肺小细胞癌八例临床病理观察

目的探讨肺小细胞癌的临床病理特征、免疫组化、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对8例肺小细胞癌进行组织形态学、免疫组化观察和文献复习。结果组织学显示瘤细胞形态较为一致,片状、巢状、带状或梁索状排列,浸润性生长,部分区域呈鳞状细胞癌或腺癌分化。免疫组化：CK、CEA阳性,部分瘤细胞Syn、CgA阳性;LCA、S-100阴性.结论肺小细胞癌是一种高度恶性肿瘤,具有特征性的组织学改变,应与非小细胞癌、大细胞神经内分泌癌、类癌、淋巴瘤、原始神经外胚层瘤、Merkd肿瘤等鉴别。     

乳腺神经内分泌癌1例并文献复习

目的：探讨乳腺神经内分泌癌的临床病理特征、鉴别诊断要点、肿瘤的生物学行为。方法：采用光镜、免疫组化对本例乳腺神经内分泌癌进行观察,并复习相关文献。结果：本例发病年龄32岁。肿瘤形态学特征为瘤细胞中等大小,呈卵圆形或多角形,胞质丰富、略嗜酸性,呈细颗粒状,肿瘤细胞排列呈实性巢团和片块状,并可见器官样、栅栏状或菊形团结构,部分区域巢状周围有纤细的纤维血管间质。细胞间界限欠清楚,个别核仁明显,核分裂象5～8个/10 HPF。免疫组化ER、PR、CgA、CK7均阳性,40%肿瘤细胞呈Ki-67阳性。结论：乳腺大细胞神经内分泌癌与肺大细胞神经内分泌癌细胞形态学相似。其组织学起源支持乳腺干细胞来源学说。乳腺神经内分泌癌发病有年轻化趋势,本病的诊断与鉴别诊断免疫组化神经内分泌标志物检测具有重要意义。     

皮肤Merkel细胞癌2例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨皮肤 Merkel细胞癌的组织学及免疫组织化学表达特点及鉴别诊断。方法:对 2例皮肤Merkel细胞癌患者的临床病史、肿瘤组织的病理形态和免疫组化表达及相关文献进行了回顾性分析 ,比较 Merkel细胞癌和黑色素瘤在临床及病理形态等方面的异同。结果 :2例 Merkel细胞癌患者均表现为皮肤肿块 ,无淋巴结和内脏转移的证据 ;例 1曾有皮肤黑色素瘤切除后复发的病史。肿瘤细胞为单调、均匀一致的圆形细胞 ,胞质稀少 ,弥漫排列 ;免疫组化表达神经内分泌标志物和细胞角蛋白 2 0 (CK2 0 )。结论 :皮肤 Merkel细胞癌在形态上需与黑色素瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤和转移性小细胞癌等鉴别 ,免疫组化染色有助于皮肤 Merkel细胞癌的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

耳鼻喉神经内分泌癌18例临床病理分析

目的探究耳鼻喉神经内分泌癌患者的临床病理特征,进而给出其有效的诊断工作。方法将我院患者作为主要的研究对象,共选取患者18例,患者均为2013年2月至2018年2月在我院耳鼻喉科接受治疗的患者,对其临床特点进行分析,为诊断工作奠定基础。结果患者中有不典型类癌患者有11.11%,有大细胞神经内分泌癌患者有38.89%,而小细胞神经内分泌癌患者有50%。其中,肿瘤患者的细胞CK、CgA、CEA、NSE、Syn、Sero等均呈现为阳性表达。结论耳鼻喉神经内分泌癌患者在临床中较为少见,对其组织学的改变情况和免疫组化的染色结果进行观察,能够有效鉴别其他头颈部肿瘤。有效掌握组织学的分类,能够为临床的判断诊治工作奠定坚实基础。     

