吲哚新碱抑制S180肉瘤细胞小鼠移植瘤生长的研究

目的研究吲哚新碱(new indole alkali,NIA)对S180肉瘤细胞小鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制作用及其机制。方法建立S180肉瘤细胞小鼠皮下移植瘤动物模型,随机分为空白对照组(溶剂灌胃组)、阳性对照组(CTX,50mg.kg-1.d-1)及NIA低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。观察小鼠体质量变化并计算抑瘤率;观察肿瘤组织病理学变化;用免疫组化法检测移植瘤组织中Bax及Survivin蛋白表达,并用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。结果与空白对照组比较,CTX组及NIA低、中、高剂量组肿瘤生长均比较缓慢,瘤质量差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),抑瘤率分别为53.48%、19.67%、23.45%、37.06%;与CTX组比较,NIA低、中、高剂量组瘤质量较大,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。病理组织学检查,NIA组标本可见细胞凋亡形态变化。与空白对照组比较,CTX组及NIA高、中剂量组Bax蛋白表达及凋亡指数增高,CTX组及NIA高剂量组Survivin蛋白表达下调,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。与CTX组比较,NIA高、中、低剂量组Bax蛋白表达及凋亡指数降低(P均<0.05),NIA低、中剂量组...     

西松烷型二萜对小鼠H22肝癌腹水瘤的抑制作用及其机制

目的研究西松烷型二萜对小鼠H22肝癌腹水瘤抑制作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法建立昆明小鼠H22肝癌腹水瘤模型,随机分为生理盐水组(Ⅰ组)、西松烷型二萜低剂量组(Ⅱ组)、中剂量组(Ⅲ组)、高剂量组(Ⅳ组)与环磷酰胺组(Ⅴ组)。建模后24 h开始给药,Ⅱ~Ⅳ组以不同剂量的西松烷型二萜连续灌胃给药7 d,对照组给予同体积生理盐水,Ⅴ组连续腹腔注射环磷酰胺7 d,末次给药24 h后处死半数动物。计算平均腹水量、腹水抑制率、腹水中瘤细胞数、瘤细胞存活率、细胞因子白细胞介素2(IL-2)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)浓度。另一半小鼠继续观察生存状况,计算生存期及生存延长率。结果Ⅲ、Ⅳ组腹水量与Ⅰ组比较明显减少(F=28.37,q=2.91、4.76,P<0.05),腹水抑制率随药物剂量增加而升高。Ⅱ~Ⅳ组瘤细胞计数及瘤细胞存活率与Ⅰ组比较显著降低(F=7.21-19.13,q=2.92~4.76,P<0.05)。Ⅱ~Ⅳ组小鼠平均生存期与Ⅰ组比较显著延长(F=35.77,q=2.91~4.75,P<0.05),延长率分别为20.21%、42.10%和51.02%。与Ⅴ组比较,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠在饮食、活动等方面状态较好。Ⅳ组用药期间食欲下降,活动少,停药后好转。Ⅱ~Ⅳ组IL-2和IFN-γ含量与Ⅰ组比较,差异均有显著性(F=21.17、35.47,q=2.93~4.77,P<0.05)。结论西松烷型二萜对H22肝癌腹水瘤的生长具有明显的抑制作用,其机制可能与影响细胞免疫功能有关,其有可能开发成为一种新的海洋源性抗肿瘤药物。     

鲜驴奶体内抑瘤作用的实验研究

目的研究鲜驴奶体内抑制肿瘤生长的作用。方法将120只小鼠随机分为2大组,分别于腋下和腹腔接种S180肿瘤细胞悬液造模,腋下接种为实体瘤组,腹腔接种为腹水瘤组,灌胃分低剂量组(30 ml.kg-1.d-1)、中剂量组(60 ml.kg-1.d-1)、高剂量组(120 ml.kg-1.d-1),实体瘤组连续给予鲜驴奶(受试物)2周,腹水瘤组给予至小鼠死亡,另外设立模型对照组和环磷酰胺组(CTX),CTX组腹腔注射20 mg.kg-1.d-1,隔日腹腔注射1次,共7次,模型对照组给予同体积的蒸馏水,干预结束后第1天观察肿瘤组织病理形态学,测定抑瘤率、脏器指数相关指标。结果鲜驴奶中、低剂量组对S180实体瘤小鼠的脾指数具有增高作用,鲜驴奶低和中剂量组抑瘤率分别为27.78%与50.69%(P<0.05)。高剂量组未见抑制肿瘤细胞生长作用。鲜驴奶低、中和高剂量组均可明显延长S180腹水瘤小鼠的生存时间。结论鲜驴奶具有抑制S180实体瘤生长和延长S180腹水瘤小鼠生存时间的作用。     

