北京地区成年女性尿失禁的流行病学研究

目的明确北京地区成年女性尿失禁的患病率、各种类型尿失禁的患病特点和相关影响因素。方法对北京市城区和郊区农村采用整群分层随机方法,抽取20岁以上成年女性5300人进行《国际下尿路症状问卷》现场调查。从20岁起,每10岁为一个年龄段,分为8组。结果共获得资料完整问卷5221份,未婚409人,已婚4812人。被调查的对象年龄22~99,平均年龄(46±17)岁。北京地区成年女性尿失禁的患病率为38·5%(2008/5221),压力性尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁和混合性尿失禁的患病率分别为22·9%(1197/5221)、2·8%(147/5221)和12·4%(649/5221)。随着年龄的增长,混合性尿失禁患病率明显增加。北京地区压力性、急迫性、混合性及其他类型尿失禁的构成比分别为59·6%(1197/2008),7·3%(147/2008)、32·3%(649/2008)和0·7%(15/2008)。多因素logistic回归表明:年龄、分娩方式、体重指数、高血压(舒张压高)、吸烟、便秘和慢性盆腔痛是北京地区成年女性压力性尿失禁发生的影响因素。结论北京地区成年女性尿失禁患病率比较高,是影响女性生活质量的主要疾病;尿失禁中以压力性尿失禁为主,其他依次为混合性尿失禁和急迫性。高龄、阴道分娩、体重指数高、高血压(舒张压高为主)、吸烟、便秘、慢性盆腔痛是北京地区成年女性压力性尿失禁的危险因素,剖宫产是其保护因素。     

上海成年女性尿失禁现状及对生活质量的影响

目的 了解上海某社区成年女性尿失禁的患病情况及对生活质量的影响.方法 抽样选取上海某社区成年女性628名,采用问卷方式调查其尿失禁状况及生活质量.问卷设计参考布里斯托女性下尿路症状调查问卷(BFLUTS)与尿失禁生活质量评分(I-QOL).结果 共发放调查问卷628份,回收有效问卷597份,回收率95.1％.尿失禁患者36.5％ (218/597),其中单纯压力性尿失禁(SUI)占47.7％,急迫性尿失禁(UUI)占14.7％,压力急迫混合性尿失禁(MUI)占37.6％.不同年龄段女性三种尿失禁的患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).社区女性尿失禁患者I-QOL得分0～5分者为53.7％,得分20分以上者为17.9％.三种类型尿失禁相比较,SUI对生活质量的影响相对较小,MUI对生活质量的影响相对较大.结论 尿失禁已成为我国成年女性重要的排尿障碍性疾患,建议增加宣传力度,提高人们的认识,指导患者及时就医,从而提高其生活质量.     

流动人群女性压力性尿失禁产科因素分析

目的探讨流动人群女性压力性尿失禁与产科因素的关系。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对广州市1458名21岁以上不同职业流动人群经产妇的压力性尿失禁患病情况进行调查分析。结果广州市流动人群经产妇压力性尿失禁患病率为34．2％（499／1458）。分娩次数、分娩方式、分娩地点、助产方式、有无会阴裂伤产科因素与患病率有关（P〈0．05）。结论多产、家中分娩、阴道裂伤、阴道助产等产科因素与广州市流动人群女性压力性尿失禁患病率较高明显相关,应加强流动人群的孕产期保健,降低压力性尿失禁患病率,提高流动人群女性生活质量。     

西安市区成年女性尿失禁的流行病学及对生活质量影响的研究

目的:调查西安地区成年女性尿失禁的患病率及其对生活质量的影响,探讨压力性尿失禁患病的影响因素。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,对西安地区20⁸7岁成年女性3017例进行问卷调查,测量体重、身高并进行妇科检查。经单因素分析χ2检验及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选发生压力性尿失禁的危险因素。结果:西安地区成年女性尿失禁患病率为29.23%(882/3017),压力性尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁和混合性尿失禁的患病率分别为18.13%(547/3017)、4.57%(138/3017)和6.1%(184/3017)。随着年龄的增长,混合性尿失禁患病率明显增加。压力性、急迫性、混合性及其他类型尿失禁的构成比分别为62.02%(547/882)、15.65%(138/882)、20.86%(184/882)、1.47%(13/882)。尿失禁对生活质量影响程度中,轻度、中度、重度所占比例分别为88.78%、10.32%和0.91%。多因素Logistic回归表明:年龄、分娩方式、盆腔器官脱垂、体力劳动、慢性咳嗽、吸烟、便秘、体重指数是西安市区成年女性压力性尿失禁发生的影响因素。结论:西安市区成年女性尿失禁患病率比较高,是影响女性生活质量的主要疾病,以轻度尿失禁为主,中重度尿失禁随年龄增加而增加;尿失禁中以压力性尿失禁为主,其他依次为混合性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁。年龄、分娩方式、盆腔器官脱垂、体力劳动、慢性咳嗽、吸烟、便秘、体重指数是西安市区成年女性压力性尿失禁的危险因素。     

