含地西他滨方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病26例疗效分析

目的:探讨地西他滨单药及联合CAG化疗方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的临床疗效及不良反应等。方法:回顾性分析接受含地西他滨方案治疗的26例老年AML患者的临床特点,评估临床疗效及不良反应。结果:26例老年AML患者首程治疗后17例达完全缓解,3个疗程后18例达完全缓解,1例达部分缓解,总有效率73.1%。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制,其中17例出现肺部感染,2例出现败血症,3例出现粒细胞缺乏伴感染。结论:地西他滨单药及联合CAG方案治疗老年AML患者具有较高的缓解率和较低的不良反应,值得进一步探究及临床推广应用。     

地西他滨联合预激方案和传统治疗方案治疗老年MDS/MPD转化的急性髓系白血病的疗效和安全性的比较研究

目的:对地西他滨联合预激方案和传统治疗方案治疗老年骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)或骨髓增殖性疾病(MPD)转化的急性髓系白血病(AML)的有效性和安全性进行比较研究。方法:回顾性分析28例MDS/MPD转化的老年AML患者的临床资料,分别应用地西他滨联合预激方案11例和传统治疗方案17例(其中"3+7"标准方案8例、CAG方案6例及支持治疗3例),比较分析2组患者的临床疗效及不良反应。结果:地西他滨联合预激组中完全缓解(CR)7例(63.6%),未缓解(NR)4例(36.4%),总有效率(ORR)为63.6%;传统治疗组中CR 4例(23.5%),分别为"3+7"标准方案2例、CAG方案2例,NR 13例(76.5%),ORR为23.5%。地西他滨联合预激组的有效率明显高于传统治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者治疗前骨髓原始细胞数对于缓解与否无差异(P0.05)。2组患者出现的不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、肺部感染、恶心呕吐、肝功能损害和心力衰竭,经过输血和抗感染等支持治疗均可以耐受,2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访至2013年9月,地西他滨联合预激组和传统治疗组的中位生存分别是15个月和2个月,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地西他滨联合预激方案治疗老年转化性AML患者的临床疗效显著,不良反应可以耐受,可作为老年转化性AML的首选方案。     

地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病的疗效观察

目的:对地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病(AML)与单用CAG方案化疗的有效性和安全性进行比较。方法:选取76例老年AML患者,将其中46例采用地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗者设为观察组,其余30例单独行CAG方案治疗者设为对照组。治疗2个疗程后,比较2组的临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果:2种方案治疗老年AML均有一定疗效。观察组的完全缓解率及总有效率均明显高于对照组(均P0.05)。观察组中MDS相关老年AML者的完全缓解率及总有效率均显著高于非MDS相关者(均P0.05)。观察组化疗期间的不良反应发生情况与对照组比较,肺部感染、胃肠道反应、发热均明显增加,而血小板减少的发生率明显减少(均P0.05)。观察组中肺部感染率与年龄呈正相关(r=0.906,P=0.013)。结论:地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗老年AML疗效较好,尤其是对于MDS相关的老年AML,但同时肺部感染、恶心、呕吐等药物不良反应明显增加,部分老年人不能耐受,尤其是高龄患者需慎重使用。     

减低剂量的地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗中高危骨髓增生异常综合征及难治性白血病的疗效

目的观察减低剂量的地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗中高危骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)及难治性白血病的疗效和安全性。方法7例中高危MDS及难治性白血病患者应用减低剂量的地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗1个疗程〔地西他滨15 mg·m-2·d-1,静脉滴注第1~3天,Ara-C10 mg/m2,静脉滴注,1次/12 h;ACR 5 mg·m-2·d-1,静脉滴注,第1~7天;集落刺激因子(G-CSF)200μg·m-2·d-1,皮下注射,第1~12天〕,观察患者疗效及不良反应。结果 5例获完全缓解,1例获血液学进步,总有效率为85.7%。1例疾病进展,最后因急性腹膜炎死亡。结论减低剂量的地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗MDS及难治性白血病有较好的疗效及安全性。     

