肺癌患者放射性肺炎诊治回顾性分析

目的:回顾性分析肺癌患者接受胸部放疗后并发放射性肺炎的发生率,了解其发生的相关因素及诊治情况。方法:选取接受胸部放疗的Ⅱ～Ⅳ期肺癌患者968例,研究照射剂量、面积等14个因素对放射性肺炎发生的影响。应用SPSS 13.0进行χ2检验的单因素分析。结果:113例患者均发生不同程度的放射性肺炎,发生率11.7%(113/968)。单因素分析显示,放疗剂量、射野面积、辐照体积V30及合并胸腔积液、肺部感染、有肺慢性疾病病史是放射性肺炎的主要影响因素;肿瘤病理类型、临床分期、性别、合并化疗、糖尿病与放射性肺炎无关。放射性肺炎的治疗除吸氧、支气管扩张剂等一般处理外,抗生素加激素治疗是关键。结论:照射野面积大和剂量高的患者放射性肺炎的发生率明显增高,在肺癌放疗中正确设计放疗靶区,全面了解患者的肺部并发症,可明显减少放射性肺炎的发生机会。     

放射性皮炎预防与治疗研究进展

放射性皮炎是肿瘤患者放疗过程中最常见的并发症之一,其发生率及严重程度与治疗相关因素及患者自身危险因素等有关。放射性皮炎可影响患者生活质量,严重者甚至导致治疗中断,进而使肿瘤控制率下降。目前评估急性放射性皮炎的预防措施的随机对照研究很少,临床处理存在很大差异。本文针对放射性皮炎的发病机制、危险因素、临床表现、评估、预防和治疗进行探讨。     

乳腺癌术后放疗所致放射性肺炎相关因素分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者术后放疗发生放射性肺炎的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析117例术后乳腺癌患者放疗的照射剂量、化疗周期,同时分析行内分泌治疗、年龄、Karnofsky评分与放射性肺炎发生的关系.结果 临床有放射性肺炎症状者11例,占9.4%;有影像学改变的放射性肺炎31例,占26.5%.放射性肺炎与放疗剂量、化疗周期和年龄有关.结论 放射性肺炎是乳腺癌术后放疗患者常见的并发症之一,高龄、高照射剂量、化疗周期增多会增加放射性肺炎的发生率.     

鼻咽癌放射性甲状腺功能减退的相关因素研究

目的:通过分析甲状腺剂量学参数,探索放疗后甲状腺功能减退(甲减)的主要因素,寻找甲状腺最佳剂量参数。方法:收集中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院206例鼻咽癌放疗患者的一般临床特征及甲状腺、垂体剂量学参数,分析与甲减发生率的相关性。结果:鼻咽癌患者放疗后甲减发生率为50.49%(104/206),单因素分析显示性别、N分期、甲...     

鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病影响因素分析

目的探讨鼻咽癌放射治疗后发生放射性脑病的影响因素。方法收集江门市中心医院2007年1月至2010年1月收治的鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病患者的临床资料,总结其临床特点,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归进行相关危险因素的分析,探讨影响鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病的独立危险因素。结果同期560例鼻咽癌放射患者共26例发生了放射性脑病,发生率4.64%(26/560);发生放射性脑病的患者中首程放疗患者23例,中位潜伏期30个月(6~69个月),好发部位为双侧颞叶。通过单因素分析显示年龄、射线种类、再程放疗、放化疗疗程、临床分期是影响患者放疗后放射性脑病的因素;多因素分析显示射线种类、再程放疗、放化疗疗程、临床分期属于晚期是影响放疗后放射性脑病的独立危险因素。结论鼻咽癌放射性脑病是一个多因素的结果,射线种类、再程放疗、放化疗疗程、临床分期是主要影响因素,放射性脑病影响患者预后及生存质量。     

乳腺癌术后放疗引起放射性肺损伤的临床分析

目的 分析乳腺癌术后放疗引起放射性肺损伤的临床相关因素,为优化放疗计划提供参考。方法 对96例术后放疗的乳腺癌患者进行回顾性分析,观察手术方式,术后放疗的照射野、照射剂量,辅助化疗的种类、年龄、肺部原有基础疾病与放射性肺损伤发生率的关系。结果 96例乳腺癌患者中发生放射性肺损伤19例,放射性肺损伤的发生与照射野、照射剂量有关(P＜0.05)。结论 术后放疗照射野的设计和放疗剂量的增加是放射性肺损伤发生率增高的主要因素。     

乳腺癌术后放疗晚期放射性肺损伤的临床分析

目的:了解乳腺癌根治性手术后放射治疗患者晚期放射性肺损伤的发病情况并探讨其影响因素.方法:分析74例根治/改良根治术后放疗的乳腺癌患者的临床资料,其放疗后随访时间为12～84个月(中位数33.6个月).采用LENT-SOMA标准,从主观症状和客观体征(X线胸片)两方面研究晚期放射性肺损伤的发生情况,并采用Logistic回归分析其相关的发病因素.结果:晚期放射性肺损伤在主观症状和客观体征方面的发生率分别为16.2%和37.8%.多因素分析表明:患者年龄(＞47岁≤)、吸烟史(有和无)、接受化疗周期数(3～6周期和＞6周期)晚期放射性肺损伤的发生率分别为23.3%和47.7%(P=0.034)、0和41.2%(P=0.046)、31.0%和62.5%(P=0.022).结论:晚期放射性肺损伤是乳腺癌术后放疗患者较常见的并发症之一,有一些临床因素会增加该病的发生率.     

