药物涂层球囊在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死中应用的有效性及安全性研究

目的 探讨药物涂层球囊在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者中应用的有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析阜外华中心血管病医院明确诊断为STEMI并接受急诊介入治疗及有效随访患者106例,其中34例给予药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗,72例给予药物洗脱支架(DES)治疗,随访10个月并复查冠状动脉(冠脉)造影,比较两组靶病...     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死的介入治疗

对于急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的诊治,策略是迅速、充分、持续开通梗死相关动脉.大量临床研究显示急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者迅速施行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗获益显著.随着临床实践的深入和新技术的发展,介入治疗的策略也不断更新.本文拟对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者治疗中的研究现状进行阐述.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的直接介入治疗研究进展

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myo-cardial infarction,STEMI)的主要病理生理机制为动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂或内皮侵蚀合并闭塞性血栓形成,导致冠脉血流的完全中断。因此,再灌注治疗是STEMI综合治疗的基础。直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗STEMI药物溶栓和直接经皮冠     

aVR导联ST段抬高对非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的意义

目的：探讨aVR导联ST段抬高（ ST segment elevation ,STSE）对于非STSE型急性心肌梗死（ acute myocardial infarction , AMI ）的预测价值。方法回顾性分析425例非STSE 型AMI患者的心电图资料,并观察各导联ST段压低情况及是否存在T波倒置。对所测定数据进行整理和统计学处理。结果 aVR导联STSE多见于完全性右束支阻滞、左心室肥厚以及V1导联STSE的患者,在其他导联广泛ST段压低的患者中也较为多见;此类情况在T波倒置患者中较少见。本研究中,22例在住院时死亡,其中5例死于心源性休克。患者住院死亡率的不断升高和aVR导联STSE的等级不断上升相关。多重变量分析表明,aVR导联STSE已经成为预测住院死亡的独立重要变量。 aVR导联STSE大都与住院患者的心肌缺血时间以及发生心力衰竭相关,但是与血清肌酸激酶或肌酸激酶同工酶 MB 的水平高低没有相关性。结论如果aVR导联STSE和严重冠状动脉病变之间的联系,能够在大样本非STSE型AMI患者群体中得到进一步验证,那么aVR导联STSE就可以成为选择早期介入治疗患者的一个较为有用的指标。     

非ST段抬高与ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死冠状动脉病变特征比较

目的比较非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEAMI)与ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEAMI)冠状动脉病变的特点。方法回顾NSTEAMI与STEAMI患者的临床及冠状动脉造影资料,分析二者的临床特点及冠状动脉病变血管的支数、狭窄程度及侧支循环情况。结果NSTEAMI组的多支病变率为76.00%、≥75%的严重狭窄率为53.00%,侧支循环率为36.00%,三者均高于STEAMI组,而完全闭塞率为10.00%,低于STEAMI组。两组间高血压、糖尿病患病率差异无统计学意义。在病变血管的构成上组间无差异。结论NSTEAMI的冠状动脉病变程度高于STEAMI,完全闭塞率低于后者,二者具有不同的冠状动脉病变特点。     

急性ST段抬高型与非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白T浓度对比

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)浓度对ST段抬高型AMI与非ST段抬高型AMI的诊断价值。方法分析2007年1月至2011年10月在该院就诊的113例AMI患者,对比发病后4 h血清cTnT浓度,并比较其中转上级医院行冠脉造影的53例AMI患者相关冠状血管完全闭塞与不完全闭塞血清cTnT浓度。结果①61例ST段抬高型AMI,cTnT浓度为(0.90±0.69)ng/ml,52例急ST段抬高型AMI,cTnT浓度为(0.65±0.50)ng/ml,两组cTnT浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②31例ST段抬高型AMI冠脉造影证实相关冠状血管完全闭塞的28例患者cTnT浓度为(0.94±0.71)ng/ml,22例非ST段抬高型AMI冠脉造影证实相关冠状血管不完全闭塞的19例患者cTnT浓度为(0.69±0.55)ng/ml,两组cTnT浓度对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 ST段抬高型AMI患者血清cTnT浓度明显高于非ST段抬高型AMI患者血清cTnT浓度较高的AMI多见于相关的冠状血管完全闭塞。     

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死NT-proBNP与急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死NT-proBNP对比观察

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死NT-proBNP的水平与急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死NTproBNP水平有无差异。方法对201例即符合＂急性心肌梗死诊断标准＂又距离发病时间小于12小时的病人,入院后立即采静脉血3毫升,使用广州万孚生物技术股份有限公司生产的＂飞测＂免疫荧光检测仪检测NT-proBNP;根据心电图分为急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死组与急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死组,将两组的NT-proBNP进行对比观察,进行统计学分析。结果急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死组NT-proBNP的水平明显高于急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死组NT-proBNP水平,两组对比有显著差异,P〈0.01。结论 NT-proBNP的水平与急性心肌梗死时冠状动脉是否完全闭塞,导致心肌细胞坏死的多少有密切关系。     

ST段抬高与急性心肌梗死

心肌梗死时ST段抬高是心肌急性损伤的标志,是心梗早期诊断和再灌注治疗选择的重要依据;成功的心肌再灌注治疗可缩短ST段的演变时程,ST段的早期快速回降是心肌组织水平再灌注的客观指标;ST段抬高的幅度、导联数、形态和演变(动态变化),特别是ST段的再抬高和持续抬高均有重要的临床意义.     

