Preliminary experience with transluminal laser–induced intrahepatic portacaval shunts

This study investigated the feasibility of performing an intrahepatic portacaval shunt (IHPCS) by means of transluminal laser angioplasty. In 10 anesthized dogs, a catheter was introduced into a mesenteric vein and threaded into the portal vein (PV). Under fluoroscopy, a Ross needle was passed through the PV catheter, liver, and into the intrahepatic IVC. Following guidewire exchange, a neodymium YAG laser hot-tip probe (power setting 8 W) was passed over the guidewire to accomplish a transluminal IHPCS. In five animals, an IHPCS could not be accomplished. Initial and subsequent patency was confirmed by fluoroscopy. These early data suggest that transvenous laser-in-duced intrahepatic portacaval shunts may be feasible as a means of decompressing portal hypertension. Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term patency as well as this technique's ability to decompress the portal system. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A self-sealing dialysis prosthesis. Coaxial double PTFE-silicone graft.

The performance of a new dialysis prosthesis designed to self-seal after puncture was tested ex vivo and in vivo. It consists of two coaxial polytetrafluoroethylene tubes (PTFE), the space between them filled with silicone rubber sealant (PTFE-sil). Ex vivo: Three PTFE-sil, three double PTFE (without silicone), and three single PTFE grafts were placed sequentially between scribner shunts in the hind limb of four dogs. Bleeding on puncturing with an 18-gauge needle was measured for 30 seconds. PTFE-sil bled less than the controls (g): PTFE-sil; 16 +/- 18; double PTFE: 32 +/- 10; single PTFE: 52 +/- 19 (p less than 0.001). In vivo: Six PTFE-sil and five single PTFE grafts were interposed between the carotid artery and jugular vein of dogs and were punctured with a 16-gauge needle on days 1, 3, and 7. Bleeding was measured through an incision over the puncture site at 5 minutes. In 11 punctures of PTFE-sil, there was no bleeding; three bled less than 20 g. In 13 control punctures, none bled less than 70 g. Patency: Grafts were studied for patency in arteriovenous (AV) fistulas in 34 dogs. Each dog received a PTFE-sil graft in one groin and a single PTFE control graft in the other. At 4 months, patency rates were: PTFE-sil, 84%; single PTFE, 87% (NS). Four months after implantation, hemostasis after puncture in PTFE-sil grafts required 70 +/- 49 seconds versus 207 +/- 48 seconds for PTFE grafts (p less than 0.005). In conclusion, PTFE-sil grafts are self-sealing, can be used immediately after implantation, and need minimal compression after needle removal.     

Results of portal systemic shunts in Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Nine patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) were treated by a portal systemic shunt. One had thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and another had complete obstruction of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC). All other patients had a marked stenosis of the retrohepatic IVC with caval pressure ranging from 12 to 24 mmHg (mean: 17 mmHg). Seven patients had an interposition mesocaval shunt using an autologous jugular vein. The patient with a thrombosed SMV had a portoatrial shunt. The patient with an obstructed IVC had a cavoatrial shunt after an erroneous portacaval shunt had failed to relieve ascites. There were no operative deaths and no major postoperative complications. One patient died 19 months after operation of acute leukemia complicating polycythemia rubra vera. All other patients were alive and well 8 months to 6 years after operation. None of them had encephalopathy. These results suggest several comments: Portal systemic shunts are a good treatment for BCS and have a low operative risk. The mesocaval shunt is an efficient procedure, even when there is stenosis of the IVC with high caval pressure; shunts to the right atrium should be performed only in the case of complete obstruction or inaccessibility of the IVC. The long-term prognosis is excellent, except in patients with potential malignancies. Therefore, portal systemic shunts should be indicated early in patients with symptomatic BCS.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉海绵样变并发门静脉高压