局部晚期宫颈癌放射治疗对直肠功能影响的研究进展

局部晚期宫颈癌患者接受放疗治疗过程中,放射性直肠炎的发生率较高,该并发症是最常见的放疗毒副反应。近年来,国内外的很多研究证实,局部晚期宫颈癌患者放疗中及放疗后存在的放射性直肠反应,会对患者的生命质量构成影响。影响放射性直肠炎的因素较多,主要为体外照射技术、腔内治疗方式、DICRU点剂量、剂量体积等。本文就目前国内外关于局部晚期宫颈癌放射治疗对直肠功能的影响因素进行综述,为放射性直肠毒副反应的临床处理提供参考方向。     

放射性肺炎的CT诊断及预防

目的探讨放射性肺炎的CT诊断价值及发生的相关因素.方法对32例放射性肺炎患者胸部CT征象进行评定,并通过临床观察,对放射性肺炎相关因素进行分析.结果370例胸部肿瘤放疗患者中发生放射性肺炎32例,发生率8.65%oCT诊断较X线敏感,有特征表现.而且对肺炎的不同时期可做出正确判断.对肺炎的发生因素,除放疗技术外,个人体质、吸烟、手术等都有其影响.结论利用CT扫描对胸部放疗患者进行随诊观察,可指导临床医师及时调整放疗方案及合理用药.达到预防放射性肺炎的发生或控制其发展的作用.     

血液学检查可早期筛查鼻咽癌放射性甲状腺功能减退高危患者

目的 分析鼻咽癌患者血液学检查结合临床因素与放射性甲状腺功能减退(甲减)的关系。方法 回顾性分析2015-2018年在中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院接受放疗的206例鼻咽癌患者,分析一般临床资料、血液学检查与甲减相关性,建立血液学预测模型。结果 单因素分析显示性别、N分期、甲状腺体积、平均剂量、V_20Gy、V_25Gy、V_30Gy、V_35Gy、V_40Gy、V_45Gy、纤维蛋白原含量、胆碱酯酶以及中性粒细胞计数与甲减发生率密切相关。多因素分析显示甲状腺体积、纤维蛋白原含量和胆碱酯酶是甲减的独立预测因素。结论 联合性别、N分期、甲状腺体积、甲状腺剂量参数、纤维蛋白原含量、胆碱酯酶、中性粒细胞百分比和中性粒细胞计数指标可预测甲减发生率(AUC=0.777)。     

Radiotherapy-induced thyroid disorders

Despite their specific functional consequences, radiotherapy-induced thyroid abnormalities remain under-estimated and underreported. These sequelae may include primary or central hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, Graves' disease, euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy, benign adenomas, multinodular goitre and radiation-induced thyroid carcinoma. Primary hypothyroidism, the most common radiation-induced thyroid dysfunction, affects 20-30% of patients administered following curative radiotherapy to the neck region, with approximately half of the events occurring within the first 5 years after therapy. The relative risk of radiation-induced cancer (mainly well-differentiated tumours) is 15-53-fold higher than in non-irradiated population. The aetiology of radiation-induced thyroid injury includes vascular damage, parenchymal cell damage and auto-immune reactions. Total radiotherapy dose, irradiated volume of the thyroid gland, and the extent of prior thyroid resection are among the most important factors associated with the risk of hypothyroidism. The contribution of other treatment modalities (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy) as well as patient- and tumour-related factors is less clear. Reduction in radiation dose to the thyroid gland and hypothalamic/pituitary complex should be attempted whenever possible. New radiotherapy techniques, such as stereotactic radiosurgery, three-dimensional conformal irradiation, intensity modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy allow generally better dose distribution with lower dose to the non-target organs. The diagnostic approach to thyroid radiation injury includes baseline thyroid function assays in all patients undergoing thyroid or parasellar irradiation. Recommended follow-up procedures include at least annual evaluation with a history for symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, clinical examination, and measurement of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin. Management of overt hypothyroidism is based on hormone replacement therapy. Thyroid hormone therapy is also recommended in cases of subclinical hypothyroidism. Treatment of other radiation-induced thyroid disorders (thyroiditis, Graves' disease, thyroid cancer) is similar to that employed in spontaneously occurring conditions. Further improvements in radiotherapy techniques and progress in endocrine diagnostics and therapy may allow better prevention and management of radiation-related thyroid injury.     