蛇毒神经生长因子抑瘤作用的实验研究

目的：探讨神经生长因子(NGF)对小鼠荷腹水瘤H22细胞的抑制作用。方法：用不同剂量(5，10，20μg/kg)的NGF对荷腹水瘤H22小鼠进行治疗，观察其对小鼠腹水瘤H22的影响。利用放射免疫测定法(RIA)测定荷瘤小鼠血浆内皮素(ET)含量。结果：NGF大剂量组对小鼠腹水瘤H22有明显的抑制作用(抑瘤率46．36％)。荷腹水瘤H22小鼠ET水平明显高于对照组(P＜0．05)，大剂量组小鼠ET含量明显降低(P＜0.05)。结论：NGF对小鼠腹水瘤H22细胞的生长具有抑制作用．可能与其降低荷瘤鼠ET水平有关。     

黄芪注射液对环磷酰胺治疗H22荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]研究黄芪注射液对环磷酰胺(CTX)化疗H22荷瘤小鼠的增效减毒作用及机制.[方法]采用移植性H22肝癌小鼠模型,随机分为模型组、CTX处理组、CTX+黄芪注射液高、中、低剂量联合用药组.各治疗组腹腔注射CTX 20 mg/kg,隔日1次,共5次;每次注射后6h分别腹腔注射生理盐水以及12、8、4 g/kg黄芪注射液0.2 ml/只,于末次给药后24 h,检测各组小鼠的抑瘤率、外周血白细胞数、脾指数、胸腺指数、IL-2、TNF-α等指标.分析黄芪注射液对CTX的增效减毒作用及机制.[结果]单用CTX组抑瘤率为61.8％,联用黄芪注射液低、中、高剂量组的抑瘤率分别为61.3％、67.5％、77.5％,其中CTX+黄芪注射液高剂量联合用药组与单用CTX组抑瘤率比较,抑瘤率有显著性差异(P＜0.05).黄芪注射液各组联用CTX与单用CTX组比较,可不同程度地升高荷瘤小鼠的白细胞数和胸腺指数、脾指数,且能提高荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-2和TNF-α的水平(P＜0.05).[结论]黄芪注射液可明显提高化疗后免疫缺陷小鼠的免疫功能,临床上可用于化疗后的辅助治疗.     

三七粉对小鼠S180移植肿瘤的抑制作用及免疫功能的影响

目的:观察三七粉对小鼠S180移植肿瘤的抑制作用及免疫功能的影响,为寻找有效和低毒的抗肿瘤药物提供有价值的实验资料。方法:建立小鼠S180腹水瘤及实体瘤模型,分别设羧甲基纤维素钠(SCMC)组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组及三七粉低(3 mg/kg)、中(6 mg/kg)、高(12 mg/kg)剂量组。观察腹水瘤小鼠生存时间,计算生命延长率;测实体瘤小鼠瘤重、脾重及胸腺重,计算抑瘤率、脾指数及胸腺指数。各组比较并进行统计学分析。结果:与SCMC组比较,三七粉中、高剂量组及CTX组生存时间均延长(P<0.05~P<0.01),瘤体均缩小(P<0.05~P<0.01);与SCMC组及CTX组比较,三七粉中、高剂量组脾指数和胸腺指数均升高(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:三七粉对小鼠S180移植肿瘤具有抑制作用,并可增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能。     

顺铂低剂量节律化疗抑制小鼠H22肝癌血管生成观察

目的 探讨顺铂低剂量节律(LDM)化疗对小鼠H22肝癌血管生成的影响,观察其抑瘤效果和毒副作用.方法 昆明小鼠皮下接种H22细胞,随机分为4组(每组12只),节律组A:顺铂0.6 mg/(kg·d)每日腹腔注入,每周5次;节律组B:顺铂1 mg/(kg·d)隔日腹腔注入,每周3次;对照组:生理盐水0.2 mL每日腹腔注入,每周5次,持续2周;最大耐受剂量(MTD)组:顺铂9 mg/(kg·d)一次腹腔注入.每隔2 d测量小鼠体质量及肿瘤直径.接种后第15天处死小鼠称瘤质量,行组织学观察,免疫组化法检测肿瘤内微血管密度(MVD)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达.结果 与MTD组相比较,节律组A、节律组B肿瘤生长缓慢,无明显的体质量减小.节律组A、节律组B、MTD组的抑瘤率分别为66.78%、55.56%、39.44%.节律组A、节律组B肿瘤MVD、VEGF、MMP-2表达较对照组、MTD组显著减少(F=9.56、9.38、10.17,q=3.56～6.18,P＜0.05);PCNA指数与对照组比较差异无显著性 (F=11.95,q=0.87,P＞0.05);MTD组PCNA指数较节律组、对照组明显降低,差异有显著性(q=6.18、6.10,P＜0.01).节律组A、节律组B瘤组织可见大量的细胞变性坏死,对照组和MTD组少见.结论 顺铂LDM化疗可显著抑制小鼠H22肿瘤的生长及血管生成,化疗效果好且毒性低;其抗血管生成作用可能与肿瘤内VEGF、MMP-2表达下调有关.     

