312例恶性淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯分析

目的 了解恶性淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯发生率、临床分期、病理类型及其与预后的关系。方法 ３１２例恶性淋巴瘤患者行骨髓涂片检查,其中１５３例同时骨髓活检切片检查,结果 ３１２例恶性淋巴瘤２骨髓涂片发现骨髓侵犯发生率为２１．５％,其中１５３例同时做骨髓涂片与骨髓活检切片,发现骨髓侵犯率分别为２０．９％和３３．３％。骨髓侵犯以弥漫型小淋巴细胞、弥漫型裂细胞和淋巴母细胞了,以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者多见。结论 骨髓活检可提高恶     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯之瘤细胞形态学特点观察

我们于1995年1月至1999年12月对经病理确诊的150例初治非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者进行骨髓穿刺涂片检查,并对受侵骨髓中淋巴瘤细胞的形态学特点进行分析,现报告如下:     

恶性淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯相关因素分析

目的 探讨恶性淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯的相关因素。方法分析恶性淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯57例初治患者的临床资料。结果恶性淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯与患者的年龄、病理类型、临床分期、受累部位、有无全身症状、病程等有关，年龄以30岁以下为多(50％)，病理类型以小淋巴细胞型及弥漫型裂细胞、淋巴母细胞、大细胞多见(84％)，临床分期以Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期为多(95％)，受累部位以纵隔及脾脏为多(44％、32％)，有全身症状者占63％，平均病程4．5月，45例NHL骨髓侵犯(BMI)患者仅有3例外周血象异常。结论恶性淋巴瘤患者年轻、病理类型差、临床分期晚、纵隔及脾脏受累、有全身症状、病程长者易出现骨髓侵犯，但BMI患者外周血象不能提示骨髓侵犯。为正确分期和指导临床治疗，应常规行骨髓涂片检查。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯的临床及血液学分析

 目的 探讨NHL骨髓侵犯的临床特点以及与血液学之间的关系。方法 分析95例NHL骨髓侵犯患者的临床资料,进行常规骨髓穿刺和血液学检查。结果 发生骨髓侵犯病例中Ⅰ期4例（4.2%）,Ⅱ期12例（12.6%）,Ⅲ期36例（37.9%）,Ⅳ期43例（47.4%）;病理类型以小淋巴细胞性,弥漫型裂细胞性（改为：弥漫性大B细胞型淋巴瘤）和淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤多见;纵隔淋巴结肿大、脾脏肿大和脾受侵患者易发生骨髓侵犯;骨髓侵犯患者外周血中贫血56例（58.9%）,血小板减少42例（44.2%）,白细胞减少27例（28.4%）,白细胞增高49例（51.6%）,以贫血多见;三项均异常30例（31.6%）,至少一项不正常65例（68.4%）,淋巴瘤细胞白血病患者外周血象异常发生率高于骨髓浸润患者,尤其是白细胞增高或三项均异常者更常见于白血病;66例（69.5%）外周血分类中发现异常细胞;骨髓侵犯化疗有效率65.2%,中位生存期11.5个月。结论 NHL患者发生骨髓侵犯与临床分期、病理类型和受累部位相关,外周血象多有异常,应常规对初诊NHL患者进行骨髓检查,并要经常检测外周血象。     

伴骨髓侵犯的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的细胞遗传学特点分析

  目的  探讨伴骨髓侵犯(bone marrow involvement, BMI)弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-celllymphoma, DLBCL)患者的细胞遗传学特征。  方法  采用常规细胞遗传学(conventional cytogenetic, CC)分析55例伴BMI的DLBCL患者染色体核型; 采用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)检测其中18例患者IgH、Rb-1、D13S25、p53、ATM、Bcl-2、Bcl-6、c-MYC基因位点; 分析其细胞遗传学特征。  结果  55例患者中CC检测34例(61.8%)具有染色体核型异常(CA), 21例(38.2%)为复杂畸变, 14例(25.5%)高度复杂畸变。FISH检测示8例(44.4%)伴Bcl-2扩增, 2例(11.1%)伴Bcl-2易位, 7例(38.9%)伴IGH易位, 5例(27.8%)伴Bcl-6扩增, 5例(27.8%)伴p53缺失, 3例(16.7%)伴D13S25缺失, 2例(11.1%)伴Rb-1缺失及4例(22.2%)伴c-MYC扩增。3例CC正常患者经FISH检测出异常。随着骨髓侵犯程度的增加, 遗传学异常检出率增加。  结论  伴BMI的DLBCL患者CA检出率高, 各条染色体均有累及, 且复杂畸变核型异常多见; 检测细胞遗传学异常, FISH较CC灵敏性及特异性高; 骨髓侵犯程度较轻患者的细胞遗传学异常易于漏诊。      

