核因子-κB对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导THP-1源性泡沫细胞ATP结合盒转运子A1表达的影响

目的:探讨核因子-κB(NF-κB)对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导THP-1源性泡沫细胞ATP结合盒转运子A1(ABCA1)表达的影响及在胆固醇流出中的作用。方法:THP-1源性泡沫细胞分别给予10-5mol/LAngⅡ(AngⅡ组)、10μmol/LNF-κB特异性抑制剂TPCK预孵(TPCK组)。采用夹心酶联免疫分析法检测泡沫细胞内NF-κB的活化程度。通过透射电镜和荧光分光光度计、酶化学法,检测泡沫细胞内胆固醇含量的变化。利用闪烁计数法测量泡沫细胞内胆固醇流出率。用逆转录-聚合酶链反应法和免疫印迹法半定量分析泡沫细胞ABCA1的表达。结果:TPCK组NF-κB活化核易位则无明显高峰,维持在较低的水平。TPCK组泡沫细胞内胆固醇含量较AngⅡ组降低24.1%(P<0.05),胆固醇流出率较AngⅡ组显著升高41.1%(P<0.05),ABCA1mR-NA和蛋白表达较AngⅡ组升高30%和19%(P<0.05)。结论:AngⅡ可经NF-κB介导下调THP-1源性泡沫细胞ABCA1的表达,致泡沫细胞内胆固醇流出减少,增加泡沫细胞内胆固醇含量,加速动脉粥样硬化。     

脂多糖和甲基磺酰苯丙氨酰氯甲酮对巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞内胆固醇流出和ATP结合盒转运体A1表达的影响

目的观察脂多糖和核因子κB抑制削甲基磺酰苯丙氨酰氯甲（tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl-ketone，TPCK）对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞内胆固醇流出和ATP结合盒转运体A1（ABCA1）表达的影响，以探讨脂多糖是否通过Toll样受体4-核因子κB途径影响ABCA1的表达。方法THP-1细胞经佛波酯诱导转化为巨噬细胞，再加入ox-LDL培养使其转化为泡沫细胞，     

血管生成素1通过LXRα途径调节THP-1源性泡沫细胞ABCA1、ABCG1表达及胆固醇流出

目的观察血管生成素1(Ang-1)通过LXRα调节THP-1源性泡沫细胞三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)、ABCG1表达和胆固醇流出。方法 160 nmol/L佛波酯诱导人THP-1单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞,50 mg/L氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)共孵育,使其荷脂形成泡沫细胞,常规体外培养细胞;实验分为对照组和Ang-1处理组;液体闪烁计数仪检测细胞胆固醇流出水平,高效液相色谱检测细胞内脂质成分,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测ABCA1、ABCG1表达;LXRα激动剂T0901317或抑制剂GGPP分别处理THP-1源性泡沫细胞。结果Ang-1显著抑制THP-1源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出,下调ABCA1、ABCG1表达;LXRα激活剂拮抗Ang-1对ABCA1、ABCG1表达及胆固醇流出的抑制作用。结论 Ang-1可能通过抑制LXRα表达,降低ABCA1和ABCG1表达水平,减少THP-1源性泡沫细胞内胆固醇流出。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对脂多糖处理THP-1源性泡沫细胞ABCA1的影响及其机制研究

目的观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对脂多糖(LPS)处理的THP-1源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出及其ABCA1活性的影响,并探讨其机制。方法建立THP-1源性泡沫细胞模型,加入不同浓度LPS进行炎性刺激。在LPS刺激前1 h,加入不同浓度EGCG预处理。MTT法检测EGCG处理后细胞存活性。油红O染色观察细胞脂质蓄积。高效液相色谱法检测细胞胆固醇流出水平。实时定量PCR和Western blot法检测细胞内mRNA和蛋白质水平。EMSA检测细胞NF-κB活性。结果 EGCG预处理对细胞存活率不产生影响。不同浓度LPS处理细胞后,脂质蓄积增多胆固醇流出减少,而EGCG预处理减轻了脂质蓄积并且增加胆固醇流出率。LPS处理能够抑制细胞内ABCA1 mRNA和蛋白水平,而EGCG预处理能够显著衰弱LPS的抑制作用。LPS刺激后NF-κB活性增加,而EGCG预处理能够降低LPS诱导的NF-κB活性。结论 EGCG能够通过抑制NF-κB活性,来降低LPS对THP-1源性泡沫细胞ABCA1的抑制作用,促进细胞内胆固醇的流出。     

