一种基于分数阶微积分的分数阶伪随机数字水印新算法

本文研究和实现了一种基于分数阶微积分的分数阶伪随机数字水印算法.首先,提出并论述用正弦型信号的分数阶微分的采样差构造分数阶微分伪随机数字序列,该分数阶微分伪随机数字序列对分数阶微分阶次和正弦型信号相位的初始值敏感,当分数阶微分阶次和正弦型信号的初始相位未知时,无法恢复出该伪随机数字序列.其次,在此基础上,提出并论述一种基于分数阶微分的分数阶伪随机数字水印算法,其算法的保密性取决于分数阶微分阶次和正弦型信号的初始相位的不可知性.最后,仿真实验表明本分数阶微积分水印算法的不可感知性和顽健性好.     

天疱瘡类疾病的探討

天疱瘡代表慢性大飽性疾病,是Wichmann氏(1791年)首先提出的名称。Hebra氏(1860年)在他的《論皮肤病》一书中再一次述及。寻常性天疱瘡第一个真正的描述者是Mochride氏(1777年),他以“水皰病”(Morbus vesicnleris)为名报告四例,据Lever氏的分析,其中死亡的两例是真正的寻常性天疱瘡。但以“寻常性天疱瘡”命名而详细描写者是Wichmann氏。叶状天疱瘡系de la motte氏(1772年)以“Surune maladie singulière de l'èpiderme”为名报告第一例,Cazenave氏(1844年)所著教科书中描写了叶状天疱瘡是天疱瘡中的一种特殊类型。     

一阶导数差示脉冲极谱法用于盐酸丁卡因及其制剂的定量研究

本文研究建立盐酸丁卡因及其制剂的一阶导数差示脉冲极谱法。盐酸丁卡因在水溶液中,于0.060V(vs Ag/Cl)处出现一良好的一阶导数差示脉冲极谱峰,在1.0～6.O×10~(-4)mol/L范围内,药物浓度与其一阶导数差示脉冲极谱峰幅值呈良好的线性关系(P<0.o1,r=0.9968)。检测限为1.O×10~(-8)mol/L。方法简便、快速、灵敏,结果准确.     

健康信念指导下护理干预在提高大肠癌高危人群肠镜依从性中的作用

目的探讨健康信念模式指导下的护理干预对提高大肠癌高危人群结肠镜检查依从性的效果。方法选取我院所在辖区2015年3月～2017年2月初筛为大肠癌高危且未行肠镜检查的人群110例,按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各55例,对照组采用常规护理干预,试验组采用健康信念模式指导下的护理干预;持续干预1年;比较两组人群干预前后对大肠癌认知情况、健康信念问卷(HBM)得分情况及肠镜检查率。结果干预后试验组大肠癌筛查认知、肠镜检查认知、大肠癌高危因素认知评分明显高于对照组[(9.22±3.10) VS (7.33±2.86),(15.13±4.01) VS (10.40±3.23),(14.52±4.54) VS (12.13±3.45)],差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);干预后试验组HBM中易感性认知、严重性认知、益处认知、障碍认知及行为线索评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);干预1年内试验组肠镜检查率为30.91%(17/55)高于对照组7.27%(4/55),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.946,P 0.05)。结论健康信念模式指导下的护理干预能够明显提高大肠癌高危人群肠镜检查依从性,提高知识认知程度。     

一种基于逻辑程序的重复协商框架

本文从基于信念修改的角度提出了两个AGENT之间的一个重复协商框架.在这个框架中,一个逻辑程序被当作一个协商的AGENT,每一个AGENT(逻辑程序)选择自己的一个回答作为自己最初的协商需求.两个AGENT之间的协商过程就是两个逻辑程序之间相互更新的过程,这个过程是通过协商的每一方接受对方的部分(或,全部)需求和放弃自己部分协商需求来实现的.本文设计了协商双方必须遵守的一些协商规则,根据这些规则对这个协商框架进行了形式化描述,并给出了协商的终止条件.     