急性心肌梗死ST段抬高形态的临床意义

心电图ＳＴ段抬高是急性心肌梗死的最早期表现之一 ,其规律性演变过程是诊断急性心肌梗死的重要标准。急性心肌梗死时多种形态的ＳＴ段抬高早有记载 ,但对各种形态抬高的临床意义国内外鲜有报道。本文论述急性心肌梗死时各种形态ＳＴ段抬高及其临床意义 ,着重讨论墓碑形ＳＴ段抬高的特性及其对急性心肌梗死的预后意义。一、ＳＴ段抬高的类型急性心肌梗死时 ,ＳＴ段抬高可呈不同形态 ,在评价其临床意义时应注意抬高幅度、形态 ,并结合Ｔ波改变情况综合分析。１．凹面形抬高 (图１)急性心肌梗死时 ,ＳＴ段呈凹面向上抬高 ,可持续数ｈ至～数周 …     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接介入治疗院内死亡原因分析

目的分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)院内死亡原因。方法连续入选自首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院心内科2010年1月至2013年12月因STEMI行直接PCI院内死亡患者资料,回顾性分析其死亡原因。结果总计1314例STEMI患者进行直接PCI治疗,住院期间死亡44例,病死率3.3%;发病到就诊平均时间(5.3±4.6)h;43.8%的患者梗死相关血管为前降支,其中11例行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA),33例患者植入支架44枚,平均每例患者植入支架(1.1±0.8)枚。主要死亡原因为心源性休克56.8%,其次为心脏破裂占20.5%,15.9%死于血管并发症(包括无复流、支架内血栓、冠状动脉穿孔、夹层)。结论 STEMI患者直接PCI院内死亡原因依次为心源性休克、心脏破裂、血管并发症。     

14例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊PCI的近期疗效观察

目的观察心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的疗效及安全性。方法对14例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者在发病12h内行急诊PCI.其中急性前壁、急性前间壁心梗10例,急性下壁心梗4例。结果14例患者中,冠脉造影显示梗死相关动脉(IRA)为前降支8例,回旋支3例,右冠脉4例,13例患者(92.9%)介入治疗获得成功,置入支架15枚,全部获得TIMI血流3级。1例因术中发生室颤,经除颤转为窦性心律后家属放弃手术未能成功。结论对急性STEMI患者行急诊PCI治疗是积极有效的,安全性高,能明显提高患者生活质量,降低住院死亡率。     

急性心肌梗死的延迟冠状动脉介入治疗

目的 探讨延迟冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析我院2003年4月～2006年3月发病超过12h 110例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死病人的临床资料。根据其是否接受冠状动脉介入治疗分为：延迟冠脉介入治疗组42例及药物治疗组68例。记录并分析两组住院及随访期间主要心脏事件的发生情况。结果 两组的基本情况除介入治疗组病人的年龄较药物治疗组偏小外．其他临床特征差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。介入治疗手术成功率：95％（40／42）。导丝无法通过病变手术失败1例,术后并发蛛网膜下腔出血1例,术中无死亡病例。两组住院及随访期间主要心脏事件发生情况：介入治疗组累计死亡1例（3．1％）;药物治疗组累计死亡7例（10．3％）,介入治疗组明显低于药物治疗组（P〈0．001）。主要心脏事件发生率,住院期间介入治疗组为34．5％,药物治疗组为50．0％;随访期间介入治疗组为37．5％,药物治疗组为60．3％。两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论 与常规药物治疗相比,延迟冠状动脉介入治疗安全有效,能明显改善急性心肌梗死的预后。     

早期应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的有效性及安全性分析

目的评价在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中早期应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班的有效性和安全性。方法将80例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为替罗非班组（替罗非班＋直接PCI,40例）和对照组（直接PCI,40例）。比较两组患者梗死相关动脉PCI后即刻TIMI血流、术后90min心电图ST段回落百分比、术后7d左室射血分数、术后30d内主要不良心脏事件（心绞痛、心肌梗死、死亡）、出血和血小板减少的发生率。结果替罗非班组PCI后慢复流发生率及主要不良心脏事件的发生率均低于对照组（P〈0．05）,出血并发症的发生与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论早期应用替罗非班能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI后梗死相关血管的TIMI血流,减少PCI后主要不良心脏事件的发生率,临床应用安全有效。     