薯蓣皂苷元对THP-1巨噬细胞ABCA1表达及胆固醇流出的影响

目的　探讨薯蓣皂苷元（Dgn）对巨噬细胞ATP结合盒转运体A1（ABCA1）表达及其介导胆固醇流出的影响。方法　用Dgn或结合ABCA1小干扰RNA（siRNA）处理THP-1源性巨噬细胞24　h后,Western　blot检测ABCA1蛋白水平,HPLC检测胞内总胆固醇（TC）、游离胆固醇（FC）及胆固醇酯（CE）含量,液体闪烁计数仪检测胞内胆固醇流出,油红O染色观察胞内脂滴情况。结果　Dgn呈浓度依赖性上调巨噬细胞ABCA1的表达,促进胞内胆固醇流出,降低胞内TC、FC和CE含量,抑制胞内脂质蓄积和泡沫细胞形成。而ABCA1　siRNA与Dgn共处理细胞后,明显抑制Dgn促胆固醇流出作用,胞内脂质蓄积和泡沫细胞形成明显加剧。结论　Dgn通过促进巨噬细胞ABCA1表达和胆固醇流出,抑制胞内脂质蓄积和泡沫细胞形成。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α对泡沫细胞胆固醇流出及ATP结合盒转运子A1表达的影响

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）对泡沫细胞胆固醇流出途径的影响及可能作用机制.方法采用人组织瘤细胞-1（THP-1）细胞诱导分化形成的泡沫细胞,测定TNF-α与细胞胆固醇流出的时间、浓度关系.然后给予饱和浓度的TNF-α刺激,随机将泡沫细胞分成对照组、TNF-α组、对甲苯磺酰L-苯丙氨酸甲基甲酮（N-α-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethy ketone,TPCK）组及TPCK＋TNF-α组,以RT-PCR法、Western blot法测定细胞ATP结合盒转运子A1（ABCA1）的表达.结果TNF-α抑制细胞胆固醇流出呈时间、浓度效应,在10.0 ng/ml时,TNF-α抑制胆固醇流出达到饱和效应.10.0 ng/ml TNF-α刺激后以时间依赖方式下调ABCA1表达.TPCK预孵育后可部分逆转TNF-α对ABCA1表达的下调.结论炎症因子TNF-α可通过抑制ABCA1的表达而减少细胞胆固醇的流出,核因子κB（NF-κB）激活抑制剂TPCK可逆转TNF-α的上述影响,提示TNF-α抑制ABCA1表达与NF-κB激活有关.TNF α/NF-κB信号途径可抑制泡沫细胞的胆固醇流出,从而加重细胞内胆固醇的蓄积。     

黄芪多糖在动脉粥样硬化发展过程中保护性作用的研究

目的:通过研究黄芪多糖(APS)对肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导的人急性单核白血病细胞(THP-1)源性泡沫细胞胆固醇流出率、细胞内总胆固醇含量以及细胞膜上脂质流出通道ATP-结合盒转运子A1(ABCA1)表达水平的影响,探讨APS在动脉粥样硬化发展过程中的保护作用。方法:将培养的THP-1源性巨噬细胞分为4组:对照组、单纯TNF-α组、TNF-α+APS组和单纯APS组。分别用RT-PCR法、Western blotting法检测ABCA1的mRNA及蛋白表达水平,闪烁计数法计算胆固醇流出率,酶化学法检测细胞内脂质含量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测核因子-κB(NF-κB)的水平。结果:单纯TNF-α组ABCA1的mRNA和蛋白表达量、胆固醇流出率显著低于对照组(P<0.01),细胞内总胆固醇含量、NF-κB的水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而单纯APS组与对照组在上述指标上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与单纯TNF-α组比较,TNF-α+APS组ABCA1的mRNA和蛋白表达量、胆固醇流出率显著升高(P<0.01),细胞内总胆固醇含量、NF-κB的水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:APS能够使泡沫细胞ABCA1的表达及胆固醇流出率上升,而细胞内总胆固醇含量显著下降,并能够减弱泡沫细胞中NF-κB的活化水平。这些发现提示APS能够拮抗TNF-α对于ABCA1的下调作用,从而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用。     