非霍奇金淋巴瘤侵犯骨髓及合并淋巴瘤细胞白血病的临床分析

目的:了解非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯的特征与病理类型、临床表现、治疗及预后的关系。方法:413 例经病理学诊断为非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者经骨髓穿刺检查后,对112例诊断为骨髓侵犯患者的骨髓病理形态学特征、骨髓侵犯程度与临床表现、分期,疗效以及生存时间的关系进行分析。结果:骨髓侵犯的发生率为27．12％,骨髓侵犯的形态学特征与原发肿瘤的一致;骨髓侵犯以B细胞淋巴瘤多见,多发生在晚期;骨髓侵犯程度与临床表现、疗效、预后明显相关,骨髓侵犯越重,临床症状越重,预后不良。结论:非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯的形态学特征与原发肿瘤细胞的形态一致,骨髓侵犯程度越重,临床出现各种相关症状重,化疗的缓解率低,疗效差,生存期明显缩短,预后不良,但仍有治愈的机会。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤侵犯骨髓及合并淋巴瘤细胞白血病的临床分析

目的:了解非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯的特征与病理类型、临床表现、治疗及预后的关系.方法:413例经病理学诊断为非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者经骨髓穿刺检查后,对112例诊断为骨髓侵犯患者的骨髓病理形态学特征、骨髓侵犯程度与临床表现、分期,疗效以及生存时间的关系进行分析.结果:骨髓侵犯的发生率为27.12%,骨髓侵犯的形态学特征与原发肿瘤的一致;骨髓侵犯以B细胞淋巴瘤多见,多发生在晚期;骨髓侵犯程度与临床表现、疗效、预后明显相关,骨髓侵犯越重,临床症状越重,预后不良.结论:非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯的形态学特征与原发肿瘤细胞的形态一致,骨髓侵犯程度越重,临床出现各种相关症状重,化疗的缓解率低,疗效差,生存期明显缩短,预后不良,但仍有治愈的机会.     

可切除胃癌患者脉管侵犯的危险因素分析

目的分析可切除胃癌患者的临床病理特征,探讨其发生脉管转移的相关危险因素及对患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析接受手术切除的1 077例Ⅰ~Ⅲ期胃癌患者资料,根据是否发生脉管转移分为LVI阳性组(672例)与LVI阴性组(405例)。Logistic单因素和多因素分析患者临床病理特征与LVI的关系。利用生存分析研究Ⅰ期胃癌患者脉管侵犯与生存率之间的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小、分化类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、Lauren分型、神经侵犯以及CEA、CA125、CA199的升高是发生脉管侵犯的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤分化不良、浸润程度深、有淋巴结转移、侵犯神经、CA724升高是发生脉管侵犯的独立风险因素。有脉管侵犯的Ⅰ期胃癌患者5年生存率明显低于无脉管侵犯的患者,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论肿瘤分化不良、浸润程度深、有淋巴结转移、侵犯神经、CA724升高的胃癌患者更容易发生脉管侵犯。对于有可能发生脉管侵犯的Ⅰ期胃癌患者,应采取更积极的治疗手段。     

可切除胃癌患者脉管侵犯的危险因素分析

目的分析可切除胃癌患者的临床病理特征,探讨其发生脉管转移的相关危险因素及对患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析接受手术切除的1 077例Ⅰ~Ⅲ期胃癌患者资料,根据是否发生脉管转移分为LVI阳性组(672例)与LVI阴性组(405例)。Logistic单因素和多因素分析患者临床病理特征与LVI的关系。利用生存分析研究Ⅰ期胃癌患者脉管侵犯与生存率之间的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小、分化类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、Lauren分型、神经侵犯以及CEA、CA125、CA199的升高是发生脉管侵犯的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤分化不良、浸润程度深、有淋巴结转移、侵犯神经、CA724升高是发生脉管侵犯的独立风险因素。有脉管侵犯的Ⅰ期胃癌患者5年生存率明显低于无脉管侵犯的患者,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论肿瘤分化不良、浸润程度深、有淋巴结转移、侵犯神经、CA724升高的胃癌患者更容易发生脉管侵犯。对于有可能发生脉管侵犯的Ⅰ期胃癌患者,应采取更积极的治疗手段。     