优化急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗

对ST段抬高型心肌梗死实施直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗不应只是为获得TIMI 3级血流,而应是良好的心肌灌注。可通过上游使用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂、他汀类调脂药,个体化正确使用血栓抽吸装置,必要时延迟支架植入等手段,优化直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术的效果。     

Anticoagulation with bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective analysis of high-risk patients treated with bivalirudin during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) without concomitant glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibition. BACKGROUND: Reperfusion by PCI is the treatment of choice for patients with STEMI. In patients with stable or unstable angina without ST-segment elevation undergoing PCI, bivalirudin was at least as effective as heparin plus GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in reducing ischemic events and more effective in preventing bleeding. There are no published studies detailing the use of bivalirudin in patients with STEMI. METHODS: From 09/02 to 05/03 at the Heart Care Centers of Illinois, Blue Island, Illinois. Ninety-one consecutive patients with STEMI underwent PCI with or without stent placement. Bivalirudin was administered as a bolus dose (0.75 mg/kg) followed by infusion (1.75 mg/kg/hr) for the duration of the procedure. Outcomes were recorded over a 30-day follow-up period. RESULTS: Patients (n = 91) had several high-risk characteristics (40% female, 30% diabetes mellitus, 21% previous MI and 18% cardiogenic shock). PCI procedures utilized balloons, stents, or a combination of both. Intraaortic balloon pumps were used for 41% and closure devices for 24% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation demonstrates excellent TIMI flow without the addition of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors. The low mortality and complication rates suggest anticoagulation with bivalirudin in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI is feasible and warrants further study in larger controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of bivalirudin in this patient population.     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后心电图ST段回落程度与预后的观察

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心电图ST段的回落程度与预后的关系.方法:入选225例患者,其中急性前壁梗死118例,非前壁心肌梗死107例.依据PCI后心电图ST段抬高总和与总回落百分比(sumSTR)将全部患者分为sumSTR＞70%组(完全回落组)、30%＜sumSTR≤70%组(部分回落组)及sumSTR≤30%组(未回落组),并对这3组患者的住院期间左室射血分数及6个月内总的主要心血管事件(MACE,包括心绞痛、再发心肌梗死、因心血管事件再入院、心力衰竭和死亡等)发生率的相关性进行对比分析.另外,对可能影响随访期间MACE发生的因素进行多因素回归分析.结果:完全回落组住院期间的左室射血分数[(56.62±7.53)%]较部分回落组[(53.4±9.45)%]及未回落组[(54.3±8.66)%]显著升高,均P＜0.05;完全回落组6个月内MACE发生率(16.3%)显著低于部分回落组(39.3%)和未回落组(48.3%),均P＜0.01.Logistic多因素回归分析提示前壁心肌梗死、sumSTR是随访6个月内MACE发生率的独立预测因子.结论:sumSTR与患者住院期间左室射血分数、6个月内MACE发生率相关;前壁心肌梗死、sumSTR是随访6个月内MACE发生率的独立预测因子.     

Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the care of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