白细胞介素4对THP-1巨噬细胞三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1表达和胆固醇流出的影响

目的探讨白细胞介素4(IL-4)对人类单核细胞株THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达及细胞内胆固醇流出的影响及机制。方法 THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞加入不同浓度的IL-4,处理不同时间,以及加入肝X受体α(LXRα)激动剂T0901317处理后,采用半定量RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测细胞ABCA1及LXRαmRNA和蛋白质的表达,采用油红O染色观察细胞内脂质蓄积情况,使用液体闪烁计法检测细胞内胆固醇流出,采用高效液相色谱法检测细胞内总胆固醇、游离胆固醇和胆固醇酯的量。结果 IL-4能呈浓度和时间依赖性地降低THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1表达(P0.05),并减少细胞内胆固醇流出。加入T0901317后能使IL-4对ABCA1的抑制作用减弱(P0.05)。结论 IL-4能抑制THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1的表达及胆固醇的流出。LXRα激活能逆转IL-4对ABCA1的抑制作用。     

肝X受体激动剂T0901317对脂多糖诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞炎性因子释放的影响及其机制

目的 观察肝X受体激动剂T0901317对脂多糖诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞炎症因子释放的影响,并探讨其机制.方法 160 nmol/L佛波酯孵育THP-1巨噬细胞24h后分为四组:对照组、脂多糖组、T0901317组和脂多糖+T0901317组,酶联免疫吸附法检测培养液中炎症因子含量.LipofectarnineTM2000转染ATP结合盒转运子A1(ABCAl) siRNA,定量PCR检测细胞ABCA1、ABCG1和Toll样受体4(TLR4)的mRNA表达,Western blot检测ABCA1、ABCG1、TLR4和核因子κB (NF-κB) p65的蛋白表达.结果 T0901317抑制脂多糖诱导的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)释放,促进THP-1巨噬细胞ABCA1和ABCG1表达;转染ABCA1 siRNA后,ABCA1的蛋白表达明显下降,T0901317对炎症因子的抑制作用明显减弱;T0901317下调TLR4和核内NF-κB的表达.结论 T0901317抑制脂多糖诱导的炎症反应,可能与其促进膜转运体ABCA1表达,抑制膜受体TLR4和转录因子NF-κB的表达有关.     

小檗碱调节肝X受体α去乙酰化促进THP-1

目的 观察小檗碱对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ATP结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达及其细胞内胆固醇流出的影响,并探讨肝x受体α(LXR-α)去乙酰化在此过程中的作用.方法 用不同浓度的小檗碱(0、5、10、20 μmol/L)处理THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞24 h,或以20 μmol/L小檗碱处理THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞不同的时间(0、6、12、24 h).采用Western Blot检测ABCA1、LXR-α和乙酰化LXR-α的蛋白表达,液体闪烁计数法观察细胞内胆固醇的流出,高效液相色谱法测定细胞内胆固醇浓度.结果 与对照组比较,小檗碱呈浓度(0～20 μmol/L)和时间依赖性(0～24 h)上调巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1的表达和下调乙酰化LXR-α的表达,增加THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞内胆固醇的流出,减少细胞内胆固醇的含量.上述效应在20 μmol/L小檗碱处理THP-1巨噬细胞24 h后达到最大值.结论 小檗碱能上调THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1的表达,并促进细胞内胆固醇流出,这种效应与调节LXR-α乙酰化有关.     

