HSD与多巴胺伍用对初进高原大鼠失血性休克合并肺水肿的治疗作用

目的　探讨高渗氯化钠右旋醣酐 (7.5 %NaCl 6 ?xtran4 0 ,HSD)与多巴胺 (DA)合用对初进高原大鼠失血性休克合并肺水肿的的治疗效果。方法　初进高原SD大鼠 4 2只 ,复制失血性休克合并肺水肿模型。实验分为非处理组、失血性休克合并肺水肿对照组、乳酸林格氏液对照组 (4ml kg ,LR)、HSD单用组(4ml kg)、多巴胺单用组 (2mg kg ,DA)和HSD与DA合用组 ,每组 7只动物。观察给药后 15、30、6 0和 12 0分钟时相点大鼠血流动力学指标变化、30分钟和 12 0分钟大鼠血气指标变化以及 12 0分钟大鼠肺脑含水量变化。结果　HSD或DA单用可显著升高休克合并肺水肿大鼠血压 (MAP)、左心室内压 (LVSP)和左室内压最大变化速率 (±dp dtmax)等血流动力学指标 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,改善部分血气指标如pH值、[HCO3- ]、血氧饱和度 (O2 sat)和降低肺、脑含水量。二者合用效果优于两者单用。结论　HSD与DA伍用有较好的改善高原失血性休克合并肺水肿的血流动力学指标 ,改善血气指标和减轻肺水肿的作用 ,可作为治疗高原休克合并肺水肿的早期救治措施之一。     

观察HSAD对高原大鼠失血性休克合并肺水肿的疗效

目的　探讨小剂量高渗氯化钠 /醋酸钠 /右旋糖酐 4 0 (5 %氯化钠 /3.5 %醋酸钠 /6 %右旋糖酐4 0 ,HSAD)溶液对初进高原大鼠失血性休克合并肺水肿的治疗作用。方法　初进高原 (西藏拉萨海拔 36 5 8米 )SD大鼠 71只 ,戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉 ,维持血压在 5 0mmHg(6 .6 7kPa) ,加油酸 (5 μl/1 0 0gwt,iv) 1小时 ,复制失血性休克合并肺水肿模型 (正常对照组不放血不给油酸 )。第一部分实验 35只大鼠随机分为 5组 (每组 7只 ) :正常对照组、单纯失血性休克组、失血性休克合并肺水肿组、平衡盐液治疗组、HSAD治疗组。观察治疗后 1 5、30、6 0分钟和 1 2 0分钟的血流动力学指标变化 ,以及 30分钟和 1 2 0分钟的血气指标变化以及 1 2 0分钟肺脑含水量变化。第二部分实验 36只大鼠 ,观察HSAD对失血性休克合并肺水肿大鼠存活时间的影响。结果HSAD(4ml/kg)可显著提升失血性休克合并肺水肿大鼠平均动脉压 ,改善其左室内压 (LVSP) ,左室内压最大变化速率 (±dp/dtmax)和动脉血气指标 ,降低肺脑含水量 ,明显延长动物存活时间 ;而等容量平衡盐液无明显疗效。结论　HSAD有较好的治疗高原失血性休克合并肺水肿的作用。     

75g/LNaCl/65gL右旋糖酐抗高原创伤失血性休克大鼠的作用

目的　探讨质量浓度为 75g LNaCl 质量浓度为 6g L右旋糖酐 (HSD)对高原 (西藏拉萨高原现场 )创伤失血性休克的急救作用及其量效关系。方法　初进高原大鼠 4 4只 ,分为等渗盐水对照组 (11只 ) ,HSD 4ml kg、6ml kg、8ml kg治疗组 (各 11只 ) ,动物用戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉 ,右侧股骨粉碎性骨折加放血 (45mmHg维持 70分钟 )复制创伤失血性休克模型 ,观察静脉一次输注上述几个剂量HSD对创伤失血性休克大鼠血流动力学指标和动物存活时间的影响 ,以等渗盐水作对照。结果　一次性静脉输注HSD 4 ,6,8ml kg均能显著升高休克大鼠左室内压 (LVSP)、改善包括平均动脉压 (MAP)、左室内压最大变化速率 (±dp dtmax)、心肌最大收缩速度 (Vpm)、心肌收缩向量环面积 (Lo)在内的血流动力学指标 ,维持时间超过 2小时 ,延长休克动物的存活时间 ,治疗组 6ml kg和 8ml kg较 4ml kg效果更好。结论　HSD 4～ 8ml kg对高原创伤失血性休克大鼠有较好的早期急救作用 ,剂量以 6～ 8ml kg较为合适。     

