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自然杀伤(nature killer, NK)细胞为抵御病毒感染和细胞突变的第一道防线。NK细胞表面有多种激活受体和抑制受体,两者之间的动态平衡控制着NK细胞的杀伤或静止状态。其中,抑制受体作为免疫检查点发挥重要作用。肿瘤通过某些免疫检查点途径作为免疫抵抗的主要机制。在新兴的癌症免疫治疗领域探索了通过使用免疫检查点抑制剂来提高NK细胞抗肿瘤免疫的新方法,旨在使平衡向激活倾斜。近年来,针对免疫检查点的抑制剂疗法取得了巨大的成功。本文就NK细胞免疫检查点及其抑制剂的研究和应用现状进行综述。 相似文献
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曹佳丽熊枝繁靳泽孟亚君黄雨梅朱梦培汪朦朦 《肿瘤防治研究》2023,(5):525-530
肝细胞癌(HCC)是癌症相关死亡的最常见原因之一,大多数HCC患者在癌症晚期被诊断出来。2017年以前,治疗晚期HCC的药物主要是酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,随着免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)的出现,免疫治疗逐渐给此类患者带来新希望。目前,ICIs与其他全身或局部治疗的联合方案已成为治疗晚期HCC最有潜力的策略,其中一些药物已进行大规模临床试验。晚期HCC免疫治疗的主要挑战包括预测性生物标志物的探索、免疫相关不良事件(irAEs)的管理以及发掘更有效的联合方案等。本文旨在对肝细胞癌ICIs单药或联合用药以及其他免疫治疗的最新进展进行综述,并讨论目前研究与临床应用的限制和未来发展方向。 相似文献
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随着癌症生物学和发病机制研究的不断深入,免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)得以问世,为晚期肿瘤患者带来了新的生存希望,从而开启了癌症免疫治疗的新时代,但随着免疫治疗在临床上的广泛应用,免疫相关不良事件(irAEs)也逐渐显现出来,并广泛为一线临床医师所熟知。免疫检查点抑制剂可激活T细胞攻击体内的正常组织和器官,并导致多种不良反应。而免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎(CIP)是irAEs中较为罕见且预后较差的并发症之一。本文参考目前国内外相关文献,就部分ICIs的治疗机制及CIP的发病率、危险因素、发生机制、临床表现、影像学表现与CIP的分级及治疗管理作一综述。 相似文献
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免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs)显著提高了肿瘤患者的生存率,但在不同类型的肿瘤中治疗效果不尽相同,如何提高免疫治疗抗肿瘤疗效和减轻免疫相关不良反应显得至关重要。固有免疫反应在ICIs抗肿瘤治疗中发挥重要作用。炎症通路既可以增强又可以减弱免疫治疗的疗效。本综述主要关注两个参与固有免疫和适应性免疫反应的关键因素,即炎症小体和免疫检查点,讨论炎症小体的激活如何影响ICIs的疗效及参与免疫相关不良反应的过程,从而寻找针对潜在靶点的治疗药物来增强抗肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效,并减轻不良反应。 相似文献
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乳腺癌是全球发病率最高的癌症,整体预后较好,但经过手术治疗、化疗、放疗、内分泌治疗和靶向治疗后仍有部分患者出现肿瘤进展。对于疾病进展患者,免疫治疗成为一种可供选择的治疗方式。免疫检查点抑制剂(Immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs)作为免疫治疗主要方法之一,在乳腺癌治疗中的应用不断拓展,为新辅助治疗提供了新的选择,而新辅助治疗在提高保乳率、评估治疗效果、指导个体化治疗等方面具有重要的临床意义。本文将综述当前ICIs在早期乳腺癌各个亚型新辅助治疗中的临床研究进展。 相似文献
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近年来,免疫治疗在晚期肿瘤中的应用越来越广泛,许多临床研究显示其具有较好的抗肿瘤效果。免疫检查点抑制剂可通过阻断程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)/程序性死亡受体配体1(PD-L1)信号通路,识别并阻止肿瘤细胞逃逸,改善肿瘤微环境,提高人体自身免疫功能,进而杀灭肿瘤细胞。在进展期胃癌中,免疫检查点抑制剂从后线单药治疗到前线单药及联合治疗均具有一定的疗效,一线纳武利尤单抗联合化疗表现出了较好的总生存期(OS);二线信迪利单抗,无论是单药还是联合用药,均显示可观的客观缓解率(ORR);纳武利尤单抗及帕博利珠单抗均已获批应用于晚期胃癌的三线及以上治疗。本文对免疫检查点抑制剂在进展期胃癌中的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
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免疫检查点抑制剂显著提高了晚期恶性肿瘤患者的预后,但同时也会出现由免疫系统激活引起的脱靶毒性,即免疫相关的不良事件(irAEs).严重的irAEs将导致免疫治疗暂时或永久性终止,极大影响了其在临床中的应用.目前临床上处理irAEs主要应用糖皮质激素,一方面严重的不良反应对患者身体造成严重的损害,另一方面大量应用糖皮质激... 相似文献
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[摘要] 晚期胃癌治疗方法有限,预后较差。2017 年,针对程序性死亡蛋白-1(programmed cell death protein-1, PD-1)和程序性死亡配体-1(programmed death ligand-1, PD-L1)的免疫检查点抑制剂获批用于晚期胃癌治疗,提示胃癌免疫治疗时代已经到来。然而,相对于肺癌,免疫检查点抑制剂尚未获批用于胃癌一、二线治疗。目前,大量胃癌免疫治疗临床试验正在进行中,其模式还在进一步优化,包括免疫联合化疗、免疫检查点抑制剂联合其他免疫治疗及新型免疫检查点抑制剂的应用等,同时寻找合适的肿瘤标志物,筛选优势人群用于胃癌精准免疫治疗。本文着重讨论晚期胃癌免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的临床研究最新进展。 相似文献
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Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that rapidly respond to cancer cells without prior sensitization or restriction to the cognate antigen in comparison with tumor antigen‐specific T cells. Recent advances in understanding NK‐cell biology have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and maturation of NK cells, in addition to the control of their effector functions by investigating the receptors and ligands involved in the recognition of cancer cells by NK cells. Such clarification of NK‐cell recognition of cancer cells also revealed the mechanism by which cancer cells potentially evade NK–cell‐dependent immune surveillance. Furthermore, the recent clinical results of T–cell‐targeted cancer immunotherapy have increased the expectations for new immunotherapies by targeting NK cells. However, the potential use of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy is not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the current evidence and future potential of pharmacological targeting of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy. 相似文献
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食管癌的发病率高,死亡率高,严重威胁人类健康。食管癌的组织学类型与地域的分布有关,中国以鳞癌为主,不同病理类型的治疗方法和预后有一定的区别,但总体疗效不佳。近年来,靶向程序性细胞死亡因子-1(programmed death-1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1)为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)对食管癌显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性,对难治性食管癌患者疗效较好。部分ICIs药物已被指南推荐为后线治疗选择。同时,多项临床试验正在探索ICIs联合其他方法的一线治疗模式。因此,拟针对ICIs治疗食管癌的相关进展进行综述。 相似文献