CYP1A1 , GSTM1 , GSTT1 and NQO1 polymorphisms and colorectal adenomas in Japanese men

AIM: To investigate the role of functional genetic poly-morphisms of metabolic enzymes of tobacco carcinogens in the development of colorectal adenomas. METHODS: The study subjects were 455 patients with colorectal adenomas and 1052 controls with no polyps who underwent total colonoscopy in a preretirement health examination at two Self Defense Forces hospitals. The genetic polymorphisms studied wereCYP1A1*2A (rs 4646903), CYP1A1*2C (rs 1048943), GSTM1 (null or non-null genotype), GSTT1 (null or non-null genotype) and NQO1 C609T (rs 1800566). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or PCR method using genomic DNA extracted from the buffy coat. Cigarette smoking and other life-style factors were ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. The associations of the polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas were examined by means of OR and 95%CI, which were derived from logistic regression analysis. Statistical adjustment was made for smoking, alcohol use, body mass index and other factors. The gene-gene interaction and effect modification of smoking were evaluated by the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: None of the five polymorphisms showed a significant association with colorectal adenomas, nor was the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 . A borderline significant interaction was observed for the combination of CYP1A1*2C and NQO1 (P = 0.051). The OR associated with CYP1A1*2C was significantly lower than unity among individuals with the NQO1 609CC genotype. The adjusted OR for the combination of the CYP1A1*2C allele and NQO1 609CC genotype was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.42-0.91). Although the interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.24), the OR for individuals carrying the CYP1A1*2C allele and GSTT1 null genotype decreased significantly compared with those who had neither CYP1A1*2C allele nor GSTT1 null genotype (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.97). Smoking did not modify the associations of the individual polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas. There w     

Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands

Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.     

Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism.

The polypeptide cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) affects nearly every tissue and organ system. IL-1 is the prototype of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in that it induces the expression of a variety of genes and the synthesis of several proteins that, in turn, induce acute and chronic inflammatory changes. IL-1 is also the prototypic "alarm" cytokine in that it brings about increases in a variety of defense mechanisms, particularly immunologic and hematologic responses. Most studies on the biology of IL-1 have been performed in animals, but human subjects have recently been injected with recombinant IL-1 and the results confirm the two fundamental properties of IL-1 as being both a mediator of disease as well as of host defense. However, in either situation, over or continued production of IL-1 leads to debilitation of normal host functions; therefore, reduction of IL-1 synthesis or its effects becomes a target of therapy in many diseases. In this review, the structure, gene expression, synthesis, and secretion of IL-1 are described. In addition, the two IL-1 surface receptors, possible signal transduction mechanisms, various biologic activities, and production of IL-1 during disease states are discussed. Similarities and differences between IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-6 are presented. Although various agents for reducing the synthesis and/or for antagonizing the effects of IL-1 have been proposed, the recent cloning of a naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) has opened new experimental and clinical approaches. The ability of this IL-1ra to block the triggering of IL-1 receptors in animals without agonist effects has reduced the severity of diseases such as hemodynamic shock, lethal sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, experimental arthritis, and the spontaneous proliferation of human leukemic cells.     

Trib1 and Evi1 cooperate with Hoxa and Meis1 in myeloid leukemogenesis

Cooperative activation of Meis1 and Hoxa9 perturbs myeloid differentiation and eventually leads myeloid progenitors to leukemia, yet it remains to be clarified what kinds of subsequent molecular processes are required for development of overt leukemia. To understand the molecular pathway in Hoxa9/Meis1-induced leukemogenesis, retroviral insertional mutagenesis was applied using retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. The mice that received Hoxa9/Meis1-transduced bone marrow cells developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and Trib1, Evi1, Ahi1, Raralpha, Pitpnb, and AK039950 were identified as candidate cooperative genes located near common retroviral integration sites. Trib1 and Evi1 were up-regulated due to retroviral insertions, and coexpression of these genes significantly accelerated the onset of Hoxa9/Meis1-induced AML, suggesting that Trib1 and Evi1 are the key collaborators. Furthermore, Trib1 by itself is a novel myeloid oncogene, enhancing phosphorylation of ERK, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis. These results demonstrate the importance of specific oncogene interaction in myeloid leukemogenesis.     