小剂量国产地西他滨联合半量CAG方案治疗中高危骨髓增生异常综合征的临床研究

目的:探讨以国产地西他滨为主的方案治疗中高危组骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:回顾性分析接受国产地西他滨联合半量CAG方案治疗的34例中高危组MDS的临床资料,评价其疗效和不良反应。结果:34例MDS患者中,完全缓解6例,部分缓解11例,血液学改善9例,疾病进展6例,死亡2例,完全缓解率17.6%,有效率50.0%。血液学不良反应发生率100%,感染发生率94.1%,死亡率5.9%。结论:以国产地西他滨为主的化疗方案可有效治疗MDS,虽然血液学不良反应较重,感染的发生率较高,但患者基本上可耐受,给予相应抗炎及支持治疗可得到有效控制,与同类进口药物比较,具有明显的价格优势和相近的疗效。     

地西他滨联合半量CAG方案治疗骨髓增生异常综合征-伴原始细胞增多和急性髓细胞白血病

目的:比较地西他滨(DAC)联合半程粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）联合小剂量阿糖胞苷（Ara-C）及阿克拉霉素（Acla）的预激化疗方案(CAG)与CAG方案治疗骨髓增生异常综合征伴原始细胞增多（MDS-EB）和急性髓系白血病(MDS/AML)患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析21例MDS/AML患者临床资料，12例接受DAC-CAG（D-CAG）方案，9例接受CAG方案,诱导缓解后患者继续巩固化疗或进行造血干细胞移植。比较2组患者的总反应率(0RR)、总生存率(0S)及不良反应发生率。结果:2组的ORR分别为83.3%和66.7%，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。13例存活，6例死亡，2例失访，中位随访时问9(5～46)个月。2组2年OS率分别为66.7％、和55.6％，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者在治疗后，感染发生率、出血发生率、平均粒细胞缺乏时间、平均红细胞输注量、平均血小板输注量差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。经抗感染及支持治疗后，21例患者均安全度过骨髓抑制期，无一例死亡。结论：D-CAG及CAG方案治疗MDS/AML均有较好的疗效，D-CAG方案诱导治疗有效率相对较高，不良反应与CAG方案相当，对患者长期生存的影响有待进一步观察。     

地西他滨加改良CAG方案联合人白细胞抗原半相合淋巴细胞输注治疗老年急性髓系白血病缓解1例

骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）是一组造血干细胞异常的恶性克隆性疾病,可转化为急性髓系白血病（AML）。MDS转化为AML时,化疗常常不能有效杀灭或抑制肿瘤细胞,且骨髓抑制相当严重,化疗后骨髓抑制期的出血、感染常成为患者临床死亡主要原因。因此,继发于MDS的AML患者预后差,治疗困难。近期笔者应用地西他滨加阿糖胞苷、阿克拉霉素和粒细胞集落刺激因子（CAG）联合半相合淋巴细胞回输,成功诱导缓解1例继发于MDS的AML,并显著缩短化疗后的骨髓抑制期,获得良好疗效。     

地西他滨联合半量CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病的临床疗效

目的探讨去甲基化药物地西他滨联合半量CAG方案与单用CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床疗效及安全性。方法40例老年AML患者按用药方法不同分为对照组和观察组,各20例。对照组单用传统的CAG方案治疗,观察组采用地西他滨联合半量CAG方案治疗。观察两组治疗效果及不良反应情况。结果观察组患者1个疗程后完全缓解9例(45%),9例部分缓解,2例完全无效,总有效率90%,中位无病生存时间和中位总生存分别为12个月和19个月;骨髓抑制15例,肺部感染8例。对照组治疗后完全缓解7例(35%),部分缓解6例,无效7例,总有效率65%,中位无病生存时间和中位总生存分别为6个月和13个月;骨髓抑制18例,肺部感染12例,肠道感染2例,败血症2例,1例死于脑出血,1例死于多脏器衰竭。观察组的总有效率、生存情况及不良反应均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论地西他滨联合半量CAG方案治疗老年AML有较好的治疗效果,不增加治疗风险。     

