心内直视手术中去白细胞血灌注液对心肌的保护作用

目的 评价心内直视手术期间使用滤除白细胞的血液灌注液对心肌的保护效果。方法 ３０例择期行心脏瓣膜替换术的患者，ＡＳＡⅡ～Ⅳ级，均采用芬太尼－安氟醚复合麻醉，以４℃高钾晶体液灌注停跳，据第二次灌注液成份不同随机分为３组，每组１０例；晶体 组（ＣＳ）、全血组（ＷＢ）和去白细胞血（ＬＤ）组，于肝素化前，ＣＰＢ开始５ｍｉｎ，主动脉开放前５ｍｉｎ，开放后３０ｍｉｎ、１ｈ、２ｈ、２４ｈ采取外周动脉血测定ＣＫ－ＭＢ、ＩＬ－８、ＴＮＦα浓度，于主动脉阻断前、开放前、开放后１５ｍｉｎ取右心房心肌标本，测定心肌含水量和心肌组织Ｃａ＾２＋含量和心肌组织Ｃａ＾２＋含量，观察心肌组织超微结构改变，对心肌线粒体变化进行半定量评价。结果 开放主动脉后，每组ＣＫ－ＭＢ、ＩＬ－８水平较开放前明显升高，开放后２ｈ升高更明显（Ｐ〈０．０５），但ＬＤ     

大承气颗粒剂和清胆灵对胆胰疾病所致全身性炎症反应的影响

目的：探讨大承气颗粒剂和清胆灵对胆胰疾病所致全身性炎症反应的影响。方法：对６６例急腹症病人进行前瞻性研究；将内毒素血症期、ＳＩＲＳ和ＭＯＤＳ患者分别按病种及ＡＰＡＣＨＥ－Ⅱ评分，分层随机分为综合安慰组和综合中药组，对后者根据病种使用大承气颗粒剂或清胆灵；动态观察血ＬＰＯ、ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－６、内毒素等的变化。结果：内毒素血症期，综合中药组第１ｄＬＰＯ及第３ｄ内毒素降低，用清胆灵１ｄ后ＬＰＯ降低（Ｐ〈０．０５），第３ｄ有降低趋势；ＳＩＲＳ阶段，大承气颗粒剂或并用清胆灵于用药３、７ｄ能显著降低急性胰腺炎或胆道感染伴结石者ＬＰＯ、内毒素（Ｐ〈０．０５），第３ｄ大承气颗粒剂并清胆灵能降低胆道感染伴结石者ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦα（Ｐ〈０．０５）；ＭＯＤＳ阶段，大承气颗粒剂用药３、７ｄ分别降低内毒素、ＴＮＦα（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论     

蛋白激酶A在转化生长因子β-1刺激增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖中的作用

目的：探讨蛋白激酶Ａ在转化生长因子－β１（ＴＧＦ－β１）刺激增生性瘢痕和正常人皮肤皮纤维细胞（ＨＳ＿ＦＢ和ＮＳ－ＦＢ）增殖中的信号转导作用。方法：利用＾３２Ｐ掺入底物法测定ＨＳ－ＦＢ和ＮＳ－ＦＢ的ＰＫＡ活性;使用直接计数法和ＭＴＴ法测定ＴＧＦ－β１和ｃＡＭＰ、Ｈ７等刺激两种细胞后增殖能力的变化。结果：ＮＳ－ＦＢ被ＴＧＦ－β１刺激后ＰＫＡ的活性短暂升高后很快恢复（３０ｍｉｎ内,但Ｐ〉０．０５）。ＨＳ－ＦＢ则在３０～６０ｍｉｎ降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,１ｈ后恢复;ＨＳ－ＦＢ的ＰＫＡ活性比ＮＳ－ＦＢ低（但Ｐ〉０．０５）。ＴＧＦ－β１能强烈刺激两种细胞增殖（３０ｍｉｎ后Ｐ〈０．０５）,对ＨＳ－ＦＢ的刺激作用更强（刺激６０ｍｉｎ后Ｐ〈０．０５）。ｃＡＭＰ可抑制两种细胞增殖（６０ｍｉｎ后Ｐ〈０．０５）,Ｈ７有拟ＴＧＦ－β１的刺     