胃癌骨髓转移的血液学特征和治疗方式探讨

目的 探讨胃癌骨髓转移患者的临床病理特征、治疗及预后.方法 回顾性分析9例胃癌骨髓转移患者的临床资料,总结其临床特点、诊断和治疗方法.结果 9例患者的年龄为18~68岁,中位年龄为51岁,病理均为低分化腺癌.患者均伴有其他部位转移,常见淋巴结和骨转移.骨痛、非感染性发热、红细胞和血小板二系下降、碱性磷酸酶和(或)乳酸脱氢酶不同程度升高、外周血涂片可见幼稚细胞是胃癌骨髓转移的常见表现.胃癌骨髓转移患者的中位生存期为34 d(11~266 d).结论 胃癌骨髓转移患者的预后差,熟悉胃癌骨髓转移的临床特点有利于早期诊断.     

Nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis rate of submucosal gastric cancer by analyzing clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis

Background

To combine clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer into a nomogram.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 262 patients with submucosal gastric cancer who underwent D2 gastrectomy between 1996 and 2012. The relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed. With multivariate logistic regression analysis, we made a nomogram to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also performed to assess the predictive value of the model. Discrimination and calibration were performed using internal validation.

Results

A total number of 48 (18.3%) patients with submucosal gastric cancer have pathologically lymph node metastasis. For submucosal gastric carcinoma, lymph node metastasis was associated with age, tumor location, macroscopic type, size, differentiation, histology, the existence of ulcer and lymphovascular invasion in univariate analysis (all P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that age ≤50 years old, macroscopic type III or mixed, undifferentiated type, and presence of lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer (all P<0.05). We constructed a predicting nomogram with all these factors for lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer with good discrimination [area under the curve (AUC) =0.844]. Internal validation demonstrated a good discrimination power that the actual probability corresponds closely with the predicted probability.

Conclusions

We developed a nomogram to predict the rate of lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer. With good discrimination and internal validation, the nomogram improved individualized predictions for assisting clinicians to make appropriated treatment decision for submucosal gastric cancer patients.     

胃癌骨髓转移3例临床分析并文献复习

目的:探讨胃癌骨髓转移的临床特点、诊治方法及预后。方法:报告3例胃癌骨髓转移病例,分析其诊断治疗经过并复习相关文献。结果:3例患者确诊前均被误诊,确诊主要靠骨髓涂片和胃镜组织病理活检。3例中2例接受联合化疗,症状缓解,生存期延长。1例未治,2个月后死亡。结论:胃癌骨髓转移发病率低易误诊且预后差,联合化疗能缓解症状,延长生存期。     

The presence of bone marrow cytokeratin-immunoreactive cells does not predict outcome in gastric cancer patients

The independent prognostic significance of isolated tumour cells in bone marrow is still a matter of debate. This study evaluated the possible association of bone marrow micrometastases with tumour progression and prognosis in patients affected by gastric cancer. Bone marrow aspirates from both iliac crests were obtained from 114 consecutive patients operated on for gastric cancer. The specimens were stained with monoclonal antibody CAM 5.2 which reacts predominantly with cytokeratin filaments 8 and 19. Among 114 cases analysed, 33 cases (29%) had cytokeratine-positive cells in the bone marrow. There was no significant relationship between the presence of bone marrow micrometastases and site, depth of tumour invasion, lymph node metastases, presence of metastases. Patients with cytokeratine-positive cells had a trend towards a diffuse type histology (P=0.06). Among the 88 curatively resected patients, median survivals were 40 months and 36 months for cytokeratine-negative and cytokeratine-positive subsets respectively (P=0.9). Recurrence of the disease was observed in 39 cases (44.3%); 11 of 24 (45.8%) in the cytokeratine-positive subset and 28 of 64 (43.7%) in the cytokeratine-negative subset. In conclusion in our experience the presence of cytokeratine-positive cells in the bone marrow of curatively resected gastric cancer patients did not affect outcome and its independent prognostic significance remains to be proven before its official acceptance in the TNM classification.     