精氨酸血管加压素对大鼠失血性休克的作用

目的 观察精氨酸血管加压素(AVP)对大鼠失血性休克的作用.方法 采用大鼠失血性休克模型,经股动脉和左心室插管分别测定平均动脉血压(MAP)和血流动力学指标,同时观察大鼠24小时存活率变化.实验分为正常对照组、休克组、休克 AVP(0.1U/kg)组和休克 AVP(0.4U/kg)组.休克组在休克2小时后输注2倍失血量乳酸林格氏液(LR);休克 AVP(0.1U/kg)组和休克 AVP(0.4U/kg)组在2倍量的LR中分别加入AVP(0.1U/kg)和(0.4U/kg)输注.结果 失血性休克后大鼠MAP明显降低,2倍量的LR输注可少量升高MAP,分别加以AVP(0.1U/kg)和(0.4U/kg)输注,MAP明显增加;休克后大鼠血流动力学参数包括左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室压力上升或下降的最大速率(±dp/dtmax)明显降低,AVP(0.1U/kg)和(0.4U/kg)可以明显改善其血流动力学指标,明显提高24小时存活率.结论 小剂量AVP具有明显的抗大鼠失血性休克的作用.     

HAD抗大鼠高原创伤失血性休克的作用

目的：探讨7.5%高渗醋酸钠/6%右旋糖酐-40(HAD)对高原创伤失血性休克的急救作用及其量效关系。方法：初进高原大鼠26只，分为生理盐水对照组（7只），HAD4ml/kg治疗组（6只），HAD6ml/kg治疗组（6只）和HAD8ml/kg治疗组（7只），动物戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉，右侧股骨粉碎性骨折加放血（血压6.0kPa维持1h）复制创伤失血性休克模型，观察一次性静脉输注上述几个剂量HAD对创伤失血性休克大鼠血液动力学指标和动物存活时间的影响，以生理盐水作对照。结果：一次性静脉输注4ml/kg，6ml/kg，8ml/kgHAD均能显著提升休克大鼠血压，改善血液动力学指标，同时明显延长动物的存活时间，其中以6ml/kg，8ml/kgHAD效果较好，两者间无显著差异。结论：HAD4ml/kg-8ml/kg对高原创伤失血性休克大鼠有较好的急救作用，剂量以6ml/kg较为合适。     

ICI174,864抗大鼠创伤失血性休克作用与肾上腺髓质的关系

目的　探讨δ阿片受体特异性拮抗剂ICI174 ,86 4对创伤失血性休克大鼠血流动力学指标的影响及其与肾上腺髓质的关系。方法　复制大鼠创伤失血性休克模型 ,观察侧脑室给ICI174 ,86 4后对血压(MAP) ,左室内压 (LVSP) ,左室内压最大变化速率 (±dp/dtmax)等血流动力学指标的影响及摘除肾上腺髓质对ICI174 ,86 4作用的影响。结果　ICI174 ,86 4 (5 0 μg,2 0 μl)侧脑室给药可显著改善创伤失血性休克大鼠的MAP、LVSP、±dp/dtmax等血流动力学指标。摘除肾上腺髓质可使ICI174 ,86 4的上述作用消失。结论　δ阿片受体特异性拮抗剂ICI174 ,86 4对创伤失血性休克心血管功能指标有较好的改善作用 ,ICI174 ,86 4的这一作用与肾上腺髓质密切相关 ,有赖于肾上腺髓质的完整性。提示ICI174 ,86 4的抗休克作用可能与肾上腺髓质分泌的儿茶酚胺有关。     

