单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与冠心病SYN-TAX积分的关系

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipo-protein cholesterol,HDL-C)比率(monocyte to HDL-C ratio,MHR)的变化与冠状动脉病变SYNTAX评分的相关性。方法选择2015年1月至2016年12月青海省人民医院疑诊断冠心病并住院行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的患者324例为研究对象。根据SYNTAX评分进一步分为低危组(n=134)、中危组(n=105)和高危组(n=85)。收集患者的一般资料及实验室检查结果,包括空腹血糖、心肌酶、血常规、肝及肾功能、血脂等。结果高危组的MHR高于低危、中危组,中危组MHR高于低危组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。MHR随SYNTAX评分的增高逐渐递增,与SYNTAX评分呈正相关(r=0.684,P0.05)。结论 MHR与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关,可用于评价冠状动脉病变严重程度。     

非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者血清单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值与GRACE评分和SYNTAX评分相关性

目的探讨血清单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白(HDL)比值(MHR)与非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分和SYNTAX评分的关系。方法纳入2018年因胸痛在心血管内科住院治疗,并行冠状动脉造影检查证实为NSTE-ACS患者236例。根据患者入院时GRACE评分,将患者分为GRACE评分低危、中危和高危组。入院后抽取患者的血常规及血脂生化检查,比较三组之间的MHR值,采用多因素Logistic回归分析MHR值与GRACE评分的关系。对所有患者进行冠状动脉造影检查,根据患者的冠状动脉病变特点,采用SYNTAX评分,将患者分为SYNTAX评分低危、中危及高危组,比较三组之间的MHR值。结果与低危及中危组相比,GRACE评分高危组患者的MHR水平明显升高(P0.05)。MHR与GRACE评分呈线性正相关(r=0.783,P0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析显示高MHR值是GRACE评分高危的独立预测因子。SYNTAX评分高危组患者的MHR值与中危组及低危组相比无明显差异(P0.05)。结论高MHR水平与NSTE-ACS患者GRACE评分的危险分组独立且显著相关,有助于判断NSTE-ACS患者的危险分层及短期预后。     

单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与绝经后女性冠心病患者急性心力衰竭的关系

目的 探讨入院时基线水平单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)与绝经后女性冠心病患者住院期间发生急性心力衰竭(AHF)的关系。方法 入组2014年12月—2016年7月在汕头市中心医院接受冠状动脉造影术确诊为冠心病的绝经后女性180例,根据住院期间是否出现AHF分为两组:AHF组(n＝55)和对照组(n＝125)。采用Logistic回归分析MHR与AHF的关系。结果 AHF组MHR水平[0.48(0.1,0.61)]比对照组[0.35(0.3,0.44)]升高(P＝0.005)。Spearman相关分析显示MHR与左心室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(r＝－0.304,P＝0.001)。校正年龄后,MHR与LVEF仍呈负相关(r＝－0.215,P＝0.005)。MHR预测绝经后女性冠心病患者住院期间发生AHF的最佳截点是0.367 7(特异度70.6%,灵敏度59.8%,曲线下面积0.646,标准误0.048,P＝0.003,95%CI 0.551~0.740)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示绝经后女性冠心病患者住院期间发生AHF的独立危险因素包括MHR(OR 2.0,5%CI 1.141~5.743,P＝0.023)、糖尿病(OR 2.245,95%CI 1.012~4.977,P＝0.047)、脑钠肽(OR 5.518,95%CI 2.140~14.226,P＜0.001)和血清肌酐(OR 1.014,95%CI 1.001~1.026,P＝0.032)。结论 MHR是绝经后女性冠心病患者住院期间发生AHF的独立预测因子。     

