线粒体功能障碍与血管内皮损伤的研究进展

线粒体功能障碍会导致ATP的生成减少,活性氧的产生增加,被认为是血管内皮损伤的触发因素之一。许多因素与线粒体功能障碍有关,如线粒体DNA突变、线粒体融合与分裂失衡、线粒体自噬受损等。本文综述了线粒体的质量控制过程和线粒体功能障碍在血管内皮损伤中的作用机制,以期为动脉粥样硬化的有效防治提供新的思路。     

微小RNA对缺血再灌注损伤心肌线粒体作用的研究进展

心肌缺血再灌注损伤是造成心肌结构损伤、功能障碍的一种病理生理过程,进一步发展会导致级联的多器官功能障碍。线粒体是一种结构功能复杂且对外界环境反应敏感的细胞器,其稳态的维持依赖于正常形态、功能及数量的相对稳定状态。线粒体质量与代谢异常和心血管疾病尤其是心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发生密切相关。微小RNA是近年来研究较多的在缺血再灌注损伤心肌线粒体保护中具有重要作用的调控因子。本文通过微小RNA对心肌缺血再灌注损伤时线粒体形态、功能、线粒体自噬和线粒体DNA几个方面的调控机制与相关前沿进展进行综述,为微小RNA参与缺血再灌注心肌线粒体损伤的后续研究提供一定的理论依据。     

原发性高血压患者单个核细胞线粒体呼吸功能改变与血压关系的研究

目的检测原发性高血压患者单个核细胞线粒体呼吸功能,探讨外周血单个核细胞线粒体呼吸功能与血压之间的关系。方法分别纳入原发性高血压患者和对照组的健康志愿者各20例,应用 Oxygraph-2K 线粒体呼吸功能测定仪对参与者外周血单个核细胞线粒体呼吸功能进行测定,并对线粒体呼吸功能指标与血压进行相关性分析。结果原发性高血压组单个核细胞的呼吸控制比（RCR）、基态呼吸、线粒体复合物（C）Ⅰ的氧化磷酸化的能力（CⅠOXPHOS ）、CⅡOXPHOS、CⅠ＋ⅡOXPHOS、CⅠ＋Ⅱ非耦联状态下的电子传递能力（CⅠ＋ⅡETS ）明显低于对照组（P ＜0．05）,其中 RCR 与 CⅠOXPHOS同收缩压及舒张压呈负相关。结论原发性高血压患者外周血单个核细胞线粒体存在呼吸功能障碍,同时线粒体呼吸功能与血压变化相关,提示外周血单个核细胞的线粒体呼吸功能在原发性高血压发病中有一定作用。     

线粒体质量控制与心血管疾病

心肌线粒体是心脏能量代谢的主要部位,其功能障碍可导致多种心血管疾病.线粒体质量控制主要通过调控线粒体的生物发生、融合、分裂和自噬,以保证线粒体形态、数量和质量的相对稳定,以维持其结构和功能的完整性.线粒体的质量控制体系在缺血性心脏病、糖尿病性心肌病、心力衰竭、动脉粥样硬化和高血压中发挥重要作用.     

线粒体损伤及其在心肌细胞损伤中的作用

<正>重度失血、严重缺氧或酸中毒及脓毒血症均可引起心脏能量代谢障碍,使循环功能急剧减退,组织器官微循环灌流严重不足,导致重要生命器官功能、代谢严重障碍,严重影响治疗及预后,成为危重患者死亡的重要原因之一~(〔1〕)。线粒体损伤已成为心肌细胞结构损伤与功能障碍的基本环节~(〔2〕)。关于线粒体在多种致病因素导致心肌细胞损伤与功能障碍中的作用,目前认为与呼吸链酶类变化、一氧化氮(NO)释放、钙超载、线粒体     

线粒体及其蛋白质质量控制失调与动脉粥样硬化的关系

线粒体是哺乳动物细胞内重要的细胞器,作为细胞能量代谢和细胞死亡的调控中心,其功能异常会导致多种疾病的发生与发展。 线粒体功能依赖于线粒体蛋白质组的完整性和稳态,因此线粒体蛋白质质量控制系统对于维持线粒体稳态和机体健康十分重要。当线粒体及其蛋白质质量控制系统出现异常时,会直接损伤线粒体并出现异常线粒体蛋白堆积,发生细胞内环境紊乱,甚至细胞功能障碍,进而影响动脉粥样硬化性疾病的发生与发展。文章回顾了线粒体及其蛋白质质量控制系统在动脉粥样硬化性疾病发生发展中的作用,并对该领域未来的发展前景和挑战进行展望,以期为寻找与动脉粥样硬化性疾病密切相关的特异性线粒体蛋白提供线索。     

线粒体损伤与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

线粒体通过其产生能量而被视为细胞的动力源,近年在心血管疾病中的作用日益受到关注.线粒体被认为是活性氧产生、炎症、新陈代谢和细胞死亡的关键调节剂.现有证据表明线粒体DNA(mtDNA)损伤可导致线粒体功能障碍继而导致心血管疾病发生.本文对有关线粒体损伤与心血管疾病关系的新进展作一综述.     