运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响

目的 探讨运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响.方法 将86例原发性高血压患者随机分成观察组和对照组各60例,观察组在药物治疗的同时根据健康信念模式对患者进行有针对性的健康教育,而对照组则行常规健康教育.比较健康教育前后,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性.结果 健康教育前两组相比较(P0.05),差异无统计学意义,健康教育后3个月随访观察,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性相比较(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论 运用健康信念模式教育能提高原发性高血压患者对疾病相关知识的认知程度及对药物治疗的依从性,提高患者生活质量.     

运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响

目的 探讨运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响.方法 将86例原发性高血压患者随机分成观察组和对照组各60例,观察组在药物治疗的同时根据健康信念模式对患者进行有针对性的健康教育,而对照组则行常规健康教育.比较健康教育前后,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性.结果 健康教育前两组相比较(P0.05),差异无统计学意义,健康教育后3个月随访观察,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性相比较(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论 运用健康信念模式教育能提高原发性高血压患者对疾病相关知识的认知程度及对药物治疗的依从性,提高患者生活质量.     

运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响

目的 探讨运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响.方法 将86例原发性高血压患者随机分成观察组和对照组各60例,观察组在药物治疗的同时根据健康信念模式对患者进行有针对性的健康教育,而对照组则行常规健康教育.比较健康教育前后,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性.结果 健康教育前两组相比较(P0.05),差异无统计学意义,健康教育后3个月随访观察,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性相比较(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论 运用健康信念模式教育能提高原发性高血压患者对疾病相关知识的认知程度及对药物治疗的依从性,提高患者生活质量.     

运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响

目的 探讨运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响.方法 将86例原发性高血压患者随机分成观察组和对照组各60例,观察组在药物治疗的同时根据健康信念模式对患者进行有针对性的健康教育,而对照组则行常规健康教育.比较健康教育前后,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性.结果 健康教育前两组相比较(P0.05),差异无统计学意义,健康教育后3个月随访观察,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性相比较(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论 运用健康信念模式教育能提高原发性高血压患者对疾病相关知识的认知程度及对药物治疗的依从性,提高患者生活质量.     

运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响

目的 探讨运用健康信念模式教育对原发性高血压患者的影响.方法 将86例原发性高血压患者随机分成观察组和对照组各60例,观察组在药物治疗的同时根据健康信念模式对患者进行有针对性的健康教育,而对照组则行常规健康教育.比较健康教育前后,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性.结果 健康教育前两组相比较(P0.05),差异无统计学意义,健康教育后3个月随访观察,两组患者疾病相关知识的认知程度及服药的依从性相比较(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论 运用健康信念模式教育能提高原发性高血压患者对疾病相关知识的认知程度及对药物治疗的依从性,提高患者生活质量.     

西安市家长对儿童疫苗的接种态度与迟疑情况调查

目的：了解城市儿童家长对儿童接种疫苗的态度,测量其迟疑情况,发现预防接种存在的问题。方法：采用多水平抽样,2016年11月在西安市6个城区的每个区内抽取一个社区进行调查,调查地点是社区卫生服务中心,共对455名儿童家长进行了调查。采用已开发并验证的量表（Parents Attitude of Children Vaccinate,PACV）为调查工具,对其进行修改使用。量表含3部分：（1）免疫行为;（2）疫苗安全性与有效性的信念;（3）整体态度与信念,共18个题目。同时,对18名家长进行了访谈。结果： 455名家长中,15.8%的家长PACV得分≥ 50。分别有69.5%和66.6%的家长担心疫苗的副作用和安全性。43.7%的家长表示不能完全信任接种医生;23.7%的家长对儿童接种疫苗存在迟疑。结论：西安市相当一部分家长对于儿童接种疫苗态度迟疑,对儿童基础免疫和二类疫苗的接种产生了潜在威胁。迫切需要对儿童家长疫苗接种的态度加强引导,提升疫苗接种的监管水平,提高家长对预防接种的信任和接种安全的信心。     

Niet-reguliere behandelingsmiddelen: ervaringen en meningen van apothekers

Samenvatting Een kleine groep Nederlandse apothekers is gevraagd naar hun ervaringen met en meningen over niet-reguliere behandelingsmiddelen. Uit de enquête blijkt dat apothekers zich over het algemeen weinig zorgen maken over de mogelijke problemen rond de levering van deze middelen en de farmaceutische kwaliteit ervan. De apothekers achten zich slechts in geringe mate op de hoogte van de achtergronden van deze middelen. Een nadere regulering van deze preparaten acht men noodzakelijk.