鼻咽癌放疗继发外耳道癌影响因素初步分析

目的 初步分析放疗后继发外耳道癌(RIEACC)患者临床特征和影响发病的因素。方法 回顾分析1990-2017年间确诊RIEACC的16例患者病例资料,应用Logistic回归分析影响发病的因素。结果 单因素分析显示患者年龄、吸烟史、肿瘤家族史、分期是影响放疗后发生RIEACC的因素;而多因素分析显示年龄、肿瘤家族史、鼻咽癌分期是影响放疗后发生RIEACC危险因素。结论 RIEACC是鼻咽癌放疗后的少见并发症,初步证明年龄、肿瘤家族史、鼻咽癌分期是主要影响因素,虽然发病率低但恶性程度高应高度警惕。     

头颈部肿瘤放射治疗后甲状腺功能减退的研究进展

近年来随着放疗技术的改进,以放疗为主的综合治疗明显提高了头颈部肿瘤患者的生存率,放疗后患者的生存质量问题,已成为目前研究的焦点之一。尽管传统观念认为甲状腺具放射抵抗性,受到照射后一般不会出现功能异常,但是近年来国内外的很多研究显示,头颈部肿瘤患者放疗后的确存在甲状腺功能低下,已对患者的生存质量构成影响。甲状腺功能减退作为头颈部肿瘤放射治疗后的并发症正逐渐受到人们的关注。放射治疗对甲状腺功能变化影响的临床研究进展,可为防治甲状腺功能减退提供依据。     

Radiation-induced sarcomas after breast cancer: experience of Institute Curie and review of literature]

Adjuvant radiotherapy to the breast plays a significant role in preventing local failure in women treated for early stage breast cancer. This fact is supported by multiple clinical trials demonstrating that adjuvant radiotherapy decreases the risk of local recurrence and increases the rate of breast preservation, and actually the rules of adjuvant breast irradiation are clearly established. Sarcomas are a rare but recognized complication of radiation therapy for breast carcinoma, and are associated with poor prognosis. The first case of a bone sarcoma after radiation therapy of breast cancer was described by Beck in 1922. In 1948, Cahan et al. defined the criteria for diagnosis of radiation-induced sarcoma. Since then, some studies have reported the incidence of radiation-induced sarcoma after radiotherapy for different cancers. This article reports and discusses the incidence, management and treatment outcome of radiation-induced sarcomas occurring after radiotherapy for breast cancer in our institute. The incidence, histology, latency of appearance, genesis, their treatment and the prognostic factors of these rare tumors are discussed and the literature is reviewed.     

Early screening of high-risk patients with radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by hematological examination

Objective To analyze the relationship between hematological examination combined with clinical factors and radiation-induced hypothyroidism (HT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Clinical data of 206 patients with NPC who received radiotherapy in Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences between January 2015 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between general clinical data, hematological examination and HT was analyzed to establish a hematological prediction model. Results Univariate analysis showed that sex, N-stage, thyroid volume, average dose, V20Gy, V25Gy, V30Gy, V35Gy, V40Gy, V45Gy, fibrinogen content, cholinesterase and neutrophil count were closely associated with the incidence of HT. Multivariate analysis showed that thyroid volume, fibrinogen content and cholinesterase were the independent predictors of HT. Conclusion The combination of sex, N-stage, thyroid volume, dose parameters, fibrinogen content, cholinesterase, neutrophil percentage and neutrophil count can predict the incidence of HT (AUC=0.777).     

放射性肺损伤发生机制研究进展

放射性肺损伤(RILI)是胸部肿瘤放疗过程中常见并发症,可分为早期放射性肺炎和晚期放射性肺纤维化。目前临床上主要使用糖皮质激素控制早期炎症,而放射性肺纤维化尚无有效治疗药物,患者最终会因呼吸功能衰竭而死亡。RILI的发病机制尚未完全阐明,目前报道的相关机制包括遗传异质性、氧化应激、细胞损伤等。本文就RILI的发病机制进行文献综述。     

Incidence of hypothyroidism after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objectives: The thyroid gland is frequently affected by radiotherapy applied for the treatment of head and neck tumors. Hypothyroidism is observed as a late side effect of radiotherapy, especially seen in the patients who have surgery in the treatment procedure. Methods: We evaluated the radiation-induced hypothyroidism for a selected type of head and neck cancer—nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC)—which does not include surgery involving the thyroid gland in the treatment. Results: We observed 12 patients (14%) who developed hypothyroidism, two of which were subclinical hypothyroidism. The patients with hypothyroidism were statistically significantly younger than the euthyroid patients, but there were no statistically significant differences among the two groups in disease stages, radiotherapy neck doses, and gender. Conclusions: We recommend life-long TSH screening after RT to the neck owing to the incidence of RT-induced hypothyroidism and the importance of early thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients becoming hypothyroid for maintaining optimal quality of life.