芦荟多糖对高原重度创伤失血性休克大鼠的治疗效果

目的：探讨芦荟多糖（AP）对高原重度创伤失血性休克大鼠的治疗效果。方法：初进高原30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组：乳酸林格氏液组（LR,10只）;芦荟多糖组（AP50,AP100各10只）。实验中持续监测平均动脉血压（MAP）,并在放血前（T0）、休克1 h（T3）、复苏1 h末（T5）、2 h末（T7）测动脉血气,记录大鼠生存时间和4 h生存率。结果：AP可显著提升重度创伤失血性休克大鼠MAP,改善动脉血气指标,明显延长动物存活时间。结论：AP有较好的治疗高原重度创伤失血性休克的作用,且AP 100μg/ml是相对较好的剂量。     

缺血预适应对失血性休克大鼠的保护作用研究

目的目的观察缺血预适应对失血性休克大鼠的保护作用。方法采用失血性休克复苏大鼠,观察缺血预适应对大鼠存活、血管收缩反应、血流动力学[平均动脉压（MAP）、左室收缩压（LVSP）、左室舒张末压（LVEDP）、左室压最大上升/下降速率（±dp/dtmax）、心率（HR）]、肝肾灌注和线粒体功能的影响。结果缺血预适应可延长失血性休克复苏大鼠存活时间,恢复血管对去甲肾上腺素（NE）和Ca2＋的反应性,恢复MAP、LVSP、LVEDP、±dp/dtmax、HR、NE升压效应,增加肝肾血流量、线粒体呼吸控制率和Na＋-K＋-三磷酸腺苷（ATP）酶活性（P〈0.01）。结论缺血预适应恢复血管收缩反应,改善血流动力学、血流灌注和线粒体功能,从而延长失血性休克复苏大鼠存活时间。     

精氨酸血管加压素联合去甲肾上腺素治疗大鼠非控制性失血性休克

目的 研究精氨酸血管加压素(arginine vasopressin,AVP)联合去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)对非控制性失血性休克(uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock,UHS)大鼠的治疗效果.方法 制作UHS大鼠模型,按随机数字表法分为3组:1/2(17.5 ml/kg)、1/4(8.75 ml/kg)失血量乳酸林格液(LR)组及无LR输注组.每组又分为6个亚组:AVP 0.04 U/kg组(AVP1组)、AVP 0.4 U/kg组(AVP2组)、NE 3μg/kg组(NE组)、AVPl+NE组、AVP2+ NE组和LR对照组,每组10只.观察AVP、NE单用或联合应用分别配合不同剂量LR后对UHS大鼠存活时间和血流动力学的影响. 结果 与AVP、NE、AVP+ NE不配合液体输注或配合1/2失血量LR输注比较,AVP2+ NE配合1/4失血量LR输注对UHS大鼠主动脉血压(main artery pressure,MAP)维持较好,同时延长了存活时间并提高4h存活率.止血后显著提高了UHS大鼠存活时间和24h存活率,提高了MAP、左心室收缩压(left intraventricular systolic pressure,LVSP)、左心室压力上升或下降的最大速率(±dp/dtmax)等血流动力学指标. 结论 在出血控制前AVP(0.4 U/kg)+NE(3μg/kg)配合1/4失血量LR液体联合输注可为UHS大鼠确定性治疗赢得时间并提高后续治疗的效果.     

不同量万汶对初进高原失血性休克大鼠的复苏效果

通常对高原失血性休克早期复苏多采用乳酸林格氏液（LR）。万汶属新一代胶体液羟乙基淀粉（HEs）,具有扩容效应好、持续时间长、体内无蓄积、肾毒性小等优点。本文旨在通过观察不同量万汶对高原失血性休克大鼠复苏后MAP动脉血指标和生存时间比较,来探讨万汶的复苏效果。作者选取初进高原（海拔3780m）SD大鼠30只,体重250g-300g,     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.