冠心病患者的患病行为及其影响因素分析

目的 了解冠心病患者对自身疾病的认知、行为现状及异常患病行为的影响因素.方法 采用"患病行为问卷"对97例冠心病住院患者进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析.结果 心理取向异常的患者占38.1%,疾病确信因子异常者占47.4%,疑病指数异常者占45.4%,影响患病行为的主要影响因素有年龄、文化程度和自觉工作紧张程度.结论 护士应重视冠心病惠者的患病认知教育,正确处理与病感异常患者的关系,特别是做好年龄较大、文化程度较高、自觉工作紧张患者的健康教育和心理护理.     

273名护士“患病行为”的调查分析

目的:了解综合医院护士对自身疾病的认识,其行为的现状及工龄对患病行为的影响。方法:采用"患病行为问卷"对280名临床护士进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷273份,数据录入SPSS11.0进行统计分析。结果:疾病信念异常者占27.8%,心理取向异常者占8.4%,疾病确信因子异常者占13.2%,疑病指数异常者占15.0%。不同工龄段的护士的心理取向和疑病指数两因子存在统计学差异,工龄在16年及其以上的护士心理取向低于4～8年和9～15年组,工龄在9～15年组的护士疑病指数高于1～3年组,均具有统计学差异。结论:护士应重视对自身疾病的正确认识,年轻护士要加强疾病、心理和精神卫生方面知识的学习,情绪和病感异常的护士要注意适当减轻工作压力,调整好自己的心理状态。     

高血压患者认知与遵医行为相关因素调查分析

目的了解高血压患者认知与遵医行为状况及其相关因素,为临床治疗、健康教育和护理提供依据,并制定有利于高血压控制的护理对策。方法采用问卷调查法,对300例住院高血压患者进行高血压认知和遵医行为调查,并分析其影响因素。结果本组患者中,对高血压的认知与遵医行为好的118例占39.3%,差的182例占60.7%,执行最差的是定期随访,最好的为遵医嘱长期服药;年龄、文化程度、医疗费支付方式、家庭支持和经济收入、工作及生活环境等均对患者的认知和遵医行为有影响。结论高血压患者对疾病的认知和遵医行为不甚理想,医护人员应重视、加强高血压患者的健康教育,并注意结合其年龄、文化程度、家庭支持等特点,以达到提高高血压控制率,降低其致残、致死率。     

百色市壮族人群高血压病人认知与遵医行为的调查分析

[目的]了解广西壮族自治区百色市壮族人群高血压病人认知与遵医行为状况,为治疗、护理提供依据.[方法]采用问卷调查法,对398例百色市居民壮族人群高血压住院病人进行高血压认知和遵医行为调查,并分析其影响因素.[结果]本组病人中,对高血压的认知好112例占28.14%,差的286例占71.86%;遵医行为好的109例占27.39%,差的289例占72.61%;年龄、文化程度、居住地域对高血压认知有影响;病人对疾病的认知程度、家庭经济收入、医疗费支付方式对病人的遵医行为有影响.[结论]百色市壮族人群高血压病人对疾病的认知和遵医行为不理想,医护工作者应高度重视、加强壮族人群高血压病人的健康教育,以达到提高高血压控制率,降低其致残和致死率.     

妇科住院患者患病行为问卷调查及分析

目的 探讨妇科住院患者的患病行为特点。方法 使用患病行为问卷,对33例妇科住院患者进行问卷测定。结果 (1)妇科住院患者的患病行为不受年龄影响,不同年龄的患病行为问卷10因子均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)不同学历的患病行为问卷调查10因子比较,仅情感压抑因子在乙组与丙组间比较差异有显著性(t=2.401361 0.01相似文献   

高血压患者低盐饮食认知行为调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解高血压患者低盐饮食的认知及行为状况,探讨其影响因素,为临床护士实施健康教育提供依据.方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷,对133例高血压患者低盐饮食认知及行为状况进行调查.结果 患者低盐饮食认知部分(4.39±3.03)分,得分率43.91%,行为部分(5.78±2.59)分,得分率57.82%;其中对钠盐生理作用的认知及每日食盐摄入量用固定器具量化的行为得分率最低,分别为27.82%、37.59%.多元线性回归分析结果显示:患者文化程度和职业是影响其低盐饮食认知及行为的主要因素(P<0.01 或P<0.05).结论 高血压患者对低盐饮食的认知水平偏低,行为处于中等水平.应加大健康教育深度和广度,提升患者的认知水平及行为能力,并根据患者的文化程度、职业状况,实施相应的健康教育方式.     