增加地西他滨剂量治疗高危组骨髓增生异常综合征及急性髓系白血病20例分析

目的探讨增加地西他滨剂量治疗高危组骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)及急性髓系白血病(AML)的疗效。方法收集2009年9月至2012年1月在苏州大学附属第一医院高危组MDS及AML患者20例,静脉滴注地西他滨20 mg/m2,每日1次,连用5 d治疗,然后行骨髓检查,根据患者骨髓增生程度、原始细胞数、骨髓小粒饱满情况,结合患者的一般情况、不良反应,酌情增加使用地西他滨,分析治疗1个疗程后缓解率和总反应率。结果 MDS患者1个疗程完全缓解(CR)+骨髓CR为3例(75%),总反应3例(75%);AML患者1个疗程CR+骨髓CR 3例(18.8%),总反应8例(50.0%),其中初治患者1个疗程CR+骨髓CR 1例(25.0%),总反应3例(75.0%),复发及难治患者1个疗程CR+骨髓CR 2例(16.7%),总反应5例(41.7%)。累积2年生存率为42%。结论剂量增加的地西他滨可被安全应用于高危组MDS及AML,1个疗程缓解率较高,值得进一步探索。     

CAG方案治疗中高危骨髓增生异常综合征和急性髓系白血病的疗效观察

目的:观察阿糖胞苷、阿克拉霉素和粒细胞集落刺激因子联合方案(CAG方案)治疗中、高危骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)和老年初治、难治、复发和继发于MDS的急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:应用CAG方案治疗MDS9例和AML23例,完成1个疗程后评估疗效,治疗失败患者则退出观察,有效者继续接受1个疗程治疗。结果:9例MDS临床均有效,其中完全缓解4例(44.4%)。部分缓解3例(33.3%),血液学进步伴骨髓缓解1例(11.1%),骨髓缓解1例(11.1%)。AML临床总有效13例(56.5%),其中完全缓解9例(39.1%),部分缓解4例(17.4%)。大部分患者出现了可以耐受的轻微不良反应,主要表现为骨髓抑制。结论:CAG治疗中、高危MDS和预后差的AML安全有效,长期疗效需进一步观察。     

LD—HA诱导治疗非M3型老年急性髓系白血病疗效观察

目的观察小剂量高三尖杉酯碱＋阿糖胞苷（LD—HA）诱导治疗非M3型老年急性髓系白血病（AML）的疗效和不良反应。方法将35例初治老年AML患者随机分为A组（19例）及B组（16例）。A组采用LD—HA方案：高三尖杉酯碱（H）1～2mg／d,阿糖胞苷（Ara—C）25mg,q12h,第1—14天化疗。B组采用标准剂量HA或DA方案。结果1个疗程结束后,A组和B组的完全缓解（CR）率分别为68．4％和37．5％;病死率分别为10．5％和18．7％,差异有统计学意义。血液学毒性两组差异无统计学意义;非血液学毒性的发生率A组低于B组。结论LD—HA诱导治疗老年AML近期疗效好,不良反应较轻。     

地西他滨联合CAG预激方案治疗急性红白血病55例临床研究

目的 探讨地西他滨联合CAG预激方案(阿克拉霉素+阿糖胞苷+粒细胞集落刺激因子)治疗急性红白血病的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年9月苏州大学附属第一医院55例初治AEL患者,其中23例采用预激方案治疗,19例采用标准方案化疗,13例使用地西他滨联合CAG方案。结果 使用地西他滨联合CAG方案的患者缓解率达到61.5%,总反应率(ORR)92.3%,缓解率及反应率优于传统方案组及预激方案组患者,但差异无统计学意义。结论 地西他滨可能在急性红白血病的临床治疗中取得较好效果。     