单核细胞计数/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与早发冠心病的相关性分析

目的:评估单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)对早发冠心病及冠状动脉(冠脉)狭窄程度的预测价值。方法:回顾性纳入2018年10月-2019年4月于上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院住院并首次行冠脉造影检查者共232例(男性≤55岁,女性≤65岁)。收集所有入组者的基本资料、实验室数据、冠脉造影结果。将入组患者分为早发冠心病组(126例)及无冠心病组(106例);另根据Gensini评分将早发冠心病组患者分为低分组(41例)、中间分组(43例)和高分组(42例)。比较各组间资料的差异,并运用Logistic回归及ROC曲线评估MHR对早发冠心病及冠脉狭窄程度的预测价值。结果:Logistics回归分析显示,高血压、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、MHR、中性粒细胞与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(NLR)为早发冠心病的独立危险因素。Spearman相关性分析显示,MHR与Gensini评分呈正相关性(r=0.664,P0.001)。ROC曲线显示,MHR预测高Gensini评分的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.813(95%CI:0.740～0.886,P0.001),截断值为0.362,灵敏度和特异度分别为69.05%和92.86%。结论:MHR可作为早发冠心病的独立危险因素,并与冠脉狭窄程度呈正相关。     

单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与冠心病关系的探讨

目的：探讨单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,MHR）和冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系,并探讨MHR对冠心病的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析我院2013年3月至2018年6月行冠状动脉造影的患者1867例,其中非冠心病组385例、冠心病组1482例,比较两组患者MHR的差异;根据Gensini评分或SYNTAX评分进一步将冠心病组患者分为三个亚组（轻度病变组、中度病变组、重度病变组）,比较三组间MHR的差异;使用Spearman相关对MHR与冠状动脉狭窄程度进行相关性分析,多因素Logistic回归分析冠心病的独立危险因素,同时使用ROC曲线计算MHR对冠心病的预测价值。 结果：冠心病组MHR水平明显高于非冠心病组（0.53±0.30 vs 0.40±0.20,P<0.001）;冠心病三个亚组间比较显示冠状动脉病变程度越重,MHR水平越高,差异具有统计学意义（Gensini评分：0.48±0.24 vs 0.52±0.33 vs 0.59±0.31,P<0.001;SYNTAX评分：0.50±0.26 vs 0.52±0.21 vs 0.56±0.30,P<0.01）。Spearman相关分析显示,MHR水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度（Gensini评分：r=0.258,P<0.001;SYNTAX评分：r=0.216,P<0.001）呈正相关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、超敏C反应蛋白和MHR均可作为冠心病的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,当MHR诊断临界值取0.34时,其诊断冠心病的效能最高,灵敏度为77.1%,特异度为46.4%。结论 MHR与冠心病的严重程度显著相关,MHR值越大,冠状动脉狭窄程度越重;MHR临界值取0.34时,其诊断冠心病的效能最高,可作为冠心病诊断和治疗评估的检测指标。     

血清脂蛋白(a)与冠心病患者SYNTAX评分的相关性研究

目的:探讨冠心病患者血清脂蛋白(a)水平与反映冠状动脉病变严重程度的SYNTAX评分的关系。方法:回顾性分析104例行冠状动脉造影检查的冠心病患者,根据SYNTAX评分结果分为低危组(0~22分)40例、中危组(23~32分)37例和高危组(≥33分)27例,采用Spearman相关性分析和多元线性回归分析脂蛋白(a)水平与SYNTAX评分的相关性。结果:高危组脂蛋白(a)水平与中、低危组比较显著增高(4.95±1.45)vs.(4.81±1.23)vs.(4.70±1.30)mg/L(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示:高血压、糖尿病、吸烟和脂蛋白(a)与SYNTAX评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示:糖尿病、吸烟和脂蛋白(a)与SYNTAX评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:血清脂蛋白(a)水平与SYNTAX评分正相关,随着血清脂蛋白(a)水平的升高,冠状动脉病变严重程度加重,可作为判断冠状动脉病变严重程度的参考指标之一。     