前列腺增生住院患者患病行为及影响因素调查

目的 了解前列腺增生住院患者患病行为状况及影响因素,以期更好地指导临床工作.方法 采用“患病行为问卷”,对105名前列腺增生住院患者进行问卷调查.结果 共发放调查问卷105份,回收有效问卷100份,有效回收率为95.2％.前列腺增生患者心理取向、疾病确信和疑病指数得分分别为（1.66±1.01）,（5.82±2.15）,（5.82 ±2.47）分.43.0％的患者心理取向异常,39.0％的患者疾病确信因子异常,36.0％的患者疑病指数异常.多元逐步回归分析结果表明,文化程度是心理取向的影响因素（P＜0.05）,自理程度以及是否合并其他慢性病是疾病确信的影响因素（P＜0.05）,锻炼频率是疑病指数的影响因素（P＜0.05）.结论 医护人员应加强疾病宣教,主动地帮助患者宣泄负性情绪,积极治疗.鼓励患者在能力范围内自理并循序渐进地进行适度锻炼,以减轻患者“患病感”,促进疾病康复,改善疾病预后.     

社区高血压患者药物治疗依从性及其影响因素分析

探讨社区高血压患者药物治疗依从性及影响因素。840例摄取高血压患者以Morisky评价标准分为药物依从性(CPAT)好、差两组,对比两组患者性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、治疗年限、经济收入、服药种类、医药费支付方式、高血压疾病认知情况、高血压疾病重视程度、生活方式等因素的差异。CPAT好和差患者在年龄、文化程度、经*:通讯作者济收入、服药种类、对高血压的认知、对疾病重视程度等方面比较具有统计学差异(P0.01)。社区高血压患者治疗依从性影响因素主要有年龄、文化程度、经济收入、服药种类、高血压认知程度、疾病重视程度,掌握这些因素,对于个性化健康指导,提高药物治疗依从性、高血压控制率均具有重要意义。     

高血压患者相关知识行为及影响因素分析

目的了解商血压患者高血压相关知识、行为状况及其影响因素，为高血压患者的健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计的“高血压相关知识行为调查表”对219例住院的原发性高血压患者进行问卷调查。采用多元线性逐步回归分析筛选影响高血压患者知识、行为的因素。结果42．0％患者高血压知识、行为测评得分为差，44．3％为一般，13．7％为好；高血压患者知识、行为的影响因素包括文化程度、病程、有无接受过高血压病教育课程、有无工作（P〈0．01）。结论高血压患者对高血压相关知识知晓状况令人担忧，有利于控制血压的行为采取情况也不容乐观。应积极通过各种方式加大高血压患者的健康教育力度，并根据患者的文化程度、病程长短、工作状况等因素不同而采取不同的教育方式，以提高高血压患者的认知水平，改善其行为，从而控制并发症、促进疾病良好转归。     

南京市兰园社区高血压患者自觉健康控制现状及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨兰园社区高血压患者自觉健康控制现状及其影响因素,为社区制定相应的高血压管理方案提供依据.方法 采取便利抽样的方法,选取南京市兰园社区已建立健康档案且定期随访的高血压患者409例,采用一般资料调查表、高血压疾病资料及相关知识调查表及自觉健康控制量表B表进行问卷调查.采用多元逐步回归分析自觉健康控制的影响因素.结果 兰园社区高血压患者自觉健康控制各维度得分为,外部权威人士控制(26.89±6.10)分、内部控制(24.86±6.14)分、命运控制(19.83±7.45)分;多元逐步回归分析结果显示:年龄越大,医疗费用越高,文化程度越低,病程越短,越倾向于外部权威人士控制;年龄越小,文化程度越高,工作状态越好,越倾向于内部控制;年龄越大,疾病相关知识得分越低,医疗费用越高,文化程度越低,越倾向于命运控制.结论 兰园社区高血压患者倾向于外部权威人士控制,年龄、文化程度、医疗费用、工作状况、病程和疾病知识掌握程度是社区高血压患者自觉健康控制的主要影响因素,因此,社区医务人员应当针对不同特征的患者提供有针对性地健康指导,帮助增强其健康信念,提高自我管理水平.     