Results of conventional-dose cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Summary Conventional-dose Ara-C (200 mg/m² d 1–5) combined with idarubicin (12 mg/m² d 1–3) was employed as remission induction and consolidation therapy in 23 elderly AML patients with a median age of 66 years (range, 60–75) with AML according to the FAB criteria (M1n=3, M2n=10, M4n=6, M5n=2, M6n=2), eligible for the study. In seven patients earlier MDS had been documented by previous bone marrow aspirates. The CR rate after one induction course was 65% (15/23). Toxicity was acceptable, with four patients dying during the chemotherapy-induced hypoplasia (4/23). Although 80% of the CR patients received two additional cycles of Ara-C and idarubicin as consolidation therapy, only two patients are still in continuous complete remission more than 12 months after achieving CR. The median disease-free survival of the CR patients was 11.5 months and the median survival of the entire group was 10 months. We conclude that conventional dose Ara-C/idarubicin is an effective protocol for inducing complete remission in elderly patients with AML, but that consolidation therapy consisting of two courses of the same regimen does not produce a relevant rate of long-term disease-free survival.     

维奈克拉联合阿扎胞苷与地西他滨联合预激方案治疗老年复发急性髓系白血病的疗效及安全性比较的初步观察

目的比较维奈克拉(venetoclax, VEN)联合阿扎胞苷(azacitidine, AZA)方案与地西他滨(decitabine/dacogen, DAC)联合预激方案治疗老年复发急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至 2020年8月苏州大学附属第一医院血液科收治的45例老年复发AML患者的临床资料, 男性31例、女性14例, 年龄60～80岁, 中位年龄66岁, 其中18例采用VEN+AZA方案治疗, 27例采用DAC+预激方案治疗。比较两组患者的完全缓解率(complete remission, CR)、部分缓解率(partial remission, PR)、总有效率(overall response rate, ORR), 不良反应发生率以及总体生存(overall survival, OS)。结果 VEN+AZA组ORR为 14/18, 其中CR 11例、PR 3例;DAC+预激组ORR为37.0%(10/27), 其中CR 8例、PR 2例, 两组患者疗效差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)...     

Mitozantrone and cytosine arabinoside as first-line therapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia

We have prospectively evaluated a regimen of mitozantrone and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) as first-line therapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). One hundred and four patients with a median age of 68 (range 60-81) were studied, in whom 86 had de-novo AML, and 18 had preceding myelodysplasia or secondary AML. Complete remission was achieved in 64% of de-novo cases, in 28% of MDS/secondary cases, and in 58% overall. The incidence of early death within 28 d of chemotherapy was 11%. The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 11 months with an actuarial DFS of 15% at 43 months. The median overall survival was 9 months with an actuarial survival of 10% at 44 months. The incidence of non-haematological toxicity was acceptably low, and usually of mild to moderate severity. Quality of life was improved, or unchanged, in 90% of responders. We conclude that mitozantrone and ara-C is an effective and well-tolerated regimen which produces high remission rates in elderly patients with AML.     

Aclarubicin and Low-Dose Cytosine Arabinoside in Combination with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Disease and Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Multicenter Study of 112 Chinese Patients

One hundred twelve patients with geriatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), refractory or relapsed AML, or myelodysplastic syndrome and refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (MDS-RAEBt) were entered into this study to receive CAG (aclarubicin and low-dose cytosine arabinoside [Ara-C]in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) with the objective of evaluating the efficacy and tolerance of this regimen. Low-dose Ara-C was given subcutaneously at a dosage of 10 mg/m2 every 12 hours on days 1 to 14. Aclarubicin was administered intravenously at a dosage of 14 mg/m2 per day on days 1 to 4 (CAG regimen A) or 7 mg/m2 on days 1 to 8 (CAG regimen B). Recombinant G-CSF was given subcutaneously at a dosage of 200 3g/m2 per day on days 1 to 14. We demonstrated comparable overall complete remission rates for the 4 groups of patients: 30.8% (8/26) in the elderly patients, 48.4% (30/62) in the refractory AML patients, 44.4% (8/18) in the relapsed AML patients, and 38.5% (5/13) in the MDS-RAEBt patients. Of the 52 patients followed up, the 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method were 40.73% 3 8.15% and 42.85% 3 8.23%, respectively. The median PFS and OS times were 9.0 3 2.2 months and 11.0 3 1.6 months, respectively. Toxic effects were very rare and mainly consisted of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia due to myelosuppression; approximately 70% to 80% of patients had neutropenia or thrombocytopenia that exceeded National Cancer Institute grade II. Nonhematologic toxicities were not observed in this study.The CAG regimen seems promising, with acceptable toxicity, for the treatment of various categories of poor-prognosis AML and MDS-RAEBt.     