大面积烧伤休克期切痂对全身炎症反应综合征的防治

目的探讨休克期切痂对全身炎症反应综合征（ＳＩＲＳ）的作用。方法临床观察８１例烧伤患者，根据切痂植皮的时间不同分成休克期切痂组（Ａ组）及非休克期切痂组（Ｂ组）。结果Ｂ组术前及术后ＳＩＲＳ发生率均高于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），且切痂前、后血浆内毒素（ＬＰＳ）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）、白介素－６（ＩＬ－６）及白介素－８（ＩＬ－８）含量居高不下，显著高于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），Ａ组ＳＩＲＳ并发症的发生率明显低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），死亡率也明显降低。结论休克期切痂可以在一定程度上控制早期主要炎性介质的大量释放，减少ＳＩＲＳ及其并发症的发生，对预防ＭＯＤＳ的发生和发展有一定意义     

白细胞介素1β、肿瘤坏死因子α在膝关节原发性骨关节病发病中的作用

目的探讨白细胞介素１β（ＩＬ－１β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦ－α）在膝关节原发性骨关节病（ＯＡ）发病中的作用。方法提取１６例ＯＡ患者（ＯＡ组）、５例对照者（非ＯＡ组）的关节液,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ法）测定ＩＬ－１β,生物活性法（ＭＴＴ法）检测ＴＮＦ－α的水平。结果在ＯＡ组关节滑液中,ＩＬ－１β的水平均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０００１）;对照组的ＴＮＦ－α未能测出,而ＯＡ组ＴＮＦ－α的检出阳性率为２５％。其次,为进一步探讨滑液中上述细胞因子的产生来源,传代培养膝关节滑膜细胞并用脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）刺激,ＯＡ组（２０例）关节滑膜细胞自发分泌ＩＬ－１β的水平显著高于对照组（５例）,Ｐ＜００５;ＬＰＳ刺激的条件下,ＯＡ组和对照组分泌ＩＬ－１β均显著升高,尤以ＯＡ组为著（Ｐ＜０００１）;ＴＮＦ－α在ＯＡ组中仅有两例呈阳性,对照组中均为阴性。结论ＩＬ－１β和ＴＮＦ－α在骨关节病的发病中起重要作用。ＯＡ患者滑膜细胞高水平自发性分泌ＩＬ－１β可能与其炎症发生与发展密切相关,可能是关节滑液中ＩＬ－１β的主要来源,而滑膜细胞分泌ＴＮＦ－ａ可能不是关节滑液中的主要来源。     

别嘌呤醇对体外循环期间氧自由基及内毒素的影响

选取瓣膜置换术患者２２例分为两组；Ａ组（ｎ＝１０）术前３天口服ＡＬＬＯ每天１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ／；Ｂ组（ｎ＝１２）为对照组。结果表明 Ｂ组血 ＬＰＯ和 ＵＡ在 ＣＰＢ期间均明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）和（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ａ组血ＬＰＯ和ＵＡ也升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），但却显著低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；同时Ｂ组血ＬＰＳ含量在开放主动脉及其后１０’明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．００１），而Ａ组血ＬＰＳ含量在ＣＰＢ期间无明显升高。提示ＣＰＢ期间ＯＦＲ及ＬＰＳ含量均升高，ＡＬＬＯ可抑制二者的上升。     

地氟醚预处理对缺血／再灌注心肌的保护作用

目的 探讨地氟醚预处理抗心肌缺血／再灌注损伤作用及其可能机制,方法 ２０例心肌瓣膜置换术病人随机分为地氟醚观察组与芬太尼对照组,观察血浆过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）水平,红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活化,心脏指数（ＣＩ）,每搏指数（ＳＩ）,肌酸激酶同工酶（ＣＫ－ＭＢ）心肌细胞形态变化及开放主动脉后心脏复跳情况。结果 观察组再灌注后血浆ＬＰＯ与ＣＫ－ＭＢ浓度显著低于对照组,红细胞ＳＯＤ活性相对大于对照组,     