集体支持下的乳腺癌患者生存质量及影响因素的分析

目的探讨对集体支持下的乳腺癌患者生存质量的影响因素。方法通过乳腺癌患者调查,选择74例受试者分为两组实验组(集体支持组)为连续参加抗癌乐园活动半年以上的乳腺癌患者38例;对照组为经医院治疗后回家半年到一年而未参加抗癌乐园活动的乳腺癌患者36例。结果参加集体支持活动的乳腺癌患者的生存质量明显好于未参加者,且人格因素、文化程度对患者的生存质量有显著的影响。结论积极参加集体支持活动有助于提高乳腺癌患者的生存质量,而患者的文化程度较低、情绪不稳定焦虑、抑郁、易怒的程度越重,患者的生存质量越差。     

性病门诊病人就医行为、性行为及性病相关知识调查

目的了解性病门诊病人的就医行为及相关知识认知情况。方法对我院性病门诊的216名病人就医行为、性行为及性病相关知识认知情况进行问卷调查。结果被调查对象出现性病相关症状后1d内就诊者仅10名,占4．60％;3d内就诊者32名,占14．80％。性病相关知识全部回答正确者占8．30％。就诊时继续有性行为者134名,占62．00％,其中使用安全套者占46．00％。结论性病病人就医行为不够积极主动,需加以引导,多数病人的性病自我保护意识薄弱,存在着性病传播的潜在危险,应利用各种方式加大宣传力度,有效控制性病的传播。     

Providing end-of-life care to patients: critical care nurses' perceived obstacles and supportive behaviors.

BACKGROUND: Critical care nurses care for dying patients daily. The process of dying in an intensive care unit is complicated, and research on specific obstacles that impede delivery of end-of-life care and/or supportive behaviors that help in delivery of end-of-life care is limited. OBJECTIVE: To measure critical care nurses' perceptions of the intensity and frequency of occurrence of (1) obstacles to providing end-of-life care and (2) supportive behaviors that help in providing end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. METHODS: An experimental, posttest-only, control-group design was used. A national, geographically dispersed, random sample of members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses was surveyed. RESULTS: The response rate was 61.3%, 864 usable responses from 1409 eligible respondents. The highest scoring obstacles were frequent telephone calls from patients' family members for information, patients' families who did not understand the term lifesaving measures, and physicians disagreeing about the direction of a dying patient's care. The highest scoring supportive behaviors were allowing patients' family members adequate time alone with patients after death, providing peaceful and dignified bedside scenes after death, and teaching patients' families how to act around a dying patient. CONCLUSIONS: The biggest obstacles to appropriate end-of-life care in the intensive care unit are behaviors of patients' families that remove nurses from caring for patients, behaviors that prolong patients' suffering or cause patients pain, and physicians' disagreement about the plan of care.     

Prescribing pattern in Parkinson's disease: are cost and efficacy overriding factors?

Information on prescribing pattern of antiparkinsonian medications and factors influencing neurologists' choice of such drugs are important considerations in evaluating healthcare cost of Parkinson's disease (PD). We surveyed neurologists' perceived factors influencing their choice of drugs and actual prescribing pattern in PD. Three hundred and six patients at a tertiary hospital, diagnosed with idiopathic PD and who were dispensed antiparkinsonian drugs during a 6-month period were randomly selected. Patient demographics, type and dose of medications were analysed. A questionnaire survey evaluating the factors influencing choice of medications was administered to neurologists who practiced at the institution. The study population had a mean age of 64.4 years (SD +/- 9.9 years), and more than 80% were at Hoehn & Yahr stage 2-3. 92.3% of the study population were receiving levodopa and monotherapy, with levodopa being the most common treatment regimen. Patients who were prescribed levodopa were significantly older and at a later stage of disease compared to those without levodopa (p < 0.05). Only 26.8% of patients were prescribed dopamine agonists. In the survey, the neurologists cited severity of symptoms, and patients' intolerance of side effects, and efficacy as the most important factors influencing their choice of drugs. However, the actual prescribing pattern revealed a strong positive correlation of drug usage with cost subsidy by the institution. While factors affecting drug usage in PD are well recognised, cost and efficacy of a drug appear to be overriding practical factors in influencing usage pattern in clinical practice.     

