超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶对大鼠急性肺损伤的预防作用

大鼠尾静脉注射油酸造成急性肺损伤模型，观察到肺组织丙二醛、脂酰过氧化物和花生四烯酸代谢产物、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），肺组织内大量ＰＭＮ扣押，血管内皮、基底膜受损及肺泡水肿等。超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶可显著减轻上述病变，证实氧自由基清除剂通过抑制氧自由基反应和改善ＰＧＩ２／ＴＸＡ２平衡而对急性肺损伤有预防保护作用。     

次声作用后脑组织环核苷酸与TXA_2、PGI_2代谢改变及意义

本研究探讨次声作用后脑皮层组织环核甘酸与花生四烯酸代谢产物血栓素A2 (TXA2 )和前列环素(PGI2 )代谢改变及意义。将 40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照、次声作用 1次、7次、1 4次及代谢性谷氨酸受体拮抗剂α 甲基 4 羧基苯氨基乙酸 (MCPG)治疗 5组。采用本校研制的次声压力仓。次声作用组用 8Hz、1 2 0dB的次声按规定次数 ,每次作用 2h。各组到预定时间后 ,取脑组织匀浆 ,用放免进行环磷酸腺苷 (cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)与TXB2 及 6 酮 (TXA2 、PGI2 稳定代谢产物 )含量测定 ,并对脑组织匀浆进行蛋白定量。结果 :cAMP、cGMP与TXB2 及 6 酮含量 ,在次声作用 1次组 ,无显著改变 ;在 7次与 1 4次组 ,cAMP与TXB2 含量显著升高 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,6 酮含量明显降低 (P <0 .0 1 )。TXB2 /6 酮比值呈递增趋势 ;治疗组 :cAMP、TXB2 及 6 酮含量与TXA2 /PGI2 比值有明显恢复。提示次声可以通过引起脑cAMP、cGMP与TXA2 、PGI2 代谢改变造成脑损害 ,这是次声导致脑损害的重要因素之一。在相同强度的次声的作用下 ,作用次数的多少与脑cAMP、cGMP与TXA2 、PGI2 代谢改变程度呈直接相关关系。MCPG可能通过影响脑cAMP与TXA2 、PGI2 代谢改变而起脑保护作用。     

海拔5380m高原前列环素及α-颗粒膜蛋白水平的测定

目的 探讨进驻高海拔地区血小板活化程度及血栓素A2（TXA2）与前列环素（PGI2）的代谢产物血栓素B2（TXB2）和6－酮－前列腺素F1α（6-Keto-PGF1α）的变化。方法 对从平原进驻海拔5380m高原第7天及半年的20名青年进行血浆α-颗粒膜蛋白（GMP－140）、TXB2、Keto-PGF1α、血管性假血友病因子（vWF）及纤维蛋白原（Fg)检测,并与20名平原健康青年作对照。结果 进驻海拔5380m高原第7天及装卸较平原GMP-140、TXB2、TXB2／6－Keto-PGF1α（T/K）、vWF、Fg均显著增高,6－Keto-PGF1α显著降低（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。进驻5380m第7天较半年GMP－140、TXB2、T／K、vWF及Fg显著增高（P＜0．01）,6－Keto-PGF1α显著降低（P＜0．05）。结论 高原低氧促使血小板活化,TXA2合成增加和（或）PGI2生成减少导致TXA2／PGI2平衡失调,参与了低氧性肺动脉高压的形成。     

1,6-二磷酸果糖对内毒素损伤性肺组织的保护作用

目的 观察内毒素(ET)致兔急性肺损伤(ALI)后肺组织炎症反应指标及病理改变.探讨1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)对ET所致的兔ALI可能的保护性作用.方法 24只大耳白兔随机分为对照组(A组)、ET致伤组(B组)、ET致伤 FDP干预组(C组),每组8只.A组仅注射生理盐水作为空白对照,B、C组经静脉一次性注射ET复制兔ALI模型,C组在ET致伤后静注FDP作干预.6h后处死动物,观察肺组织病理改变,并测定肺组织中脂质过氧化物(LPO)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)和白介素13(IL-13)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 与A组相比,B组肺组织LPO和TXB2含量显著增高(P＜0.05, P＜0.01),SOD活性显著降低(P＜0.05),6-keto-PGF1α和IL-13含量则无明显变化.C组LPO含量和SOD活性较A组无显著变化,而TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α和IL-13含量则较A组显著增加(P＜0.01).光、电镜下观察,A组肺组织结构基本正常,B组病理损害明显,C组损伤较轻.结论 ALI过程中,氧化损伤、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α比值失衡和保护性细胞因子分泌不足是导致肺组织病理损伤的重要因素.FDP可抑制氧化损伤, 改善TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α平衡并促进保护性细胞因子分泌,从而在ET致兔ALI的过程中对肺组织起到一定的保护作用.     