冠心病患者尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值、胱抑素C与SYNTAX评分之间的相关性

目的分析冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者快速尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)与冠状动脉病变SYNTAX评分间的相关性。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院2016年10月~2017年3月收治的184例冠心病患者资料,男性122例,女性62例,年龄39~84岁,平均(56.5±10.8)岁。患者入院后行冠状动脉造影检查,参照SYNTAX冠状动脉评分系统进行评分。按照SYNTAX评分结果进行分组,低评分组(0~22分,140例)、中评分组(23~32分,34例),高评分组(≥33分,10例)。患者入院后留取晨尿检测UACR,抽取清晨空腹静脉血检测Cys-C水平。结果中评分组和高评分组UACR水平明显高于低评分组,高评分组Cys-C水平明显高于低评分组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。SYNTAX评分与Cys-C、UACR呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.12、0.31(P0.05)。通过多元线性回归分析,Cys-C(β=0.212,P=0.031)、UACR(β=0.212,P0.001)是SYNTAX评分的影响因素。结论冠心病患者尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值、胱抑素C与SYNTAX评分之间存在正相关关系,均为SYNTAX评分的影响因素。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死QRS波终末变形与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者心电图QRS波终末变形与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法根据入院心电图将STEMI患者(n=80)分为QRS波终末变形阳性(3级缺血)组、QRS波终末变形阴性(2级缺血)组。两组均行冠状动脉介入治疗,以冠状动脉病变狭窄程度SYNTAX评分,分为高分组(≥22分)、低分组(22分)。结果 3级缺血组29例、2级缺血组51例,其中高分组27例、低分组53例。3级缺血组SYNTAX评分明显高于2级缺血组,差异有统计学意义[(20.2±8.3)分vs.(13.5±6.8)分,P0.001)]。高分组心电图3级缺血现象明显多于低分组,差异有统计学意义(50.4%vs.20.9%,P0.001)。多因素回归分析显示,3级缺血(P0.001)、年龄(P=0.017)、糖尿病(P=0.014)、前壁心肌梗死(P=0.012)是冠状动脉病变SYNTAX评分高的独立预测因素。结论 QRS波终末变形阳性可能与冠状动脉病变严重程度相关。3级缺血冠心病患者冠状动脉SYNTAX评分高可能有助于解释3级缺血与预后差的联系。对STEMI患者以心电图3级缺血来预测冠状动脉高SYNTAX评分,可能有助于选择最合适的血运重建策略。     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值与TIMI危险评分的相关性分析

目的探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)病人单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值(MHR)和心肌梗死溶栓疗法(TIMI)危险评分的相关性。方法选取2016年1月—2018年6月在空军军医大学唐都医院行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的STEMI病人111例作为STEMI组,另选取50例冠状动脉造影正常的病人作为对照组,STEMI组病人根据TIMI危险评分分为高TIMI危险评分组和低TIMI危险评分组。采用Spearman相关系数评估MHR与STEMI病人TIMI危险评分的相关性。结果 STEMI组病人MHR明显高于对照组(2.23±0.97与1.75±0.46,P=0.002),而且高TIMI危险评分组MHR明显高于低TIMI危险评分组(2.45±1.08与1.84±0.57,P=0.006)。在多元逻辑回归分析中,MHR是STEMI和高TIMI危险评分独立预测因子(P0.05)。相关分析显示,STEMI病人MHR与TIMI危险评分呈明显正相关(r=0.476,P0.001)。高TIMI危险评分STEMI病人MHR截断值为2.415,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析敏感性为43.05%,特异性为87.19%,ROC曲线下面积=0.668,95%CI(0.564,0.867),P=0.003。结论 MHR与STEMI病人TIMI危险评分具有明显相关性,可能成为STEMI病人院内、院外心血管事件的独立预测因素。     

淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值与稳定型冠心病严重程度的关系

目的探讨淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值(lymphocyte/monocyte ratio,LMR)与稳定型冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)严重程度的相关性。方法本研究纳入2017年1月至2018年12月山东大学齐鲁医院200例计划行冠状动脉造影的稳定型冠心病患者及110例冠状动脉正常的患者。采用SYNTAX评分评估冠状动脉粥样硬化的严重程度。对LMR与稳定型冠心病严重程度进行相关分析。结果稳定型冠心病组患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板分布宽度、尿酸浓度明显高于正常组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而LMR明显低于正常组患者,差异有统计学意义(4.33±1.30 vs.6.47±0.72,P<0.001)。高SYNTAX积分(SxS≥32)组患者LMR较低SYNTAX积分(SxS<32)组低,差异有统计学意义(3.11±1.22 vs.5.21±0.73,P=0.011)。Logistic多重回归分析提示,LMR降低是稳定型冠心病患者高SYNTAX评分的独立危险因素(OR=0.683,95%CI:0.321~0.922,P=0.030)。结论LMR与稳定型冠心病患者的SYNTAX评分呈负相关,可作为一个评估稳定型冠心病严重程度的经济而易于测量的实验室指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.