢＭ Ｃ）分 泌的 白细 胞 介素 （ＩＬ）－１０ 和 干扰 素 （ＩＦＮ ）－α水平 的 影响 。方法 ２０ 例 ＳＬＥ 患 者和 １０ 名健 康 志愿者 ＰＢＭ Ｃ 的提 取 采 用 Ｆｉｃｏｌ密 度 梯 度 离 心 法 ，ＳＬＥ 组 和 对 照 组 在 不 加 或 加 入 １α，２５－（Ｏ Ｈ ）２Ｄ３ 的 情 况 下 孵 育 ７２ ｈ收 集培 养 上清 ，上 清液 ＩＬ－１０ 和 ＩＦＮ－α水平 检 测采 用酶 联 免疫 吸附 试 验（ＥＬＩＳＡ ）。结 果 与 正常 对 照组 相比 ，ＳＬＥ组 ＰＢＭ Ｃ 中 ＩＬ－１０ 和 ＩＦＮ－α水 平 明 显 增高 （Ｐ＜０．０１）。０．０１ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ １α，２５－（Ｏ Ｈ ）２Ｄ３ 的 加 入 明 显 抑 制 了 ＳＬＥ 组ＰＢＭ Ｃ 中 ＩＦＮ －α的 产 生 （Ｐ＜０．０１），增 加 了 ＳＬＥ 组 ＰＢＭ Ｃ 中 ＩＬ－１０ 的 产 生 （Ｐ＜０．０１），但 对 正 常 对 照 组 ＩＦＮ －α和ＩＬ－１０ 水平 无明 显 影响 。结 论 １α，２５－（ＯＨ ）２Ｄ 可 能 抑制 体外 培 养的 ＳＬＥ 患 者 ＰＢＭ Ｃ ＩＦＮ －α的产 生     

细胞因子对人脐静脉内皮细胞表达CD40和CD40L的影响

ＣＤ40 ＣＤ40Ｌ是一对互补的跨膜糖蛋白 ,在机体免疫应答中起重要作用 ,近年来的研究表明这一对配体 -受体参与了ＡＳ的发生和发展[1] 。ＡＳ的形成与发展过程中可有多种细胞因子参与和合成多种细胞因子。本文研究细胞因子γ干扰素 (ＩＦＮ γ)、肿瘤坏死因子 (ＴＮＦ)、白介素 6(ＩＬ 6)和白介素 1(ＩＬ 1)对人脐静脉内皮细胞表达ＣＤ40及ＣＤ40Ｌ的影响 ,以期揭示ＣＤ40 ＣＤ40Ｌ在ＡＳ发生中的作用地位。1　材料和方法1.1　材料　ＩＦＮ γ、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ 6、ＩＬ 1、ＣＤ40和ＣＤ40Ｌ单抗购自Ｐｈａｒｍｉｎｇｅｎ公司 ,鼠ＩｇＧＰＥ…     

羧甲基纤维素钠胶浆制备方法的比较

羧甲基纤维素钠胶浆制备方法的比较印嘉骏（江苏武进中医院，江苏２１３１６１）ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＡＲＢＯＸＹＭＥＴＨＹＬＣＥＬＬＵＬＯＳＥＳＯＤＩＵＭＭＵＣＩＬＡＧＥ￥ＹＩＮＪｉａ－Ｊｕｎ（ＷｕｊｉｎＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌｏｆ...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期患者血清白介素—8及肿瘤坏死因子—α的检测意义

慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (ＣＯＰＤ)是具有气流阻塞特征的慢性支气管炎和 (或 )肺气肿。其发病机制相当复杂。新近研究表明 ,细胞因子参与ＣＯＰＤ的发病过程。本文通过检测 30例ＣＯＰＤ急性发作期患者治疗前和治疗后血清白细胞介素 - 8(ＩＬ - 8)和肿瘤坏死因子 -α (ＴＮＦ -α)水平 ,以进一步探讨它们在ＣＯＰＤ发病中的作用。对象与方法　ＣＯＰＤ急性发作期患者 30例 ,男2 0例 ,女 10例 ,年龄 4 4～ 75岁 ,平均 5 9 5岁 ,系 2 0 0 0年 2月至 8月我院呼吸内科住院患者 ,均符合中华医学会呼吸病学分会制定的ＣＯＰＤ诊断标准〔1〕。对照组 30…     

脓毒症早期炎症因子变化与心肌损伤的相关性研究

目的　研究脓毒症大鼠早期血清中炎性因子与心肌损伤之间的相关性。方法　７２只雌性清洁级ＳＤ大鼠随机分 为假手术组（ｎ＝３６）和脓毒症组（ｎ＝３６），分别行盲肠探查术、盲肠结扎穿孔术，均于术后３、９、２４、３６、４８和７２ｈ采腹主动脉血检测 肌钙蛋白Ｉ（ｃＴｎＩ）、肿瘤坏死因子 α（ＴＮＦ α）、白细胞介素 １（ＩＬ １）水平。结果　ＴＮＦ α、ＩＬ １于３ｈ达峰值，后逐渐降低，均高于假 手术组（Ｐ＜００５）；ｃＴｎＩ于３ｈ达峰值，后逐渐降低，均高于假手术组（Ｐ＜００５）；血清ＴＮＦ α、ＩＬ １均与ｃＴｎＩ呈显著正相关。 结论　脓毒症早期炎症因子的升高与心肌损伤具有正相关性，可作为检测和诊断早期脓毒症心肌损伤的重要指标。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.