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目的:研究程序性死亡受体1(program cell death-1,PD-1)单克隆抗体联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokine-induced killer cells,CIK cells)对肺癌细胞株的杀伤作用及相关机制,探究该治疗方法在肺癌治疗中的可行性。方法:患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)在体外采用多种细胞因子诱导为CIK,并用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)分析CIK细胞的表型。培养A520 及H1975肺癌细胞,利用FCM检测其表面HLA-ABC,HLA-A2,HLA-DR及PD-L1的表达情况。将CIK细胞和抗PD-1单抗Nivolumab单独或者联合作用于A520 及H1975肺癌细胞。用ELISPOT法测定不同组γ干扰素(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)的释放,用CCK8法检测CIK细胞对肺癌细胞株的杀伤率。结果:CIK细胞对于肺癌细胞株的杀伤随着效靶比(effect target ratio,E∶T)的增加而加强;对于PD-L1高表达的肺癌细胞,Nivolumab与CIK细胞联合使用对肺癌细胞株的杀伤优于单一的CIK细胞及Nivolumab。结论:对于PD-L1高表达的A520肺癌细胞,PD-1单抗Nivolumab能够提升CIK细胞的杀伤作用,而对于PD-L1表达水平低的H1975细胞,Nivolumab不能提升CIK细胞的杀伤作用。 相似文献
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Hassan Mohammed Abushukair Anwaar Saeed 《World journal of gastrointestinal oncology》2022,14(6):1210-1212
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest and most common malignancies of the liver. Considering the rich immune background of carcinogenesis in HCC, efforts have been focused on further understanding the role of the immune system in tumor suppression and promotion. The utilization of immunotherapy in HCC has led to encouraging results that has translated to longer survival and better quality of life among patients. The development of novel HCC-tailored regimens such as vaccine therapy and adoptive cellular therapy coupled with a deeper understanding of biomarkers predictive of the response to immunotherapy will lead to better treatment outcomes. 相似文献
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以抗程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)抗体为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)在实体肿瘤治疗中取得重大突破。近年来ICI开始在血液肿瘤中应用,多项临床试验显示其具有较好的疗效并可显著改善患者预后。文章结合2020年第62届美国血液学会(ASH)年会报道,介绍ICI在血液肿瘤治疗中的相关临床研究进展。 相似文献
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors-based immunotherapy offers a new effective modality in the treatment of advanced malignancies. Considering the remarkable efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials, the FDA has approved a variety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced tumors. However, only limited patients with certain cancers can benefit from monotherapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Interventional therapy for cancer can not only destroy the primary tumors, but also regulate the immune system through different mechanisms, which provides a potential possibility for the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and interventional modalities in cancer treatment. This article reviews the possible synergistic mechanisms of interventional therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and summarizes the research progress of the combined therapy in cancer treatment. 相似文献
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Human invariant Vα24 natural killer T (NKT) cells are a novel, distinct lymphocyte population, characterized by an invariant T-cell receptor Vα24 chain paired with Vβ11. Vα24 NKT cells are activated by a specific glicolipid ligand, α-GalCer, and rapidly produce a large amount of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, thereby modulating other immune cells such as antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells. Recent studies have shown that NKT cells play pivotal regulatory roles in many immune responses, including antitumor immunity. We herein review the quantitative alteration and functional deterioration of circulating Vα24 NKT cells in various cancer-bearing patients. We also summarize the recent progress in the clinical studies of NKT cell-based tumor immunotherapy. Novel immunological results including the increased peripheral blood Vα24 NKT cells and IFN-producing cells after the immunotherapy were revealed. The details of the safety profile and the antitumor responses were also disclosed. Although the objective clinical responses still remain unclear, some encouraging results have emerged. Therefore, NKT cell-based immunotherapy may potentially be an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer patients. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 638–645) 相似文献