泰山区新型农村合作医疗制度实践与探讨

农村合作医疗是按照参加者互助共济的原则，为农村人口提供基本医疗服务的医疗保障制度。作为新时期农村卫生工作的重要内容，建立新型合作医疗制度是实践三个代表重要思想的重要体现，对提高农民健康水平，促进农村经济发展，维护社会稳定具有重要意义。多年来，泰安市泰山区从自身实际出发，因地制宜，不断探索，农村合作医疗制度逐步完善。     

试论行政沟通理论在建立新型农村合作医疗制度中的应用

坚持以自愿为原则，建立新型农村合作医疗制度是一项复杂的社会系统工程。农村居民对于参加农村合作医疗的积极性不高，甚至有着一定的抵触情绪，仍然是不少地区建立新型合作医疗制度的最大阻力之一。该文认为，可以借用行政沟通的理论与方法，不断增进政府及其合作医疗管理机构与农村居民之间的行政沟通，改善沟通效果，提高农民参加新型合作医疗的积极性，促进新型合作医疗制度的建立和普及。     

在全省新型农村合作医疗试点工作会议上的讲话

这次会议是省政府决定召开的一次重要会议。对于加快全省建立新型农村合作医疗制度，推动农村卫生体制改革与发展，提高农民健康水平，全面建设小康社会具有重要意义。下面，我就贯彻落实温家宝总理的讲话精神和全国新型农村合作医疗试点工作会议精神，加快建立新型农村合作医疗制度，讲几点意见。     

新型合作医疗制度的可持续发展分析

“因病致贫”和“因病返贫”现象的普遍存在成了农村脱贫的巨大障碍，国家不得不再一次尝试在农村建立新型合作医疗制度。然而，在此之前国家已经有两次尝试“恢复和重建”农村合作医疗制度均告失败。本文主要指出合作医疗制度必须有一个经济上的支柱。农民个人不能承受巨大风险，集体经济已经解体，所以政府的重视和负责到底成了这一制度成败与否的关键，在此基础上本文提出了新型农村合作医疗制度可持续发展的一些对策。     

关于新型农村合作医疗工作的几点建议

工作实践使我们深刻体会到：实施新型合作医疗制度仍是帮助农民抵御大病风险的有效途径，是保护农村劳动力，增加农民收入的重要措施。但建立新型农村合作医疗制度，毕竟是一种制度和机制创新，结合工作实际，我们建议在工作中应做好以下几点：     

加强监管 确保新型合作医疗资金的安全使用

新型合作医疗制度建设，是农村卫生工作的切入口、突破口和核心所在。推进新型合作医疗制度建设的关键，在于具体的实施，而实施的重点问题，则是合作医疗基金的筹集、使用与管理。近年来，我们结合浦东新区的实际情况，在推进新型合作医疗制度，尤其在如何筹集基金、使用好资金、管理好基金方面，作了有力的探索与实践，形成了规范运作的态势，稳步提高了郊区居民健康保障水平。     

新型农村合作医疗保障制度的政策建议

一、建立新型农村合作医疗制度的必要性。为适应社会主义市场经济发展的需求，解决农民因病致贫、返贫问题，2002年10月，中共中央、国务院在《关于进一步加强农村卫生工作的决定》中明确提出，要在全国农村“逐步建立新型农村合作医疗制度”，到2010年实现在全国建立基本覆盖农村居民的新型合作医疗制度的目标。建立新型农村合作医疗制度，解决好广大农村人口的医疗保健问题，不仅是新形势下广大农民的迫切要求，而且也是关系到21世纪中国农村经济发展和社会稳定的大问题。     

完善农村合作医疗制度的构思

党的十四届三中全会指出：在建立社会主义市场经济体制中，卫生部门的主要任务是保障人民健康，以促进经济发展和社会稳定。我国卫生工作的重点在农村，因此，适应社会主义市场体制的要求，完善农村合作医疗制度是做好我国卫生工作的关键问题之一。一、完善农村合作医疗的基本构想(一）建立健全各级合作医疗领导组织合作医疗制度是我国农村卫生工作的重要组成部分。合作医疗涉及到政府的多个部门，为加强领导，统一协调，应成立由国务院领导任组长，卫生部、国家体改委、国家计委、财政部、农业部、民政部、计生委、劳动部和国家教委等有关…     

关于建立湛江市新型农村合作医疗制度初探

建立新型农村合作医疗制度是当前完善农村医疗保障制度的最佳选择。本文结合湛江市农村合作医疗制度的实际情况,根据当前存在的问题,对建立湛江市新型农村合作医疗制度作初步探讨。     

关于推进泉州市新型农村合作医疗制度的几点思考

建立以大病统筹为主的新型农村合作医疗制度，是新形势下党中央、国务院为切实解决“三农”问题，统筹城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展的重大举措，对于提高农民健康保障水平，减轻农民医疗负担，有效缓解农民“看病难”、“看病责”问题，加快社会主义新农村建设、全面建设小康社会步伐具有重要意义。本人认真分析了泉州市新型农村合作医疗制度实施现状和当前存在的困难与问题以及相应的对策。泉州市在实施新型农村合作医疗制度取得了阶段性成效，但仍须从深层次进行剖析当前所面临的困难与问题，在财政投入、制度完善、稳定筹资机制、规范医疗管理等方面下功夫，才能促进新型农村合作医疗制度健康稳定向前推进，     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.