减低预处理剂量的异基因造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征

目的:评估10例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者进行非清髓异基因造血干细胞移植的效果。方法:10例MDS患者中位年龄44岁,MDS-难治性贫血(RA)1例[国际预后积分系统(IPSS)中危-Ⅰ],MDS-难治性血细胞减少伴有多系增生异常(RCMD)5例(IPSS中危-Ⅰ4例,中危-Ⅱ1例),MDS转变为急性髓系白血病4例(均为IPSS高危)。人类白细胞抗原(HLA)完全相合同胞移植7例,HLA匹配无关供者移植3例。预处理方案以白消安8～10mg/kg、氟达拉滨90～150mg/m2及全身照射2～3Gy为主,移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防方案为环孢素、短程甲氨蝶呤和麦考酚酸酯。移植后供受者嵌合体检测采用PCR扩增短串联重复序列方法,对流式细胞仪分选出的T淋巴细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞和粒细胞进行动态定量检测。结果:移植后异基因造血干细胞都成功植入,中性粒细胞>0.5×109/L的中位时间为12(10～14)d,血小板>50×109/L的中位时间为13(0～29)d。10例患者中8例发生急性GVHD,其中仅1例患者发生Ⅳ度急性GVHD,其余患者为Ⅰ度。中位随访22(3.6～70)个月,5例发生慢性GVHD。2例患者死亡,均在移植前转变为急性髓系白血病,其余8例患者均无病生存至今,血细胞数恢复正常,中位生存时间为27(15～70)个月,预期5年总生存率为79%。结论:减低预处理剂量的异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗MDS或MDS继发急性髓系白血病的有效方法。移植后需要进行嵌合体的密切监测,根据供受者嵌合比例,尤其是T淋巴细胞嵌合比例给予个体化免疫抑制剂治疗,避免复发。     

Successful treatment with G-CSF and continuous infusion of low-dose cytarabine and etoposide for therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia developed during chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma

In March 2000, a 30-year-old Chinese male was initially diagnosed as having non-Hodgkin's lymphoma because of right cervical lymphadenopathy. He had received 8 cycles of chemotherapy including doxorubicin in China. As of February 2001, he was treated in our hospital with the CEPP regimen including etoposide, and was admitted in June 2001 because of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood showed hemoglobin 12.7 g/dl, platelets 4.1 x 10(4)/microliter and white blood cells 2300/microliter with 15% blasts. Bone marrow was hypocellular with 48% blasts, which were positive for myeloperoxidase, CD13 and CD33. Chromosome analysis showed 46,XY, t(9;11) (p21;q23) in all 20 metaphase spreads. He was diagnosed as having therapy-related acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Because of hypoplastic bone marrow, induction therapy with the CAG regimen including cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was started, but no apparent effect was observed. The patient was then treated with the AVG regimen comprising 250 micrograms of G-CSF and continuous infusion with 20 mg of cytarabine and 50 mg of etoposide for 14 days. Complete hematological and cytogenetic remission was achieved after two courses of the AVG regimen. Although it has been shown that the CAG regimen is effective for refractory and/or secondary AML, our results indicate that the AVG regimen should be tried for cases of AML resistant to the CAG regimen.