2型糖尿病并发高血压患者内皮功能的血浆生物指标的变化

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者并发高血压时内皮细胞损伤或功能紊乱的血浆生物指标的变化。方法测定31例糖尿病并发高血压患者、35例单纯糖尿病患者和32例正常人血压、空腹血糖、血浆甘油三酯、胆固醇、血栓调节蛋白(Tm)、一氧化氮(NO)、vW因子水平。统计学方法用t检验和直线相关分析。结果2型糖尿病并发高血压患者收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、血浆甘油三酯、胆固醇、Tm和vW因子高于正常人(P<0.01),NO低于正常人(P<0.01)。单纯糖尿病患者空腹血糖、血浆甘油三酯、胆固醇、Tm和vW因子高于正常人(P<0.01或P<0.05)。糖尿病并发高血压患者收缩压、舒张压、血浆甘油三酯、胆固醇、Tm和vW因子高于单纯糖尿病患者(P<0.01或P<0.05),NO低于单纯糖尿病患者(P<0.01)。2型糖尿病患者Tm与收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯、胆固醇和vW因子呈正相关(r=0.353、r=0.324、r=0.257、r=0.265、r=0.404,P<0.01或P<0.05),vW因子与收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯和胆固醇呈正相关(r=0.329、r=0.289、r=0.254、r=0.256,P<0.01或P<0.05),NO与收缩压、舒张压、Tm及vW因子呈负相关(r=-0.432、r=-0.402、r=-0.415、r=-0.467,P<0.01)。结论2型糖尿病合并高血压患者存在内皮细胞损伤或功能紊乱,其高血压的发生发展可能与血管内皮细胞的损伤或功能紊乱相关。     

高血压病人血浆线粒体偶联因子6的变化

目的观察健康人及高血压患者血浆中线粒体偶联因子6 (mitochondrial coupling factor 6,CF6) 的含量变化.方法用放射免疫法检测血浆CF6的含量.结果健康成人血浆CF6含量为206±32 pg/ml(n=50),单纯原发性高血压患者升高为265±58pg/ml(n=52),高血压并发心绞痛患者为293±47 pg/ml(n=10),高血压并发心肌梗死患者为324±53 pg/ml(n=15),高血压并发心力衰竭患者为327±44 pg/ml(n=14),均比健康成人显著升高(P<0.01);和单纯高血压患者比较,高血压并发心肌梗死患者和高血压并发心力衰竭患者血浆CF6的水平明显升高(P<0.01);高血压并发心绞痛患者与单纯高血压患者比较,没有显著差异(P>0.05).高血压并发心肌梗死患者与高血压并发心力衰竭患者CF6含量相近 (P >0.05).高血压并发心肌梗死患者在发生心肌梗死入院即时、以及梗死后一天、三天、七天时血浆CF6含量持续于高水平,但各时间点间没有显著差异(P>0.05).结论原发性高血压以及高血压性心脏病患者的血浆CF6含量明显升高,并与病情严重程度相关.     

2型糖尿病患者血浆TGF-β1和PAI-1与动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨血浆转化生长因子(TGF-β1)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1(PAI-1)与2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法利用彩色多普勒超声技术检测62例2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)及粥样斑块的形成,将其分为IMT增厚组、斑块形成组和单纯糖尿病组.应用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测其TGF-β1和PAI-1血浆含量,同时以28例健康人作为对照组.结果①2型糖尿病各组血浆TGF-β1和PAI-1含量均较对照组显著升高(均P<0.01);IMT增厚组血浆TGF-β1、PAI-1含量较单纯糖尿病组显著升高(P<0.05),斑块形成组血浆TGF-β1含量较IMT增厚组显著降低(P<0.05),PAI-1含量较IMT组显著升高(P<0.05).②2型糖尿病患者血浆TGF-β1与PAI-1呈正相关(r=0.24,P<0.05);PAI-1与IMT呈正相关(r=0.396,P<0.01).结论2型糖尿病患者血浆TGF-β1和PAI-1的继发性改变在糖尿病动脉粥样硬化发生发展中起重要作用.     

偶测血压正常的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者动态血压监测的临床意义

监测36例偶测血压正常的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的24小时动态血压,与38例健康对照组比较,并将糖尿病组分为糖尿病心血管自主神经病变组(16例)及非糖尿病心血管自主神经病变组(20例).结果与对照组相比,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的平均24小时、白昼、夜间收缩压明显增高(P<0.01),平均24小时、夜间舒张压明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),而平均白昼舒张压无明显变化(P>0.05);收缩压及舒张压的夜间血压下降百分率均明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)糖尿病的心血管自主神经病变组与非心血管自主神经病组相比,夜间收缩压下降百分率明显降低(P<0.01),而夜间舒张压下降百分率无明显变化(P>0.05).结论在Ⅱ型糖尿病患者中,动态血压的监测较偶测血压更易发现夜间血压异常患者的血压昼夜节律改变与是否合并糖尿病自主神经病变有密切关系.     

糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆心肌营养素-1的变化及作用

目的探讨糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆心肌营养素1(CT1)的变化及作用。方法应用生物素链霉亲和素酶联免疫吸附测定法(BSAELISA)测定35名正常健康人、25例2型糖尿病患者及57例2型糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆CT1水平。结果3组间血浆CT1水平差异有显著性,糖尿病伴高血压组血浆CT1水平(269.3±65.3)pg/mL显著高于2型糖尿病组(99.5±27.2)pg/mL及正常对照组(31.5±9.7)pg/mL(P<0.001);2型糖尿病组高于正常组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示血浆CT1水平与收缩压(r=0.660,P<0.001)、舒张压(r=0.428,P<0.001)、甘油三酯(r=0.403,P<0.001)、载脂蛋白B(r=0.335,P<0.001)、载脂蛋白A(r=0.189,P<0.001)、总胆固醇(r=0.183,P<0.05)、低密度脂蛋白(r=0.171,P<0.05)相关。多元逐步回归分析发现影响血浆CT1水平的最显著因素为收缩压、舒张压及载脂蛋白B。结论糖尿病患者血浆CT1水平升高表明糖尿病发生发展过程中已开始有心血管病变的进行,糖尿病伴高血压患者更为明显。     

老年高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸的变化及意义

目的测定老年高血压患者及正常人血浆同型半胱氨酸水平,评价血浆同型半胱氨酸水平在高血压发病中的意义.方法收集101例高血压患者(收缩压大于140 mmHg,舒张压大于90 mmHg)及60例健康人血液标本,采用荧光标记免疫检测法测定血浆同型半胱氨酸水平;放射免疫检测法测定血浆维生素B12及叶酸水平.结果高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸主要分布在8 mmol/L以上,范围在5.72～15.38 mmol/L之间;健康人主要分布在8 mmol/L以下,范围在4.92～8.42 mmol/L之间.高血压患者平均血浆同型半胱氨酸水平较健康人明显升高(P<0.001),而平均血浆维生素B12及叶酸水平比对照组均明显下降(P<0.001).对照组及病例组维生素B12、叶酸与同型半胱氨酸水平均呈显著负相关(P<0.01或P<0.001).结论同型半胱氨酸水平升高可能是原发性高血压的原因之一,机制可能为动脉壁的弹性纤维降解增加,使动脉血管的顺应性降低.     

糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆心肌营养素-1的变化及作用

目的探讨糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆心肌营养素-1(CT-1)的变化及作用.方法应用生物素-链霉亲和素酶联免疫吸附测定法(BSA-ELISA)测定35名正常健康人、25例2型糖尿病患者及57例2型糖尿病伴高血压患者血浆CT-1水平.结果3组间血浆CT-1水平差异有显著性,糖尿病伴高血压组血浆CT-1水平(269.3±65.3)pg/mL显著高于2型糖尿病组(99.5±27.2)pg/mL及正常对照组(31.5±9.7)pg/mL(P＜0.001);2型糖尿病组高于正常组(P＜0.05).Pearson相关分析结果显示血浆CT-1水平与收缩压(r=0.660,P＜0.001)、舒张压(r=0.428,P＜0.001)、甘油三酯(r=0.403,P＜0.001)、载脂蛋白B(r=0.335,P＜0.001)、载脂蛋白A(r=0.189,P＜0.001)、总胆固醇(r=0.183,P＜0.05)、低密度脂蛋白(r=0.171,P＜0.05)相关.多元逐步回归分析发现影响血浆CT-1水平的最显著因素为收缩压、舒张压及载脂蛋白B.结论糖尿病患者血浆CT-1水平升高表明糖尿病发生发展过程中已开始有心血管病变的进行,糖尿病伴高血压患者更为明显.     

糖尿病患者血浆肌酐水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度相关

为探讨糖尿病患者血浆肌酐水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系,对91例糖尿病患者进行冠状动脉造影、Leaman冠状动脉计分及血浆肌酐水平测定,并对有冠状动脉病变患者(伴冠心病组)的血浆肌酐水平与Leaman冠状动脉计分作相关分析.结果发现,伴冠心病组血浆肌酐水平(114.0±28.6 μmol/L)明显高于非冠心病组(80.5±25.2 μmol/L)(P<0.01).伴冠心病组血浆肌酐水平与Leaman冠状动脉计分呈正相关(r=0.64,P<0.01),糖尿病合并高血压亚组血浆肌酐与Leaman冠状动脉计分也呈正相关(r=0.81,P<0.01).此结果提示血浆肌酐水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度相关,可通过测定血浆肌酐水平来估测糖尿病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度.     

2型糖尿病和冠心病患者血浆促酰化蛋白水平的研究

目的:测定2型糖尿病和冠心病患者血浆促酰化蛋白(ASP)水平,探讨血浆ASP与体重指数、血脂的相关关系.方法:实验分3组:正常对照组47例、糖尿病组63例、冠心病组62例,记录每例被试对象的年龄、性别、身高、体重、血压,并计算体重指数(BMI).酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)检测血浆ASP浓度,免疫比浊法检测血脂等生化指标.结果:①糖尿病组、冠心病组ASP水平明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).②ASP与体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B100呈显著正相关(分别为r=0.32,P＜0.01;r=0.24,P＜0.01;r=0.19,P＜0.01;r=0.35,P＜0.01;r=0.10,P＜0.05;r=0.29,P＜0.01;r=0.32,P＜0.01).③多元逐步回归分析:载脂蛋白B100、体重指数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和舒张压最终进入方程,它们是影响血浆ASP水平的重要因素,其中载脂蛋白B100的作用最大.结论:ASP参与了糖尿病和冠心病患者脂质代谢紊乱的发生,血浆ASP水平可能作为估价糖尿病患者发生心血管疾病危险性的新指标.     

老年单纯收缩期高血压患者24 h平均脉压与心功能的关系

目的探讨老年单纯收缩期高血压患者24 h平均脉压与心功能的关系. 方法选择老年单纯收缩期高血压患者72例,应用动态血压监测技术测定24 h平均脉压,放射性核素心血池显像技术测定左心室收缩与舒张功能. 结果 24 h平均脉压与左心室射血分数(r=-0.46,P<0.01)、高峰充盈率(r=-0.41,P<0.05)呈负相关,平均脉压越大,心功能越差(P<0.05). 结论老年单纯收缩期高血压患者心脏功能与24 h平均脉压呈负相关,脉压可作为心功能受损的预测因子之一.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.