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术治疗合并门静脉海绵样变的门静脉高压症的疗效。方法 8例反复上消化道出血患者(均有肝硬化、门静脉高压)术前均经B超及CT等影像学证实伴有门静脉海绵样变,门静脉主干及左右支有完全或部分闭塞,对其行TIPS治疗,并评价疗效。结果对7例患者均成功施行TIPS术,1例失败,6例为先经皮穿刺右肝门静脉分支,建立经门静脉右支至主干通道,并行球囊扩张成形治疗。其中4例经常规TIPS途径由肝右静脉穿刺门静脉右支建立门腔静脉分流道,2例由门静脉右支穿刺右肝静脉建立门腔静脉分流道。1例穿刺门静脉右支失败,改由常规TIPS途径穿刺门静脉左支建立门腔静脉分流道。门静脉压力由术前的(33.72±8.35)mmHg降低至术后的(21.43±7.64)mmHg;1例在术后6个月发现分流道狭窄,再次植入支架后恢复通畅。1例术后5个月再发黑便,复查提示分流道堵塞,并门静脉广泛血栓形成,放弃进一步治疗。另5例在12个月随访中分流道通畅,未再发消化道出血。结论 TIPS是治疗伴门静脉海绵样变的门静脉高压症的安全、有效的方法。     

Recurrent Portal Vein Thrombosis In Liver Transplantation With Renoportal Anastomosis Caused by Spontaneous Reno-Caval Shunts: A Case Report

BackgroundOrthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with cirrhosis complicated by portal hypertension, portosystemic shunts, and chronic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) has long been challenging. Spontaneous spleno-renal shunts (SRS) allow new surgical techniques to restore portal vein patency and hepatopetal flow. Renoportal anastomosis (RPA) has emerged as an accepted method for transplanting these patients, with good long-term patient and graft survival. Orthotopic liver transplantation with RPA is known to be complicated by recurrent PVT, with few details discussed in the literature.Case ReportWe present a case of a 56-year-old woman with decompensated cirrhosis who underwent deceased donor whole graft OLT using RPA with iliac vein conduit. The postoperative course was complicated by occlusive thrombosis in the portal vein and iliac vein conduit. Venography revealed enlarged left gonadal and lumbar vein varices acting as reno-caval shunts with hepatofugal flow. Embolization of the varices re-established durable venous patency that was confirmed on post-transplant day 68 with no other hemodynamic complications.DiscussionThis showcases an interesting mechanism by which recurrent PVT may occur in patients undergoing OLT with RPA. Because durable portal vein patency can be achieved with Interventional Radiology embolization of reno-caval varices, assessing these communications is an important preoperative consideration for planned OLT with RPA.     

Duplex scanning of the portal vein and portasystemic shunts

This article describes the preliminary findings of a Duplex ultrasound technique that enables the patency of the portal circulation and portosystemic shunt patency to be determined. In addition, the equipment allows the noninvasive measurement of quantitative rates of blood flow in these vessels. Portal vein flow was 952 +/- 273 ml/min in 10 normal subjects after an overnight fast and increased by 50% at 30 minutes in response to a standard 660-calorie liquid meal. Thirteen portosystemic shunts were scanned, and hemodynamic information was obtained from 10. Three of the four patients who had a Warren shunt performed 3 to 4 years earlier had portal vein occlusion. There is evidence of an increase in flow through the Warren shunt on feeding, suggesting a hemodynamic connection to the mesenteric side of the circulation. The apparatus, technique of examination, and the characteristics and difficulties with particular types of shunts are described.     

介入治疗布加综合征312例经验

目的　总结球囊扩张及支架治疗布加综合征 (Budd Chiarisyndrome ,BCS)的经验。方法　对 312例BCS患者行下腔静脉 (inferiorvenacava ,IVC)造影 ,确定病变部位、类型 ,再用导丝硬头或穿刺针穿通阻塞部位、球囊扩张、内置支架。结果　本组 312例 ,扩张成功 2 71例 ,其中IVC 2 6 0例 ,肝静脉 (hepaticvein ,HV) 11例 ,放置IVC支架 195例 ,HV支架 1例 ,无一例发生肺栓塞。术后发生急性肾衰 6例 ,肝昏迷 1例 ,急性心衰 2 1例 ,死亡 1例。并发IVC急性血栓形成 2例 ,死亡 1例。 2 0 3例获随访 6～ 10 4个月 ,复发 2 1例。结论　介入治疗BCS适应于多种病理类型 ,安全、有效。     

Devascularization procedure and DSRS: a controlled randomized trial on selected haemodynamic portal flow pattern in schistosomal portal hypertension with variceal bleeding