线粒体动力学与衰老相关疾病的研究进展

线粒体动力学影响线粒体的形态和功能。随增龄线粒体动力学失衡,导致线粒体功能障碍,加速了老化进展,与衰老相关疾病的发生和发展密切相关,但目前为止,衰老和线粒体动力学之间的具体机制尚不明确。本综述分析了线粒体动力学与衰老的关系,探索了线粒体动力学对衰老相关疾病发生和发展的作用机制,旨在为研发衰老相关疾病的药物提供新的治疗靶...     

阿尔茨海默病患者线粒体功能障碍的发生机制研究进展

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是日常生活中常见的神经退行性疾病之一,其致病机制仍不明确。线粒体作为生物能量、钙信号传导和氧化还原稳态等方面发挥至关重要作用的细胞器,其功能出现障碍可导致细胞能量缺乏、细胞内钙失衡和氧化应激,从而进一步加重Aβ和Tau蛋白的影响,导致突触功能障碍、认知障碍甚至记忆丧失。随着对AD发病机制的不断深入研究,氧化应激、线粒体动力学及线粒体自噬被认为与AD的发病过程密切相关。氧化应激引起的线粒体功能障碍会进一步导致Aβ蛋白的聚集和Tau蛋白的过度磷酸化,而Aβ蛋白的聚集和高度磷酸化的Tau蛋白可损害线粒体功能,从而形成恶性循环。GTP相关的动力相关蛋白1(Drp1)表达水平异常可导致线粒体过度分裂甚至碎片化,引起线粒体功能障碍和神经元损伤,最终导致疾病的发生。线粒体自噬功能异常在AD发病中发挥着重要的作用,有多种通路介导的线粒体自噬途径参与了AD的发病,包括Aβ蛋白积聚诱导的线粒体自噬途径、氧化应激诱导的线粒体自噬途径、PINK1-Parkin通路介导的线粒体自噬途径以及受体介导的线粒体自噬途径等,均可引起异常线粒体的堆积导致线粒体功能障碍,进而诱导AD发病。     

线粒体途径保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展

线粒体是细胞能量代谢和细胞内信号传导过程的关键细胞器,参与多种复杂信号介导的细胞生存和死亡。线粒体功能障碍及由此产生的氧化应激与心肌缺血再灌注损伤密切相关,保护线粒体功能将有助于减缓心肌损伤的严重程度或进展。最近,线粒体生物学进展启发人们研制作用于线粒体的选择性靶向药物,保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤。本文就此做一综述。     

Enhancing Mitochondrial Health to Treat Hypertension

Purpose of Review

This review summarizes literature pertaining to the dawning field of therapeutic targeting of mitochondria in hypertension and discusses the potential of these interventions to ameliorate hypertension-induced organ damage.

Recent Findings

In recent years, mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of hypertension-related renal, cardiac, and vascular disease. This in turn prompted development of novel mitochondria-targeted compounds, some of which have shown promising efficacy in experimental studies and safety in clinical trials. In addition, drugs that do not directly target mitochondria have shown remarkable benefits in preserving these organelles in experimental hypertension.

Summary

Enhancing mitochondrial health is emerging as a novel feasible approach to treat hypertension. Future perspectives include mechanistic experimental studies to establish a cause-effect relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and hypertension and further clinical trials to confirm the reno-, cardio-, and vasculo-protective properties of these compounds in hypertension.

     

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the hypertensive rat brain: respiratory complexes exhibit assembly defects in hypertension

The central nervous system plays a critical role in the normal control of arterial blood pressure and in its elevation in virtually all forms of hypertension. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been increasingly associated with the development of hypertension. Therefore, we examined whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the brain in hypertension and characterized it at the molecular scale. Mitochondria from whole brain and brain stem from 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats with elevated blood pressure (190+/-5 mm Hg) were compared against those from age-matched normotensive (134+/-7 mm Hg) Wistar Kyoto rats (n=4 in each group). Global differential analysis using 2D electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry-based protein identification suggested a downregulation of enzymes involved in cellular energetics in hypertension. Targeted differential analysis of mitochondrial respiratory complexes using the classical blue-native SDS-PAGE/Western method and a complementary combination of sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation/tandem mass spectrometry revealed previously unknown assembly defects in complexes I, III, IV, and V in hypertension. Interestingly, targeted examination of the brain stem, a regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis and systemic blood pressure, further showed the occurrence of mitochondrial complex I dysfunction, elevated reactive oxygen species production, decreased ATP synthesis, and impaired respiration in hypertension. Our findings suggest that in already-hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats, the brain respiratory complexes exhibit previously unknown assembly defects. These defects impair the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This mitochondrial dysfunction localizes to the brain stem and is, therefore, likely to contribute to the development, as well as to pathophysiological complications, of hypertension.     