尼群地平对肺缺血再灌注损伤后TXA_2和PGI_2变化的影响

目的　探讨静脉注射尼群地平对肺缺血再灌注后血栓素A2 (TXA2 )和前列环素(PGI2 )变化的影响。方法　用大鼠在体肺温缺血再灌注模型和放免法检测缺血再灌注肺血栓素B2 (TXB2 )、6-酮 -前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)含量 ,同时行病理学检查。结果　药物治疗显著降低了TXB2 含量 (P <0 .0 1) ,使 6-Keto -PGF1α含量和 6-Keto -PGF1α TXB2 比值升高 (P <0 .0 1)。并减轻了肺缺血再灌注损伤程度。结论　静脉注射尼群地平治疗具有防止缺血再灌注肺TXA2 PGI2 平衡紊乱作用 ,可改善血流 ,从而减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

颅脑损伤后血小板活化因子和血栓素B2的早期变化

血小板活化因子是一种炎症脂质衍生物，以花生四烯酸的衍生物类花生酸类物质作为第二介质加剧脑损伤，血栓素B2（TXB2）的前体血栓素A2（TXA2）是强烈的血管收缩剂，为了进一步明确血小板活化因子（PAF）和TXB，在颅脑损伤后的含量及作用，笔者于2002年9月-2004年12月检测了60例急性脑外伤患者血浆中两种物质的含量。现报告如下。     

内毒素致兔早期急性肺损伤机制的探讨

目的采用氯喹干预的方法,研究大肠杆菌内毒素（日）致兔早期急性肺损伤的机制。方法大耳白兔随机分为对照组、ET致伤组、ET致伤＋氯喹治疗组。静脉注射ET（500μg／kg）引起兔早期肺损伤,测定动脉血气分析、外周血白细胞及血小板计数变化、血清及肺组织中磷脂酶A2（PLA2）活性、肺组织脂质过氧化物（LPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）变化,取肺组织进行光镜及电镜病理检查,观察ET的致伤作用及PLA2抑制剂氯喹对早期肺损伤病理生理过程的影响。结果静注ET后兔出现动脉血氧分压（PaO2）下降、外周血白细胞及血小板减少、肺内白细胞扣押等早期肺损伤病理改变。ET组血清及肺组织中PLA2活性增高,肺组织LPO增高（P〈0．05）,SOD明显降低（P〈0．05）。ET组病理检查见肺水肿,部分肺组织片状出血,炎细胞浸润,透明膜形成,伴局灶性肺不张和肺气肿。超微病理改变表现为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞损伤,血管内皮细胞肿胀,肺泡隔明显增厚。氯喹治疗组PaO2未见下降,血清及肺组织PLA2活性低于ET组（P〈0．05,P〈0．05）,LPO降低（P〈0．01）,SOD增高（P〈0．01）,病理检查见轻度肺水肿,炎细胞浸润较ET组少,肺组织超微病理检查显示损伤轻于ET组。结论静脉注射ET可复制兔早期肺损伤动物模型,氯喹具有抑制PLA2激活、减轻肺组织内氧化损伤的作用,实验结果证实PLA2激活及氧化应激在ET致兔早期急性肺损伤的发病机制中具有重要作用。     

中药对超长皮瓣成活影响的SOD动态观察

组织的坏死与脂质过氧化物质(LPO)密切相关。SOD是氧自由基的清除剂,能清除脂质过氧化产物,对组织细胞产生保护作用。在采用中药生脉注射液、复方丹参注射液、红花注射液对超长随意皮瓣成活影响的研究中,观察了红细胞SOD的变化。结果表明所用药物具有抗氧化能力,给药后静脉血中SOD活力升高,LPO降低,提示此类药物可诱导机体合成SOD以对抗自由基。随着LPO的清除,组织的损害减轻并得恢复,对皮瓣成活有良好作用。     

pH值对低温肺保护液减轻体外循环未成熟肺损伤的影响

目的：观察不同pH值低温肺保护液对体外循环（CPB）未成熟肺急性肺损伤的保护作用。探求最适PH值的低温肺保护液,方法：实验用幼犬36只,随机分为6组：A组,单纯体外循环组：B至F组在体外循环阻断主,肺动脉期间分别用不同PH值的肺保护液进行肺动脉灌注。B组－F组PH值分别为6．6,7．0,7．4,7．8,8．2,阻断主,肺动脉60min,再灌注60min后,取标本,分别采用髓过氧化酶法,硫代巴比妥酸法和硝酸还原酶法测定髓过氧化物酶（MPO）,丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO）,测定肺组织含水量和进行肺组织超微结构观察。结果：C,D,E,F组的MPO和MDA均较A组明显降低（P＜0．05,P＜0．01,P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,其中E组最低：NO含量明显上升（P＜0．05,P＜0．01,P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,肺组织含水量降低,其中D,E组相差显著（P＜0．01,P＜0．01）,同时发现灌注组的II型上皮细胞,肺血管内皮细胞损伤减轻,结论：低温肺保护液可减轻体外循环未成熟肺损伤,其中PH值为7．＝8的肺保护液,效果最好。     

血栓心脉宁胶囊对大鼠实验性心肌梗死的保护作用

 目的研究血栓心脉宁胶囊对大鼠实验性心肌梗死的保护作用.方法通过结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支(Leftanterior descending coronary artery,LAD)建立急性心肌梗死模型,观察血栓心脉宁胶囊对实验性心肌梗死的影响及其作用机制.结果血栓心脉宁胶囊2、4g/kg灌胃7 d,对急性心肌梗死24h大鼠,可明显缩小梗死面积,降低血清CK、LDH活性及脂质过氧化物(Lipid peroxidation,LPO)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并能使血浆血栓素A2(TXA2)水平明显下降,前列环素(PGI2)水平及PGI2/TXA2比值明显增高,亦可使心肌梗死区游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量明显降低.结论血栓心脉宁胶囊对急性心肌缺血具有明显保护作用,可能与其增强抗氧化酶活性,减少自由基对心肌的氧化损伤,纠正心肌缺血时FFA代谢紊乱及PGI2/TXA2平衡失调等机制有关.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）