地塞米松对创伤性急性肺损伤家兔肿瘤坏死因子-α的干预作用

目的 探讨地塞米松（Ｄｅｘ）对创伤性急性肺损伤（ＡＬＩ）治疗作用的可能机制。方法 采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）、酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测２４只大耳白兔肺组织肿瘤坏死因子－α基因（ＴＮＦ－αｍＲＮＡ）表达及肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）培养上清液中肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）、白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－６水平。结果 创伤性ＡＬＩ兔肺组织ＴＮＦ－αｍＲＮＡ表达及ＡＭ培养上清液中ＴＮＦ－α,ＩＬ－６含量较正常对照组比较明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ｄｅｘ治疗后能显著下调ＴＮＦ－αｍＲＮＡ的表达（６８％,Ｐ〈０．０１）,降低ＡＭ分泌ＴＮＦ－α（Ｐ〈０．０５）及ＩＬ－６水平（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 Ｄｅｘ能缓解创伤性ＡＬＩ的发生、发展。其机制与其对ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－６等炎性介质的调节作用密切相关。     

大鼠局部创伤一周内组织中TNF、MDA和SOD变化

我们测定了大鼠局部皮肤切除后创面自然愈合过程中，肉芽组织内肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量的动态变化，以探讨它们在创伤修复中的变化或相互关系。结果表明：伤后３、５、７天，ＴＮＦ、ＳＯＤ呈Ｖ型改变，ＴＮＦ含量第７天与第５天、ＳＯＤ含量第７天与第３天有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＭＤＡ含量逐渐升高，第７天与第３无比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。相关性检验表明：ＴＮＦ与ＭＤＡ各时间点均呈显著正相关。ＴＮＦ与ＳＯＤ在伤后３、７天呈显著正相关。ＴＮＦ含量＜９０ｎｇ／ｇ蛋白时创面愈合最佳，ＳＯＤ低浓度时创面愈合延缓。提示：在局部创伤修复过程中存在ＴＮＦ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ的变化；内源性低浓度ＴＮＦ及抗氧化能力的提高，对创面修复是有益的。     

辽宁绝经妇女骨密度与绝经年限、体重关系研究

目的　研究绝经年限、体重对辽宁地区绝经后女性不同部位骨密度的影响。方法　测定共９６ 例绝经后妇女腰椎（Ｌ２～４）、股骨颈（Ｎｅｃｋ）、大转子（Ｔｒｏｃｈ）、Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区的ＢＭＤ,同时测定了血ＡＬＰ、血尿钙、肌肝（Ｃｒ）等指标,分析其相互关系。结果　１． 绝经后妇女各部位的ＢＭＤ 不同。２．Ｌ２～４的ＢＭＤ与体重（Ｗ ）、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。与绝经年限的自然对数（ＰＦＮＬ）、ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。３．Ｎｅｃｋ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。４．Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ 呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ及ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。５． 大转子区骨密度与体重、血小板、转氨酶呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　体重、绝经年限、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ、血小板及血ＡＬＰ能影响骨密度。     

Growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during mouse prostate development in situ, in renal grafts, and in vitro

BACKGROUND: In vitro organ culture and renal grafting of the urogenital sinus (UGS) have both been used as models of prostate development. However, neither has been rigorously examined for its fidelity to replicate the canonical process of prostate differentiation in situ. METHODS: We assessed size, morphology, histology, and the mRNA expression of differentiation marker genes of the E14 male mouse UGS grown for 0-28 days as sub-renal capsule allografts in nude mice or in culture containing androgen and compared these to UGS development in situ. RESULTS: Development of grafted tissues was morphologically and histologically similar to development in situ but differentiation occurred more rapidly. UGS growth in organ culture resulted in bud formation, but did not trigger cellular differentiation. However, the potential for differentiation was maintained and could be rescued by grafting tissues into nude mice. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro organ culture and renal grafting of UGS tissues may be appropriate models for studying prostatic bud formation, but only grafting is an appropriate model for prostatic differentiation.     