1-Naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine as metabolites of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.     

甲型H1N1与季节性H1N1流感病毒血凝素基因比较分析

目的分析泰安市2008～2009年度季节性流感与2009年度甲型H1N1流感病原学检测结果 ,比较季节性H1N1与甲型H1N1血凝素基因变异情况。方法选择国家级流感监测哨点医院以及暴发疫情的疫点,采集流感样病例的鼻咽拭子标本,通过RealtimePCR进行病毒检测,用MDCK细胞进行病毒分离,通过RT-PCR扩增血凝素HA1片段的基因并测序,利用生物信息学进行序列分析。结果 2008～2009年共检测鼻咽拭子标本283份,分离出流感病毒33株,分离阳性率为11.67%,其中季节性H1N1亚型31株。2009年5月1日～12月31日,检测鼻咽拭子标本996份,流感核酸检测阳性417份,阳性率为41.86%,其中甲型H1N1337份,季节性H1N1亚型1份。6株季节性H1N1病毒均在多个氨基酸位点上发生变异,与疫苗株A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)比较,有11个位点发生了突变,其中5个位点位于抗原决定簇上;测序成功的6株甲型H1N1病毒在多个氨基酸位点发生变异,与疫苗株A/California/07/2009(H1N1)比较,有6个位点发生突变,其中1个位点位于抗原决定簇的B区。结论 2008～2009年度季节性H1N1为优势株,甲流暴发后,甲型H1N1成为绝对优势毒株。季节性H1N1分离株有多处氨基酸替换,抗原决定簇B区变异频繁;甲型H1N1病毒分离株的基因有变异,但关键位点第222位仍为D(天冬氨酸),与疫苗株相比抗原决定簇的关键位点变化不大。     

GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis

OBJECTIVE: In this study we have analyzed GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), to investigate a possible role of these genes as genetic components of the disease. METHODS: A total of 103 individuals (49 oligoarticular, 41 polyarticular and 13 systemic) were analyzed for the three polymorphisms, using a PCR/RFLP methodology. RESULTS: We have observed significantly increased frequencies of individuals with GSTT1 null genotype in JIA patients comparing to controls (37% x 21%; p=0.0183). There was a 2-fold increased risk (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.1) associating the disease with the GSTT1 null genotype. Considering the subgroups (oligoarticular, polyarticular and systemic), the results indicated an association between polyarticular and systemic patients and the GSTT1 null genotype. There was a 2-fold increased risk for polyarticular patients (OR 2.4, 95%, CI 1.1-5.4), and a 4-fold increased risk for systemic patients (OR 4.4, 95%, 1.3-14.5). CONCLUSION: The GSTT1 null genotype seems to be involved in polyarticular and systemic JIA.     

Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 genotypes and rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1, and GSTP on risk and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Korean population. METHODS: A total of 258 patients with RA and 400 disease-free controls were enrolled. GST genotypes were determined by RFLP-PCR. HLA-DRB 1 typing and further subtyping of all alleles was performed using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization after PCR. Severity of RA among cases was assessed by Steinbrocker anatomical stage. Risk was assessed by calculating the age and sex adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The OR for risk of RA with the GSTM1-null genotype was 1.40 (95% CI 1.02- 1.92, p = 0.04), and 1.86 (95% CI 1.12- 3.09, p = 0.005) among individuals without the shared epitope (SE). Among patients with RA, the OR for risk of severe RA for the GSTM1-null genotype was 2.45 (95% CI 1.04- 5.77, p = 0.02). No association was observed between the GSTT1 or GSTP1 genotypes and either risk or severity of RA. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the deletion polymorphism of GSTM1 is associated with increased susceptibility for RA, particularly among individuals who are not carriers of the HLA-DRB 1 SE.