OBJECTIVES: The use of duplex studies for the portal tree has revolutionized the concepts of haemodynamic pathophysiology in the case of portal hypertensive bleeders. The identification of possible haemodynamic patterns in schistosomal bleeders, and the effects of devascularization procedure and distal lienorenal shunts on a selected haemodynamic pattern, are the aim of this work. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (219) with schistosomal hepatic fibrosis and history of bleeding oesophageal varices were studied. The patency, diameter, velocity and flow volume/min in the portal and splenic veins were followed by coloured Duplex. Two matched groups (30 patients each) with the most commonly found haemodynamic pattern (splenic vein flow exceeding portal vein flow) were operated upon. Devascularization procedure was done for the first group (A) and distal splenorenal shunt for the second group (B). RESULTS: Coloured duplex assessment of portal circulation in schistosomal patients identified four haemodynamic patterns. Pattern I (approximately 59%); splenic vein flow exceeds the portal vein flow. Pattern II (approximately 28%); portal vein flow exceeds splenic vein flow. In both patterns, the portal flow was hepatopedal. Patterns III and IV (8% and 5%, respectively) were associated with hepatofugal flow. Splenic vein flow exceeds portal vein flow in pattern III and the reverse in pattern IV. Distal lienorenal shunts done for patients with haemodynamic pattern I was followed by a rebleeding rate of 3.3% while devascularization done for patients with the same pattern was followed by a rebleeding rate of 26.6%. Mild encephalopathy was detected in 10% of patients with distal lienorenal shunts and responded to dietary regulations. CONCLUSIONS: DSRS proved to be ideal for schistosomal patients with hepatopedal flow and splenic vein flow exceeding portal vein flow; since in addition to eliminating the high splenic flow out of portal circulation, it decreased the pressure in the gastroesophageal region. Other patterns with their frequencies and the suggested surgical procedures were also presented.     

Budd-Chiari syndrome treated by Senning's procedure

Two patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome who underwent a new surgical procedure developed by Senning are reported. A 33-year-old man was diagnosed as having Budd-Chiari syndrome with a membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right hepatic vein and short segmental obstruction of the left hepatic vein. Removal of the obstruction by dorsocranial resection of the liver and reconstruction of the veins by hepatoatrial anastomosis was carried out. In a 53-year-old female, the same procedure was carried out for a short segmental obstruction of the IVC and left hepatic vein. In both patients, postoperative examination revealed good patency of the IVC and the hepatic veins and increased portal venous flow as measured by Doppler-echography. This procedure is considered the method of choice for Budd-Chiari syndrome with membranous and/or short segmental obstruction of the IVC and hepatic veins.     

Primary Budd-Chiari syndrome: outcome of endovascular management for suprahepatic venous obstruction

OBJECTIVE: Primary Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare form of hepatic venous outflow obstruction at the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), the hepatic veins, or both. We assessed our 4-year experience in the management of BCS to evaluate the results of our methods of care. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of a nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in three teaching hospitals. Among 28 primary BCS patients, 9 remained in medical treatment only, and 19 who failed to respond to medical treatment received additional endovascular (n = 17) or surgical therapy (n = 2). Nine underwent IVC balloon angioplasty alone, 6 had angioplasty plus stents, and 2 had transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) for hepatic vein lesions. One patient had a mesoatrial bypass; another had liver transplantation. Immediate response to the therapy was assessed with angiography and ultrasonography based on anatomic and/or hemodynamic correction or reduction of the lesion. Subsequent assessment of portal hypertension status was made with periodic clinical and laboratory evaluation (eg, ultrasonography, liver biopsy). RESULTS: Twenty-six patients had had IVC stenosis or occlusion by focal or segmental lesion. Two patients had hepatic vein outlet obstruction. There was no evidence of coagulopathy as the pathogenesis; all were related to membranous obstruction of the vena cava. Excellent immediate response to the endovascular therapy and subsequent relief of portal hypertension were achieved in 14 patients. Four patients had restenosis or progression of the residual lesion within 2 years; three responded to repeated stenting. Primary patency was 76.5%, and primary assisted patency was 94.1%. Two patients with TIPS and two with surgical therapy maintained excellent results. The medical treatment remained effective only in a limited group of 6 (21.4%) of the 28 patients. CONCLUSIONS: In BCS, both endovascular and surgical interventions provide excellent results and potentially halt liver parenchymal deterioration caused by portal hypertension. Liver transplantation remains the ultimate solution for advanced liver failure.     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a nonoperative approach to life-threatening variceal bleeding