慢性心力衰竭患者自我护理行为影响因素的研究

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭患者在出院后1个月及3个月时自我护理行为的影响因素。方法采用目的抽样法,选取北京市某心血管病专科医院住院治疗的160例慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,调查其护理行为及其影响因素。结果①在出院后1个月时职业状况、收入水平、社会支持、自我概念、抑郁和心力衰竭知识与自我护理行为之间存在相关关系;在出院后3个月时职业状况、收入水平、社会支持、自我概念和心力衰竭知识与自我护理行为之间存在相关关系;②在出院后1个月时影响慢性心力衰竭患者自我护理行为的因素按照影响作用由大到小依次是:社会支持、自我概念、抑郁,对自我护理行为变异的解释度为23.70%;在出院后3个月时,其影响因素按照影响作用由大到小依次是:社会支持、自我概念,对自我护理行为变异的解释度为20.50%。结论对慢性心力衰竭患者应实施针对性的健康教育以提高其自我护理行为。社会支持等影响因素对自我护理行为总变异的解释度较低,建议在此基础上再扩大影响因素的范围,进一步广泛深入开展可干预因素的探讨和研究。     

Stroke-related knowledge and health behaviors among poststroke patients in inpatient rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE: To measure stroke knowledge and prestroke personal health behaviors of stroke patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation and their caregivers. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Academic rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 130 stroke patients and 85 caregivers interviewed after ischemic stroke. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Stroke Education Assessment measured stroke knowledge and prestroke personal health behaviors. RESULTS: Large deficiencies in patient and caregiver stroke knowledge were found. Fifty-two percent of patients could not name any stroke risk factors, 52% were unable to name a stroke warning sign, and 35% were unable to identify appropriate actions to take in a stroke emergency. Older patients were less knowledgeable than younger patients. Caregivers were more knowledgeable than patients. Regarding prestroke personal health behaviors, 28% of patients reported medication nonadherence, 26% did not see their primary care physician in the preceding year, and less than 40% of patients with diabetes or hypertension reported diets consistent with these diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke patients participating in inpatient rehabilitation and their caregivers have large gaps in stroke knowledge and have suboptimal personal health behaviors, thereby putting patients at high risk for recurrent stroke. Our finding highlights the need to develop stroke-education programs for rehabilitating patients that are effective in closing these gaps in knowledge and personal health behaviors.     

Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle habits among preventive cardiovascular nurses

The cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the identification and reduction of cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiology nurses play a major role in counseling patients about lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. We used an e-mail survey to elicit self-reported prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and healthy lifestyles among the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association (PCNA) members and compared their risk profiles with published data for American cardiologists, the Nurses' Health Study 2, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data for women. RESULTS: A total of 1,345 complete surveys were collected. The respondents were mostly women (96%), with mean (SD) age of 47.4 (8.7) years. More than 95% were not cigarette smokers, more than 50% had a healthy body mass index (<25), and more than 56% achieved the recommended levels of physical activity. Nevertheless, obesity (body mass index ≥ 30) was a health risk in one-fifth of PCNA respondents. The rates of hypertension (17%) and dyslipidemia (15%) were lower than rates reported in other national samples; however, the rate for family history of premature heart disease (20%) was similar to those reported in national samples. Since family history of premature heart disease may be a more significant risk factor in women, PCNA respondents with such a family history may require targeted interventions to further reduce their risk and improve their lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSION: PCNA nurses have more favorable lifestyle profiles compared with national samples. It can be expected that nurses who know their risk factors and who follow healthy lifestyle behaviors will be more effective in these counseling roles.     

原发性高血压合并焦虑抑郁障碍现状调查

目的探讨原发性高血压合并焦虑抑郁障碍的流行病学状况,为临床干预提供依据。方法对2180例原发性高血压患者采用综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表、汉密顿焦虑量表、汉密顿抑郁量表及自拟一般资料调查表进行评定分析。结果原发性高血压患者心理障碍患病率49．45％,其中焦虑症患病率45．09％、抑郁症患病率6．33％、焦虑抑郁共患率1．97％;女性、中年、并发其他疾病、无业、病程长的原发性高血压患者罹患焦虑症率偏高,而老年、退休的原发性高血压患者罹患抑郁症率偏高。结论原发性高血压患者罹患焦虑抑郁障碍率较高,其中女性、中年、病程时间长是罹患焦虑症的危险因素,老年、退休是罹患抑郁症的危险因素。