线粒体功能障碍在糖尿病并发症发病机制及治疗中的研究进展

线粒体功能障碍在糖尿病并发症发病机制中发挥重要作用,并且靶向线粒体功能的治疗策略在此类疾病中也越来越受重视。本课题组长期致力于探寻线粒体氧化应激、能量代谢等线粒体功能失衡与多种糖尿病并发症的联系。本文就线粒体功能障碍在糖尿病溃疡、糖尿病肾病、糖尿病并发非酒精性脂肪肝发病机制中的作用及具体分子途径进行综述,并探讨靶向线粒体功能障碍治疗上述疾病的可行性。     

Mitochondrial energy conversion disturbance with decrease in ATP production as a source of systemic arterial hypertension

This review deals with the cellular mechanisms underlying decreased energy status documented in different tissues from experimental rat models of primary and secondary hypertension as well as the involvement of these abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease. Such analyses allow us to hypothesize that dysfunction of mitochondrial energy conversion, caused by distinct stimuli, including generalized disturbances of intracellular Ca2+ handling and mitochondria calcium overload found in primary hypertension, leads to uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation and attenuated ATP synthesis. Examples of arterial hypertension accompanied by mitochondrial uncoupling and cell ATP depletion (hyperthyroidism, cold hypertension, cyclosporine A intake, etc.) may be considered as an additional argument supporting this opinion. It means also that despite of differences in triggering mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in all these models, the final outcome, i.e. decreased mitochondrial ATP production, is similar. Attenuated intracellular ATP content, in turn, results in the long-term maintenance of elevated BP by increased sympathetic outflow, whereas augmented ROS production following mitochondrial dysfunction lowers the capacity of the NO-dependent vascular relaxation. In the light of these data the cause of stationary elevated BP in chronic arterial hypertension should be regarded as a compensatory response to decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis.     

Bioenergetic variation is related to autism symptomatology

Metabolic Brain Disease - Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction but few studies have examined the relationship between mitochondrial function and ASD...     

血管内皮功能障碍与高血压

血管内皮功能障碍与高血压密切相关。一方面血管内皮功能障碍在高血压的发生、发展过程中起重要作用;另一方面高血压本身又加重血管内皮功能障碍,形成恶性循环。现综述血管内皮细胞的生理功能、血管内皮功能障碍的相关因素、血管内皮功能障碍与高血压关系、血管内皮功能检测及血管内皮功能障碍的修复等方面的研究进展。     

The Putative Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Hypertension

Hypertension is a condition associated with oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and increased vascular resistance, representing probably both a cause and a consequence of elevated levels of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. Mitochondria are important sites of ROS production, and a mitochondrial dysfunction, preceding endothelial dysfunction, might favor the development of hypertension. ROS production may also be induced by RNS, which inhibit the respiratory chain and may be generated through the action of a mitochondrial NO synthase. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins are involved in both experimental and human hypertension. Finally, an excessive production of ROS may damage mitochondrial DNA, with resultant impairment in the synthesis of some components of the respiratory chain and further ROS production, a vicious cycle that may be implicated in hypertensive states.     

The putative role of mitochondrial dysfunction in hypertension

Hypertension is a condition associated with oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and increased vascular resistance, representing probably both a cause and a consequence of elevated levels of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. Mitochondria are important sites of ROS production, and a mitochondrial dysfunction, preceding endothelial dysfunction, might favor the development of hypertension. ROS production may also be induced by RNS, which inhibit the respiratory chain and may be generated through the action of a mitochondrial NO synthase. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins are involved in both experimental and human hypertension. Finally, an excessive production of ROS may damage mitochondrial DNA, with resultant impairment in the synthesis of some components of the respiratory chain and further ROS production, a vicious cycle that may be implicated in hypertensive states.     

氧化应激相关线粒体功能障碍与支气管哮喘

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种以不同程度的气流阻塞、气道高反应性和气道炎症为特点的复杂的炎症性疾病,受到遗传和环境因素的共同影响.分子生物学、细胞学以及动物模型研究提示线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激在哮喘发病中起着重要作用.哮喘状态下,炎症细胞内活性氧自由基生成增加,线粒体功能出现障碍,同时伴随气道上皮细胞损伤,并影响气道平滑肌功能.过敏性哮喘小鼠模型研究以及利用哮喘患者的外周细胞和组织进行的研究提示,抗氧化治疗有望成为哮喘预防与治疗的有效方法.本文将主要对以下方面进行讨论:①健康状态下的线粒体结构与功能;②氧化应激与线粒体功能障碍;③肺部氧化应激的来源及中和机制;④哮喘状态下的氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍;⑤线粒体靶向抗氧化剂的研究进展.     

Extension of the mitochondria dysfunction hypothesis of metabolic syndrome to atherosclerosis with emphasis on the endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and biophysical laws

Metabolic syndrome and its component phenotypes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, (abdominal) obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, are major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Recently, associations between exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis have been established, suggesting a possible common mechanism underlying these phenomena. Extending a previously proposed mitochondria dysfunction theory of metabolic syndrome and using biophysical laws, such as metabolic scaling, Murray's law and fractal geometry of the vascular branching system, we propose that atherosclerosis could be explained as an ill‐adaptive change occurring in nutrient‐supplying arteries in response to the decreasing tissue energy demand caused by tissue mitochondrial dysfunction. Various aspects of this new hypothesis are discussed.