Portosystemic venous shunts may be created nonoperatively with a Grüntzig balloon dilatation catheter using the transjugular route. The authors achieved technical success with this shunt in 15 of 20 patients with life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding from variceal hemorrhage. All patients but one were considered at high risk for surgery because of end-stage liver disease; the exception was a patient in whom two previous operative portosystemic shunts had failed. An average decrease of 5.9 mm Hg in portal vein pressure was measured in 11 patients for whom sequential pressures could be obtained. Two patients survived longer than 12 months without subsequent operative procedures, and the shunt helped temporize in three other patients who later underwent operation. Nine patients with successful shunts died within 30 days of the procedure, comparing favourably with reported operative death rates of 40% to 80% in emergency shunt procedures. Follow-up portal venograms demonstrated shunt patency in six of nine patients, in one after 8 months. Tract patency was determined in four of seven patients on whom autopsy was performed, up to 6 months after the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was created.     

Right hepatic lobectomy and removal of inferior vena caval tumor embolus in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, using veno-venous bypass while preserving perfusion in the remnant liver: A case report

We describe a successful hepatectomy and the removal of a tumor embolus in a 43-year-old woman with hepatocellular carcinoma occupying the right lobe extending to the right branch of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC). Intraoperative echography revealed the tumor embolus in the IVC to originate from the main tumor via the right inferior hepatic vein, which extended cephalad from the confluence of the right hepatic vein to the IVC. Right hepatc lobectomy was performed via the anterior approach. Using femoro-axillary veno-venous bypass, we opened the IVC at the root of the inferior right hepatic vein to remove the tumor embolus after oblique clamping of the IVC between the right and middle hepatic veins was carried out to preserve perfusion in the remnant liver. Preserving perfusion in the remmant liver in radical hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor embolism in the IVC appears to be a safe and advantageous technique in patients with poor liver reserve.     

超声引导腔内治疗联合分流术治疗布-加综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨超声引导下腔内治疗联合分流术治疗布-加综合征的疗效。方法回顾性分析1995年1月至2011年1月期间在我院经多普勒超声引导下行球囊扩张及内支架置入术治疗136例布-加综合征患者的临床资料,所有患者均行球囊扩张,其中53例行下腔静脉内支架置入,31例因肝静脉闭塞,在介入治疗术后1周再行分流术,对治疗后的近期和远期疗效进行分析。结果经腔内治疗后,本组患者的下腔静脉压均明显降低(P<0.01),下腔静脉内径、血流速度及右房压均明显增加(P<0.01)。13例患者出现轻度心功能不全,分流术后有3例出现胰腺炎,1例术后第10天死于上消化道出血。下腔静脉及分流血管多普勒超声检查结果显示:在介入治疗术后第3天起肿大的肝脾开始缩小(以锁骨中线与肋缘下交点至肝脏或脾脏远端的距离计),肿大的肝脏缩小2～7 cm(平均5.5 cm),肿大的脾脏缩小3～8 cm(平均5.8 cm),术后腹水消失时间为3～60 d(平均14 d)。136例患者均获随访,随访1个月至15年(平均3年),1例患者于2年后支架远心端出现狭窄,1例患者1年后肝静脉血栓形成,1例患者支架术后3年合并肝癌,1例患者1年后合并丙肝死亡,6例不孕症患者1年后5例得子。所有患者术后下腔静脉通畅,支架无移位,分流血管无血栓形成,门静脉高压症状明显缓解。结论超声引导下腔内治疗布-加综合征简便、安全,疗效较好,对肝静脉全部闭塞者需加行门体分流术。该方法为治疗肝后段下腔静脉狭窄或短段闭塞合并肝静脉闭塞的布-加综合征提供了一种可行和有效的方法。     

Surface Chemistry Characteristics of Human Umbilical Vein used as Chronic Canine Arteriovenous Fistulas