Distribution, elimination, and action of d-tubocurarine in neonates, infants, children, and adults

The relation of plasma concentration of d-tubocurarine (dTc) to neuromuscular blockade, and the distribution and urinary excretion of dTc was determined in neonates (n = 4), infants (n = 6), children (n = 8), and adults (n = 8). The plasma concentration-time course curves to 24 hr are best described for all groups by three-compartment models. Both neonates and infants exhibit decreased plasma clearance (CLP), 1.1 +/- 0.08 and 1.0 +/- 0.06 ml X kg-1 X min-1, and in addition a prolonged t1/2 terminal phase, 311 +/- 44 and 306 +/- 35 (mean +/- SEM, min). The neonates' 24-hr urinary excretion, 27 +/- 2 (mean +/- SEM, % total dose) is significantly less than the adult value, 45 +/- 4% total dose. There was no significant difference seen in the log plasma concentration-evoked compound electromyogram (ECEMG) response between 20-80% paralysis for adults, children, infants, and five of the seven neonates studied. Two of the neonates had a significant shift of their log concentration-response curve to the right. There was also no significant difference between any of the groups in the time for 50% return of ECEMG stimulus height or the time required for recovery of the ECEMG from 25 to 75% of control value. for recovery of the ECEMG from 25 to 75% of control value.     

Heparin, protamine, and ionized calcium in vitro and in vivo

The possibility that hypotension associated with protamine or heparin might be related to changes in levels of serum ionized calcium values was determined by in vitro and in vivo studies in dogs. In vitro protamine did not decrease serum calcium levels, but heparin did in a dose-dependent fashion. The reduction ranged from 7% with 10 units/ml of heparin to 20% with 100 units/ml of heparin. Ionized calcium concentrations initially decreased by heparin were restored toward control levels by our increasing the dose of protamine, indicating that the electrostatic attraction between protamine and heparin molecules is stronger than that between heparin and ionized calcium. Despite significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate, clinical doses of protamine did not decrease ionized calcium in vivo. Although the results of the in vitro study suggested that heparin-induced hypocalcemia might occur in vivo, in vivo heparin caused neither a decrease in ionized calcium nor hypotension. The reduction of ionized calcium by heparin might have been rapidly compensated for in vivo. The results indicate that hypotension due to protamine or heparin is unlikely to be related to changes in serum ionized calcium levels.     

Oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and sperm abnormalities in ex-addict to heroin, morphine, and hashish

A 40-year-old male had been addicted to heroin, morphine, hashish, and other narcotics for 12 years. At examination, 2 years after abstinence from drugs, his semen analysis revealed oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa such as "round-headed" and "kinked"--sperm with neck abnormalities and immature forms. There was no evidence of other morphological abnormalities or of the presence of morphologically normal sperm. A possible correlation is discussed between the long-lasting drug addiction and morphological sperm abnormality, endocrinological function, karyotype, and immunological status.     

Transcapillary exchange and retention of fluoride,strontium, EDTA,sucrose, and antipyrine in bone

Summary The extractions of⁸⁵Sr²⁺,¹⁸F⁻, sucrose-¹⁴C, EDTA-⁵¹Cr, and antipyrine-¹⁴C in bone were determined by the multiple indicator-dilution method. Fluoride and strontium extractions were 18 to 70% during a single transcapillary passage, and those of EDTA and sucrose were from 11 to 59%, whereas extraction of antipyrine was 87%. Injections of⁸⁵Sr²⁺ and¹⁸F⁻ made when perfusion was done alternately with blood and plasma resulted in similar fractional extractions. When flow and extraction were measured simultaneously, extraction was related inversely to flow.