成年女性压力性尿失禁的高危因素分析及健康指导

目的探讨分析引发成年女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的相关危险因素及健康指导。方法对1800例年龄为20～75岁的女性进行问卷调查,对调研结果进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果调查结果显示1768例有效问卷中患有压力性尿失禁783例,患病率为44．31％,压力性尿失禁的发生与年龄、生育、肥胖、胎儿身体质量、子宫脱垂等因素相关。结论引发尿失禁的因素很多,成年女性压力性尿失禁患病率较高,随年龄增加患病率增加,指导患者积极地进行防治,以提高妇女的生活质量。     

北京市密云地区女性压力性尿失禁发病影响因素分析

了解北京市密云地区女性压力性尿失禁的发病情况及发病危险因素,在密云部分乡镇招募志愿者,由调查员进行面对面问卷调查,获得有效资料8663份。成年女性尿失禁患病率为34．43％（2983例）。压力性尿失禁、急迫性和混合性尿失禁分别为20．66％（1790例）、4．78％（414例）和8．99％（779例）。调查发现高龄（OR=1．555）、BMI≥24kg／m^2（OR=0．556）、饮酒（OR=1．308）、便秘（OR=1．360）、分娩次数93次（OR=1．998）、生育巨大儿史（OR=0．572）是密云地区成年女性压力性尿失禁的危险因素。     

门诊就诊成年女性张力性尿失禁患病的危险因素调查

目的:调查门诊就诊成年女性尿失禁发生率及其相关影响因素。方法:妇科门诊就诊女性421例,采用自制问卷调查表,对工作性质、教育程度、饮食习惯、生育史(孕产次数、流产、引产等)、分娩情况、分娩次数、分娩方式等项目进行调查。结果:尿失禁的患病率为49.9%;尿失禁的发病率随着年龄的增长而增高,以50⁶0岁女性最高(33.33%);尿失禁发病率与BMI、怀孕次数、分娩方式相关(P<0.05);从事体力劳动者较脑力劳动者的尿失禁发生率高(P<0.05);肥胖者尿失禁患病率高于正常体质量分数患者(P<0.05)。结论:尿失禁的患病率随着年龄的增长而增高,影响患者身心健康。医务人员应做好宣传教育工作,普及尿失禁相关疾病知识,降低尿失禁发病率,提高患者生活质量。     

石家庄市社区成年女性尿失禁的流行病学调查

目的 了解石家庄市社区成年女性尿失禁的患病情况,探讨女性尿失禁的危险因素.方法 按照整群抽样的方法,选择石家庄市某社区1 500名20～80岁不同职业的常住女性为调查对象,采用女性尿失禁调查问卷,由经过培训的调查员进行面对面问卷式调查.结果 石家庄市社区成年女性尿失禁的总患病率为44.30%(567/1 280),其中压力性尿失禁占61.90%(351/567),急迫性尿失禁占20.10%(114/567),混合性尿失禁占18.00%(102/567).不同年龄妇女3种类型尿失禁的患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);对女性尿失禁可能的影响因素做Logistic回归分析,年龄、阴道分娩和体质指数>30 kg/m2进入回归方程,OR值分别为1.205、1.268、4.206.结论 石家庄市社区女性尿失禁患病率较高,对女性生活质量有较大影响,年龄、分娩方式和肥胖是尿失禁的高危因素.     

非洲科摩罗ANJUOEN（昂岛）女性尿失禁发病情况调查分析

目的了解科摩罗ANJOUEN（昂岛）女性尿失禁的患病情况。方法按照整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取生活在昂岛MOUZAMOUmU（目杂目督）区、HENBO（洪波）区的2696位女性进行问卷调查。结果调查显示,尿失禁的患病率为27．8％,50岁以上的老年妇女患病率高达51．1％,其中压力性、急迫性、混合性尿失禁的患病率分别为13．7％、3．6％、10．5％,构成比为49％、13％、38％。各类尿失禁中以轻度尿失禁为主。在被调查者中80％的患者不知应该去就诊,20％的患者不知该去何处就诊。结论尿失禁是科摩罗ANJOUEN（昂岛）妇女的常见疾病,老年女性患病率高,就诊率极低。     

南宁市成年女性尿失禁流行病学调查

目的：了解南宁市成年女性尿失禁（UI）的患病率以及UI不同类型构成比特征;探讨UI发病的危险因素。方法：采用整群抽样的方法,于2012年7月至2012年12月对南宁市22～78岁的1080名不同职业常住女性进行面对面[《国际下尿路症状问卷》及一般情况（人口学资料,疾病相关因素等）]调查,所得数据采用Epidata软件建立数据文件,采用SPSS13．0统计软件对资料进行统计分析。结果：合格问卷1052份,南宁市成年女性UI患病率为37．2％（391／1052）;压力性尿失禁（SUI）、混合性尿失禁（MUD和急迫性尿失禁（UUI）分别为19．2％（202／1052）、15．7％（165／1052）、2．3％（24／1052）。UI中以SUI为主,其余依次为MUI和UUI。多因素Logistic回归表明：高龄、阴道分娩、高血压、绝经、慢性咳嗽、盆腔手术以及便秘是南宁市成年女性UI的危险因素。结论：南宁市成年女性UI患病率与国内调查结果相近,分型以SUI为主。高龄、阴道分娩、高血压、绝经、慢性咳嗽、盆腔手术以及便秘是南宁市成年女性UI的危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.