Six bilateral loop arteriovenous fistulas from the femoral artery to the femoral vein were constructed in dogs using Dacron-mesh-coated human umbilical vein. Each graft was punctured twice weekly with a 16 gauge needle for up to 36 weeks, and biopsies were done every four to eight weeks. The long-term patency was 83% at 24 weeks. There was no thrombosis from the needle puncture. Serial histologic examination revealed progressive transmural fibrous cell ingrowth and progressive neointimal cell formation. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated areas of disrupted basement membrane covered with laminar fibrin meshes, probably representing sites of needle puncture. With multiple attenuated internal reflection spectroscopy of the graft lumens, minimal to moderate lipid deposition was observed to a depth of 1 μm at 32–36 weeks. No abnormal amounts of minerals were found within the graft walls with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. Critical surface tensions remained within the biocompatible range of 20–30 dynes/cm. Human umbilical vein possesses many of the surface chemistry qualities of an ideal vascular prosthesis, has excellent long term patency, and is suitable for use where angioaccess with repeated needle puncture is needed.     

联合腔肠房人工血管转流术治疗布加综合征14例体会

目的：探讨联合腔肠房人工血管转流术在中青年患者因下腔静脉血栓形成致下腔静脉和肝静脉回流障碍型布加综合征的应用。方法：本组14例，平均年龄28．6岁，均为肝段或长段下腔静脉血栓形成致肝静脉出口阻塞，其中12例下腔静脉完全阻塞，2例为肝段下腔静脉严重狭窄，采用3种腔肠房人工血管转流术，分别应用11例，1例和2例。结果：围手术期无死亡，随访时间4－52个月，平均24个月。方法：（1）术后2例人工血管因栓形成，1例最后改行腹膜腔颈内静脉腹水转流术；另1例并发上消化道出血，肝昏迷死亡。随访期死亡率为7％，总人工血管通畅率为86％，而腔房人工血管的通畅率为93％，本组患者门静脉压力下降范围为5－26cmH2O，平均下降15．5cmH2O，无其他严重并发症。结论：对于下腔静脉长段血栓致下腔静脉和肝脉回流障碍的中青年患者，联合腔肠房人工血管转流术不失为一种能同时缓解门脉和下腔静脉高压的手术方法，其远期通畅率尚有待于进一步评价。     

改良经颈静脉肝内门-体分流术治疗症状性慢性门静脉血栓

目的探讨超声引导经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影辅助经颈静脉门-体分流术(TIPS)治疗症状性慢性门静脉血栓的临床疗效。方法选取14例症状性慢性门静脉血栓患者,术前进行腹部增强CT或MRI评估门静脉血栓,采用改良TIPS术并置入溶栓管溶栓。结果改良TIPS成功率100%,患者腹痛腹胀症状均有明显缓解,门静脉血流再通,部分血栓完全消失。门静脉压力由术前(30.36±1.78)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)下降至术后(19.00±3.55)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=17.85,P0.05);门静脉内径由术前(16.07±2.06)mm恢复至术后(13.36±2.24)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=3.34,P0.05)。结论改良TIPS术治疗慢性门静脉广泛血栓安全、可行。     

Predictability and maintenance of portal flow patterns after small-diameter portacaval H-grafts in man.

Patients undergoing small-diameter (8, 10, 12, and 14 mm) portacaval H-grafts were followed up to 3.5 years. Eight- and 10-mm grafts maintained prograde portal perfusion in 50% of the patients. Follow-up studies performed from 6 to 36 months after surgery show late shunt patency to be 97%. Recurrent variceal hemorrhage has not occurred in any patients. Direction of portal flow after a shunt was related to the size of the portal vein and the size of the shunt. If the shunt diameter was less than 50% that of the portal vein measured on the preoperative angiogram, portal flow was prograde. Encephalopathy rates remained significantly lower in patients with prograde flow after small diameter (8 and 10 mm) portacaval H-graft (p = .0.1). If thrombosis and encephalopathy rates remain low, the small-diameter, polytetrafluoroethylene portacaval H-graft is an attractive alternative to standard portacaval and mesocaval shunts.     