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Non-regular remedies: opinions and experiences

The authors have been asking a small group of Dutch pharmacists for their opinion and experience about socalled non-regular remedies. The outcome of this inquiry reveals that, generally speaking, pharmacists are not particularly concerned with the problems that may exist around supply and quality control of such products. Moreover, the pharmacists who participated in this inquiry possessed poor information on the background of the use of the products. Statutory rules with respect to this group of remedies are needed.

     

Probation officers' beliefs about the effectiveness of alcohol treatment

Research has shown that a large number of individuals on probation have alcohol problems but only a fraction of them receive treatment. This study surveyed 145 probation officers about their views on alcohol problems among probationers. A previous analysis of the data found that two beliefs predicted probation officers' use of coercion to mandate probationers to alcohol treatment: the belief that treatment was effective and the belief that one's peers were using coercion to mandate treatment. The analysis reported here examined factors associated with probation officers' belief that treatment works. Multiple regression found that several factors predicted the belief that treatment is effective. Officers who had a family member with a drinking problem (current or family of origin), those who had a strong belief about their self-efficacy in handling alcohol problems, and those who were more likely to make coerced referrals had stronger beliefs that treatment was effective. Strategies for facilitating accurate beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment and increasing self-efficacy among probation officers are reviewed.     

The Impact of Having a Loved One With Alcohol Consumption-Related Problems on Subjective Health Status and Health-Risk Behaviors in a General Hospital Sample

Consecutively admitted inpatients of a general hospital in Northern Germany (N = 2903) completed a standardized screening questionnaire in 2005–2006 containing questions about alcohol consumption-related problems in loved ones, their own alcohol consumption, and other health-related aspects. Almost 26.2% reported having a loved one with alcohol consumption-related problems. The proportions of smokers and those who screened positively for at-risk consumption or alcohol abuse were significantly higher in those patients; they were significantly younger and reported worse overall states of health and emotional health. Since those patients showed a high risk of numerous health problems, psychological interventions were implemented. The study's limitation noted.     

Lead Neuropathy

Abstract

L'etablissment, les progres, l'éspece et les divers dégres de paralysie à la suite de la colique des peintres, sont des plus singuliers et des plus piquants pour la curiositë des medicins qui ne manqueront pas sans doute d'approfondir cette matiàre. Theophile de Bordeu, 1761.

The onset, development, nature, and varying degree of palsy following painters’ colic are so peculiar and challenging for physicians that they undoubtedly will not fail to go deeper into the matter.     

Center of gravity of drug level curves: a model-independent parameter useful in bioavailability studies

The center of gravity (CG) of a drug level curve [c(t)] has the time coordinate AUMC/AUC and the concentration coordinate AUCC/2AUC, where AUC, AUMC, and AUCC are the integrals from time t = zero to t = infinity of c(t), tc(t), and c(t).c(t), respectively. An algorithm and computer program for determining CG when c(t) is given by a sum of exponentials is presented and its use is demonstrated with oral cimetidine data. Simulations indicate that the CG appears more suitable for comparison of absorption rates than mean absorption time (MAT) parameters. The limitation of the MAT parameter is due to the fact that this parameter is scale independent in that it only considers the shape and not the magnitude of the drug level or absorption rate curve. The MAT is therefore independent of the extent (F) of absorption. This limitation is not shared by the CG. When dealing with first-order absorption, the absorption rate of drug from product A will consistently (all t greater than 0) be larger than the absorption rate from product B (tested in the same subject) if MATA greater than MATB and AUCA/AUCB greater than MATA/MATB (assuming a time-invariant linear disposition). The above inequality relationships strongly contrast the common thinking about the "nonproblematic" use of MAT in absorption rate comparisons. Since both CG and MAT suffer some fundamental limitations, it is recommended that whenever problems arise, one should compare absorption rates by nonparametric system analysis methods (e.g., deconvolution) if possible.     