仙鱼汤对小鼠Lewis肺癌的作用研究

[目的]探讨具有健脾清肺、化痰祛瘀作用的中药复方仙鱼汤对小鼠Lewis肺癌生长的抑制作用及其相关的分子机制.[方法]将50只Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠分为仙鱼汤高、中、低剂量组(剂量分别为1.747、0.874、0.437 g·kg-1·d-1),环磷酰胺(CTX)组(剂量为20 mg·kg-1·d-1),荷瘤模型组;计算各组小鼠平均瘤体质量及抑瘤率;制备单细胞悬液,采用流式细胞仪检测各组小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞周期、细胞凋亡率;采用免疫组化法检测各组Lewis肺癌小鼠的bcl-2基因的表达.[结果]仙鱼汤高、中、低剂量组及CTX组瘤体质量均低于模型组,肿瘤细胞凋亡率均高于模型组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),仙鱼汤各组随着药物剂量的增大,抑瘤率和肿瘤细胞凋亡率逐渐增加.仙鱼汤高、中、低剂量组及CTX组处于S期的细胞比例均低于模型组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),呈现明显的G0/G1期阻滞现象.仙鱼汤各剂量组bcl-2染色强度指数显著低于模型组(P＜0.01).[结论]仙鱼汤具有抑制小鼠Lewis肺癌生长的作用,其机理可能与通过降低bcl-2表达从而促进肿瘤细胞凋亡有关.     

5-氟尿嘧啶腹腔内缓释化疗对H22腹水瘤小鼠的抑瘤疗效观察

目的:观察5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)腹腔内缓释化疗对H22腹水瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用.方法:昆明种实验小鼠腹腔内注射0.2 ml H22腹水瘤细胞悬液(含癌细胞4×106)制备腹水瘤小鼠模型.成模小鼠分为生理盐水对照组、腹腔化疗组、缓释化疗组和缓释对照组4组,分别给予腹腔注射生理盐水、普通5-FU、5-FU缓释剂以及缓释对照品.观察各组小鼠的生存期;流式细胞仪测定腹腔注射后第9、12天各组小鼠腹水瘤细胞的凋亡率,计算增殖指数;腹腔注射后第12天电镜观察各组腹水瘤细胞涂片.结果:腹腔化疗组小鼠平均生存期低于缓释化疗组[(13.7±1.7) d vs (15.3±2.0) d, P＜0.05],但均明显高于生理盐水对照组和缓释对照组(P＜0.05),而后两者无显著差异.实验第9天,腹腔化疗组小鼠腹水瘤细胞的凋亡率(%)明显高于缓释化疗组(16.5±1.7 vs 8.1±0.9,P＜0.05),而第12天缓释化疗组明显高于腹腔化疗组(10.1±1.3 vs 7.6±0.8,P＜0.05).实验第9、12天,腹腔化疗组和缓释化疗组瘤细胞凋亡率均明显高于生理盐水对照组和缓释对照组(P＜0.05),后两者无显著差异.电镜观察结果显示腹腔化疗组和缓释化疗组腹水瘤细胞呈典型的凋亡形态学变化,而对照组瘤细胞形态无明显变化.结论:5-FU腹腔缓释化疗较腹腔化疗延长了荷瘤小鼠的生存期,对腹腔内肿瘤细胞的抑制作用较持久.     

角果木提取物Tagalsin对H22荷瘤小鼠Survivin和Caspase-3表达的影响

目的 探讨角果木提取物Tagalsin对H22肝癌细胞的抑制作用及其机制.方法 将H22肝癌细胞原位接种于小鼠肝脏,建立小鼠原位移植性肝癌模型,建立模型第10天将小鼠随机分为食用油空白对照组、卡莫氟阳性对照组和Tagalsin低、中、高剂量治疗组,末次给药24 h后处死小鼠;观察各组荷瘤小鼠的生存状态及体重变化,并计算各组小鼠的肿瘤近似体积和脾脏指数;观察肿瘤组织病理学变化;免疫组化方法检测各组Caspase-3、Survivin蛋白的表达;逆转录-酶链聚合反应(RT-PCR)技术检测Caspase-3、Survivin基因的表达.结果 Tagalsin能有效抑制H22肝癌细胞的生长,高剂量可使荷瘤小鼠的脾脏指数降低(P<0.01).Tagalsin低、中、高剂量治疗组的抑瘤率分别为17.89%、63.1%、71.78%,卡莫氟组的抑瘤率为63.12%;阳性对照组及Tagalsin中、高剂量治疗组Caspase-3蛋白的表达高于空白对照组(P均<0.05),而Survivin蛋白的表达低于空白对照组(P均<0.05);与空白对照组相比,Tagal-sin各治疗组及阳性对照组Caspase-3基因水平显著上调(P<0.05或P<0.01),而高剂量组及阳性对照组Survivin基因水平下调(P均<0.01).病理变化:Tagalsin高剂量组及阳性对照组肿瘤细胞体积缩小,胞浆浓染,核固缩,核仁不清,肿瘤细胞可见破碎,有较多凋亡细胞分布.结论 Tagalsin对H22肝癌细胞具有明显抑制作用,其机制可能与上调Caspase-3基因表达而下调Survivin基因的表达有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.