喉神经内分泌癌1例报道及文献回顾

目的　探讨喉神经内分泌癌的临床病理学特点、免疫组化、诊断、鉴别诊断和预后。方法　对1例喉神经内分泌癌进行光镜观察、免疫组化标记,并复习相关文献。结果　组织学上肿瘤由小圆形细胞组成,呈实性巢状、片状排列,核分裂像很少见,未见坏死。免疫组化肿瘤细胞对神经内分泌标记物如NSE、Syn、CgA呈阳性反应,CK(AE1/AE3 )、S 10 0蛋白、EMA、SMA、Melanoma、Des和CD3 4 均阴性。PAS染色阴性。结论　喉神经内分泌癌是一种较为罕见的喉部恶性肿瘤,其诊断主要依靠组织病理学、免疫组织化学和电镜检查。     

胃神经内分泌肿瘤临床病理分析

目的 探讨胃神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理特征.方法 回顾性分析10例胃神经内分泌肿瘤患者的临床病理资料,并对其组织学及免疫组织化学染色进行观察.结果 胃神经内分泌肿瘤好发于老年人,临床症状相似,好发于胃贲门部或胃窦部.10例胃神经内分泌肿瘤中,典型类癌1例,不典型类癌3例,小细胞癌6例,大部分癌细胞均表达神经内分泌标记物,...     

喉大细胞神经内分泌癌1例报道并文献复习

目的报道并探讨喉大细胞神经内分泌癌的临床及病理特征。方法描述患者的临床病史、肿瘤的组织学表现、免疫表型并复习相关文献。结果患者以声音嘶哑、喉部肿痛为主要表现;病变位于声门上;肿瘤组织呈团巢状排列,细胞有丰富的胞质,多呈印戒状;但核圆形或多角形,无被粘液挤压像;免疫组化表达神经内分泌肿瘤标志物。肿瘤预后差。结论鉴于喉大细胞神经内分泌癌分化极差,死亡率高,与不典型类癌不同,认为喉的上皮型神经分泌癌的分类中应将大细胞神经内分泌癌另列出来,为未分化型。鉴别诊断的主要依据是免疫组织化学。     

膀胱小细胞神经内分泌癌1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨膀胱小细胞神经内分泌癌的临床表现及病理特点。方法介绍1例52岁男性膀胱小细胞神经内分泌癌患者的诊治情况及病理特点,并复习有关文献。结果本例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后病理诊断为小细胞神经内分泌癌,免疫组化显示肿瘤细胞表达神经内分泌标记物S-100和CgA,肿瘤标志物Ki-67、VIM和CD99表达阳性,Syn表达阴性。结论膀胱小细胞神经内分泌癌是临床比较少见的高度恶性肿瘤,诊断主要依靠病理及免疫组化。     

胃底贲门混合性鳞状细胞神经内分泌癌一例并文献复习

神经内分泌肿瘤是起源于分布全身的神经内分泌细胞的少见肿瘤,2010年WHO将消化道神经内分泌肿瘤分为三类:神经内分泌瘤、神经内分泌癌、混合性腺神经内分泌癌,其中混合性腺神经内分泌癌是罕见、恶性程度极高的一类,病理诊断是"金标准",免疫组化是病理诊断的重要补充及分级标准.本研究回顾性分析一例极其罕见的发生在胃底贲门的混合...     

子宫颈神经内分泌肿瘤临床病理学研究

目的 探讨宫颈神经内分泌肿瘤(NTC)的临床病理特征、诊断鉴别诊断及其生物学行为.方法 对5例NTC进行光镜、电镜、免疫组化观察分析、随访及献复习.结果 瘤组织呈弥漫性或片团状浸润,瘤细胞体积小,圆形、卵圆形或短梭形,胞质少,核深染,分裂象多见,每例均有坏死.2例可见菊形团样构.免疫组化瘤细胞表达CK、低分子量CK(358H11),5例瘤细胞均表达CgA、Syn及NSE.电镜观察到菊形团样结构及神经内分泌颗粒.5例NTC中2例为典型类癌,3例方小细胞癌,2例伴鳞癌分化,1例伴腺癌分化.结论 宫颈NTC的组织形态类似于肺的NTC,除典型类癌外,其恶性程度高,预后差.诊断宫神经内分泌癌必须两项以上神经内分泌标记物阳性或电镜观察到神经内分泌颗粒.病理诊断应与子宫颈内膜闷质肉瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤及小细胞型低分化鳞癌等鉴别.免疫组化及电镜对这些肿瘤的鉴别诊断很有帮助.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.