Examination of the Reliability of the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) among Arrested Youths Entering a Juvenile Assessment Center

The Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) serves as a key aspect of the preliminary screening activities at the Hillsborough County Juvenile Assessment Center. We report on a reliability study of POSIT, involving an examination of the relationships between the youths’ initial and second admission POSIT results for different time intervals between administration of the instrument. The results indicate the POSIT provides consistent indication of potentially troubled youths who are in need of in-depth assessment and intervention or treatment services.

Iniciado el POSIT el problema como instrumento para evaluar a los jovenes y sirve como una llave de aspecto protectora de actividades preliminares en el centro de evaluación de juveniles en el condado de Hillsborough. Reportamos en un estudio el POSIT digno de confianza incluyendo una investigación de las relaciones de los juveniles en los iniciados y las segundas admisiónes del POSIT resultaron para tiempo de intervención entre la administration y el instrumento. Los resultados indican que el POSIT proporciona una consistente indicación de jovenes que son potencialmente problematicos y quienes estan en la necesidad de evaluación y intervención o servicios de tratamiento.

L'Instrument d'Évaluation des Problèmes d'Adolescents (POSIT) est un élément essentiel des activités préliminaires d'évaluation au Centre d'Evaluation des Jeunes dans le Comte de Hillsborough. Nous faisons ici le compte-rendu d'une étude sur la crédibilité du POSIT, comportant l'examen des rapports des résultats entre la première et la deuxième administration du POSIT, effectuées à intervalles differents. Les résultats montrent que le POSIT fournit de façon consistante l'indication de jeunes protentiellement perturbés, et qui ont besoin d'une évaluation approfondie ainsi que de service d'intervention ou de secours.     

Alcoholics' beliefs about responsibility for, and recovery from, their condition

A study was carried out with a sample of in-patients and out-patients in an alcohol treatment programme examining beliefs about where responsibility lay for their condition and recovery from it. Brickman et al. [1] proposed a framework for understanding these beliefs consisting of four 'models'. In each model responsibility for causing the problem and for resolving it is considered either to lie with the individual or with other factors. The results indicated that the alcoholics' beliefs could not readily be understood in terms of this framework. As regards the cause of their condition, belief in the role of luck, personal responsibility and acceptance of a disease model emerged as independent factors. With regard to responsibility for recovery, belief in personal responsibility, the value of treatment and support and the importance of motivation emerged as separate factors. Belief in personal responsibility for causing the problem was significantly associated with acceptance of responsibility for recovery. Adoption of a disease model was negatively associated with belief in the importance of motivation in recovery. Treatment satisfaction was positively correlated with belief in the importance of treatment and support but not other dimensions. Younger patients tended to accept a lower level of personal responsibility for their condition. The results indicate the alcoholics tend to adopt quite specific beliefs about their condition and that satisfaction with a particular treatment regimen is related to belief in the value of treatment rather than any particular model concerning where responsibility for their condition and recovery from it lies.     

Alcohol policy and harm reduction in Australia

With consultations having been held across Australia this year as part of the process of developing a new National Alcohol Strategy, it seemed timely to invite my colleagues from the National Drug Research Institute who are experts in the alcohol field to write this Harm Reduction Digest. The authors have canvassed a range of alcohol policy options and discussed their effectiveness in reducing harm for what is arguably Australia's number one drug problem. Australia's response to alcohol and other drug problems has, historically, been based on ‘harm minimization‐incorporating supply reduction, demand reduction and harm reduction’. At this time where the policy options for alcohol are being set for the next 5 years in a climate of ‘small government’, removing restrictions of ‘fair competition’ in business and a belief in the free market, what does the research have to say about recommended policies and strategies to reduce alcohol‐related harm?