Resection margin in patients with gastric cancer associated with esophageal invasion: Clinicopathological study

We investigated the correlations between resection margin involvement by carcinoma and a number of clinicopathological features in patients with gastric cancer and esophageal invasion. From January 1968 to December 1988, 1,040 patients with carcinoma of the stomach underwent gastric resection. Thirty-nine patients had tumor infiltration of the esophagus on histological examination of the resected specimens. The patients were divided into two groups on microscopic examination: those in whom the resection margin was less than 5 mm wide, and those in whom it exceeded 5 mm microscopically. There were 6 and 33 patients in the narrow and wide margin groups, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in tumor size, depth of cancer invasion, and macroscopic appearance between the two groups. The risk of resection margin involvement was high in tumors with the following features: large Borrmann type 4 tumor (macroscopic appearance and size) and infiltrative carcinoma (depth of invasion). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯69例临床分析

目的：探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）骨髓侵犯患者的临床特点、病理类型、细胞形态特征、治疗效果与预后。方法：对404例经病理学确诊为非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者行血常规,骨髓细胞学检查,分析其骨髓侵犯发生率、细胞形态特征、病理类型、临床表现、分期、疗效及预后的关系。结果：例患者中骨髓侵犯69例．404NHL（17．1％）,形态学特征与原发肿瘤一致,年龄35岁以下者多见（53．6％）,病理类型以B细胞淋巴瘤为主（78．2％）,骨髓侵犯晚期多见,其侵犯程度越重,临床症状越重,化疗效果差,缓解率低,预后不良。结论：NHL骨髓侵犯程度与临床症状严重程度、病理类型、治疗与预后等密切相关,骨髓侵犯程度重,临床分期晚,疗效及预后差。     

Metastatic colorectal cancer presenting with bone marrow metastasis: a case series and review of literature

With advances in treatment, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) are now living longer with an apparent increase in the incidence of bone and bone marrow metastases (BMM). Common sites of metastatic disease from CRC include the liver and lungs with bone metastasis rarely occurring in the absence of visceral metastatic disease. We report a series of three patients presenting with isolated bone and BMM leading to a diagnosis of primary CRC. We have reviewed the literature regarding diagnosis, potential mechanisms leading to the development of osseous metastasis and outcome. A high level of clinical suspicion and in-depth understanding of the natural history of these rare metastases may guide future management and treatment decisions.     

Surgical treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma and duodenal invasion

We retrospectively examined the extent of invasion of gastric cancer with duodenal involvement in order to design pertinent surgical procedures that may lead to a better prognosis. Examinations were made on excised tissues from 650 patients who underwent gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma in the gastric antrum. In 95 patients, the cancer cells extended to beyond the pyloric ring. Spread into the duodenum was limited to within 2 cm in 76% of the patients and to within 3 cm in 81%. In addition to high rates of metastasis in group 1 and 2 lymph nodes, some group 3 lymph nodes also were involved, and more frequently so in cases with duodenal invasion than in those without such invasion (P < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate for patients with duodenal invasion was 35.4% when a curative resection was done. For patients with advanced adenocarcinoma with duodenal invasion, gastrectomy with resection of 3–4 cm of the duodenum and dissection of group 1, 2, and 3 lymph nodes were recommended.     

Clinicopathologic study of advanced gastric cancer without serosal invasion in young and old patients

Fifty-seven patients treated by radical gastric resections were retrospectively studied to understand the clinicopathologic characteristics of advanced gastric cancer without serosal invasion (the depth of tumor invasion limited to the muscularis propria or subserosal layer) in young and old age persons. There were 36 patients in the old age group (age > 60 years) and 21 in the young age group (age ≤ 40 years). The clinical and pathologic parameters for this study included sex, gross type, location, maximum tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, histologic type, and rate of curative resection. The old patients had a higher percentage of small tumors, subserosal invasion and lymph node metastasis, but these parameters were not significantly different from those of the young patients, nor did the sex ratio, gross type, location, and rate of curative resection show significant differences. The histologic feature was the only statistically significant parameter, determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma were detected in 10 (47.6%) and 4 (19.0%) of the 21 younger patients, respectively, while there were 4 (11.1%) and 2 (5.6%) in the old age group. Although the gastric cancer in young patients had more aggressive histologic characteristics than it did in elderly patients, survival rates between the two groups did not differ to any great degree. Our findings indicate that the prognosis for younger patients with advanced gastric cancer without serosal invasion was favorable when curative resection was performed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.