There is general consensus that emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred treatment for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), so long as it can be delivered in a timely fashion, by an experienced' operator and cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) team. STEMI is both a functional and structural issue. Although it has been recognized since the work of pioneering cardiologists and surgeons in Spokane, Washington, that approximately 88% of patients presenting within 6 hours of onset of STEMI have an occluded coronary artery, it is the pathophysiology of myocardial necrosis, and the varied consequences of necrosis that characterize STEMI. Accordingly, experience' of both primary operator and cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) crew, in performing an emergency PCI for STEMI, are as much a function of experience with the treatment of complex MI patients, as experience with coronary intervention. Rapidly achieving normal coronary artery flow, at both the macro and micro vascular levels, is the recognized key to aborting the otherwise progressive wavefront' of myocardial necrosis. The time urgency of decisions (Time is muscle') make emergency PCI for patients with on-going necrosis, more like emergency room (ER) care, than like most in-hospital or outpatient care. In general, most patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are currently thought to have plaque rupture and/or erosion with subsequent thrombosis and embolization. Consequences of thrombo-embolism, such as slow flow' or no-reflow' are in addition to, the structural (anatomic) considerations of PCI in stable patients (such as ostial location; bifurcation involvement; heavy calcification; tortuosity of lesion or access to it; length of disease; caliber of infarct-artery; etc.). Good quality studies have provided strong support for the specific added value of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (especially abciximab), dual antiplatelet therapy (the addition of the thienopyridine, clopidogrel, to aspirin use), and bare-metal stents (BMS), for a broad range of STEMI patients. The added value of drug-eluting stents (DES) to bare-metal stents (BMS), primarily in terms of reducing restenosis and repeat revascularization, is supported by several randomized trials, and a number of registries, despite its being off-label' from a regulatory standpoint. The recognition of late stent thrombosis (LST) has raised additional issues, in choosing between these two options for specific STEMI patients. The added value of a number of other mechanical approaches to coronary thrombus, such as thrombus removal devices, and/or distal protection, are more controversial, and perhaps, patient specific. Whether intravascular ultrasound guidance (IVUS) for stent use should be used for the majority, or even a specific minority, of STEMI patients, is also controversial; late-stent thrombosis provides a counter-point. The advantages of developing a network approach to STEMI care, so as to optimize the number of patients receiving timely reperfusion, have been demonstrated in Prague, Denmark, and Minneapolis, among many places. The benefits of both bivalirudin (anti-thrombin drug with efficacy against clot-bound thrombin, which does not appear to stimulate platelets) and abciximab (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor which is antibody to platelet receptors), as PCI adjuncts generally, and for STEMI patients, in particular, are supported by multiple trials. The specific choice of administering the bolus dose of either, or both, drugs via intra-coronary (IC) injection follows the precedents' of IC thrombolytics, and IC small-vessel vasodilators for no-reflow', but it has not been tested by prospective, randomized trials. Although rapid reperfusion is the first objective, one cannot ignore the other components of the oxygen delivery chain, and the importance of each of these components to on-going delivery of oxygen to all vital organs. A balance must be struck between doing those control' things which serve to stabilize other vital components of the oxygen-delivery chain, without digressing too long from the job of re-establishing brisk coronary flow. The clinical and angiographic heterogeneity of STEMI patients and the array of available therapeutic approaches make it impossible to obtain specific randomized trial direction for many of the clinical decisions in an individual emergency PCI for STEMI. There are a range of reasonable/ appropriate therapeutic choices for a given emergent PCI performed by multiple experienced and competent operators. The treatment of STEMI, and high-risk non-STEMI, patients, by means of emergent PCI, is among the most challenging and rewarding arenas in contemporary medicine.     

依替巴肽冠状动脉内给药治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效评价

目的比较直接经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)时冠状动脉内或外周静脉内给予依替巴肽的临床疗效和安全性。方法计算机生成随机数后将52例STEMI患者分为两组:冠状动脉负荷组(冠状动脉组,n=26)和静脉治疗组(静脉组,n=26)。记录并分析患者术后TIMI血流分级(TFG)及修正的TIMI血流帧数(cTFC),术后90 min心电图ST段回落(STR),术后心脏功能参数,住院期间发生的任何出血事件及术后30 d主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。结果两组间TFG(χ~2=2.44,P=0.313)、MACE(3.8%比0,χ~2=0.00,P=1.000)、左心室射血分数(58.54%±4.56%比56.62%±6.69%,t=1.211,P=0.232)、左心室舒张末期内径[(49.96±4.85)mm比(51.42±6.35)mm,t=0.962,P=0.351]及室壁运动异常(80.77%比73.08%,χ~2=0.435,P=0.510)比较差异均无统计学意义。冠状动脉组完全STR回落比例显著高于静脉组(88.46%比61.54%,χ~2=5.24,P=0.025)。冠状动脉组cTFC帧数也明显少于静脉组(16.44±4.61比18.30±5.61,t=2.30,P=0.028)。两者间出血事件差异无统计学意义(3.85%比11.54%,χ~2=1.063,P=0.303)。结论对于急性STEMI行直接PCI术的患者,仅冠状动脉内负荷依替巴肽治疗方案可以改善术后心肌再灌注水平,是临床实践中可供选择的治疗方法。     

首次急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入术中发生心动过缓的危险因素

目的探讨首次急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入术(PPCI)中发生心动过缓的特点及其危险因素。方法选取安贞医院连续收入的首次急性STEMI并行PPCI的患者448例。根据术中是否发生心动过缓分为心动过缓组和对照组。术中发生心动过缓定义为术前心率≥60次/分,术中心率持续性或一过性60次/分。比较两组患者的基本临床资料、造影结果和手术相关资料的差异,分析首次急性STEMI患者PPCI术中发生心动过缓的危险因素。结果 PPCI术中心动过缓患者105例,对照组343例,术中心动过缓发生率为23.43%。研究共纳入32个指标,通过单变量分析发现,两组患者的罪犯血管完全闭塞、罪犯血管是前降支、罪犯血管是右冠状动脉、单多支血管病变、无复流、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肌酐和血红蛋白等参数组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多变量Logistic回归模型认为,无复流(OR=3.033,95%CI:1.479~6.223)和罪犯血管是右冠状动脉(OR=2.652,95%CI:1.602~4.391)可作为预测PPCI术中心动过缓发生的独立危险因素。结论无复流和罪犯血管是右冠状动脉可作为预测首次急性STEMI患者PPCI术中发生心动过缓的独立危险因素。