No‐Touch Hepatic Hilum Technique to Treat Early Portal Vein Thrombosis After Pediatric Liver Transplantation

A ‘no‐touch’ hilum technique used to treat early portal vein complications post‐liver transplantation in five children with body weight <10 kg is described. Four patients developed thrombosis and one portal flow absence secondary to collateral steal flow. A vascular sheath was placed through the previous laparotomy in the ileocolic vein (n = 2), inferior mesenteric vein (n = 1) or graft umbilical vein (n = 1). Portal clots were mechanically fragmented with balloon angioplasty. In addition, coil embolization of competitive collaterals (n = 3) and stent placement (n = 1) were performed. The catheter was left in place and exteriorized through the wound (n = 2) or a different transabdominal wall puncture (n = 3). A continuous transcatheter perfusion of heparin was subsequently administered. One patient developed recurrent thrombosis 24 h later which was resolved with the same technique. Catheters were removed surgically after a mean of 10.6 days. All patients presented portal vein patency at the end of follow‐up. Three patients are alive after 5 months, 1.5 and 3.5 years, respectively; one patient required retransplantation 18 days postprocedure and the remaining patient died of adenovirus infection 2 months postprocedure. In conclusion, treatment of early portal vein complications following pediatric liver transplantation with this novel technique is feasible and effective.     

Left Renal Vein Graft for Vascular Reconstruction in Abdominal Malignancy

Background Advanced abdominal malignancies are occasionally invasive for the major blood vessels, such as the portal vein (PV), inferior vena cava (IVC), and major hepatic veins (HVs), and complete removal of the tumors is required for patients undergoing vascular resection and reconstruction. We used left renal vein (LRV) grafts for vascular reconstruction in patients with these malignancies and evaluated their clinical relevance. Methods A total of 113 patients underwent vascular resection including the PV (42 patients), IVC (68 patients), and HV (3 patients) for hepatobiliary-pancreatic or abdominal tumor resection. Of these, 11 patients underwent vascular reconstruction with a LRV graft of the PV, superior mesenteric vein (SMV), and HVs in 3 patients each, and the IVC in 2 patients. The HVs were resected with segmentectomy involving Couinaud’s segments VII, VIII, and IV; VII, VIII, and II; or III, IV, VIII in each patient. The PV and SMV were resected in 5 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic carcinoma, and in 1 patient being treated with extended right hepatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy for hepatic hilar carcinoma. The IVC was partially resected in 1 patient with advanced colon cancer and 1 with malignant schwannoma. Results The mean graft length of LRV obtained was 3.6 (3.5–4.0) cm. The graft was used as a tube in 9 patients, and as a patch in 2 patients. The mean duration of clamping time was 41.9 (35–60) min. Portal vein thrombosis was encountered in 2 patients, and anastomotic stenosis in 1 patient. Other morbidity was not related to vascular reconstruction. One patient who underwent extended right hepatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy died of liver failure in the hospital. The serum creatinine level after surgery did not deteriorate except in the one patient who died in the hospital. Graft patency was maintained during the follow-up period in all patients. Conclusions A LRV graft may enhance the possibility of vascular reconstruction without deteriorating serum creatinine level, and it provides sound graft patency.     

TIPS及其分别联合CVO、门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效比较

目的:研究经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)、TIPS联合冠状静脉栓塞术(CVO)、TIPS联合门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析1993年7月至2008年5月收治的358例门静脉高压症伴食管静脉曲张患者的临床资料,所有患者分为3组,分别为TIPS组(n=227)、TTPS联合CVO组(n=36)和TIPS联合门奇静脉断流术组(n=95).观察3组患者在手术成功率、并发症发生率、近期和远期分流道通畅率、再出血率、肝性脑病发生率和病死率方而的情况,并应用统计学方法比较其差异.结果:成功完成TIPS操作349例,成功率为97.5%,TIPS失败患者9例,占2.5%.术后1个月分流道的阻塞率、肝性脑病发生率、再出血率和病死率分别为2.5%、31.8%、4.7%和9.0%.其中,TIPS组患者的肝性脑病发生率和病死率均高于TIPS联合门奇静脉断流术组(P<0.01).急诊行TIPS 85例,术后肝性腑病发生率和病死率分别为41.2%和24.7%.术后随访1～15年,平均(68.7±47.6)个月,随访率为79.6%.术后1、2年分流道通畅率分别为74.0%和48.1%,其中TIPS联合门奇静脉断流术组术后1年分流道通畅率显著高于TIPS组和TIPS联合CVO组(P<0.01和P<0.05).TIPS联合门奇静脉断流术组术后再出血率低于TIPS组(P<0.01),远期生存率高于TIPS组和TIPS联合CVO组(P<0.01).结论:TIPS是治疗门静脉高压症伴食管静脉曲张出血的有效方法,与CVO或断流术联合应用可提高临床疗效.