基于代理的覆盖网组播生成树算法研究

利用覆盖网组播技术构建组播服务平台是一种可行的提供组播服务的方案.基于代理的覆盖网组播兼具覆盖网组播的灵活性和IP组播的高效性的特点.结合节点的带宽、处理延迟和节点间的通信延迟给出一个完善的基于代理的覆盖网组播模型,根据此模型设计了求节点度受限的具有最小平均延迟的组播转发树生成算法.探讨了主机节点在进行数据分组复制转发时的转发顺序对平均延迟的影响,给出并证明了主机节点对数据分组复制转发的最优策略.通过仿真实验验证了所给算法和最优复制转发策略的有效性.     

药店“医保”计算机系统容灾方案探讨

目的:为药店“医保”计算机系统提供容灾方案。方法:分析药店“医保”计算机系统存在的不安全因素,确立数据容灾兼顾应用容灾原则,制定通信线路容灾、电源容灾、系统平台容灾、数据库容灾方案及灾难恢复方案。结果与结论:上述容灾方案可行,只需较少的资金投入,即可使药店“医保”计算机系统容灾性能明显提高。     

基于组播和P2P的文件分发管理模块的设计与实现

本文对CNGI研究课题"组播与P2P相结合的文件分发系统"进行了简要介绍.通过对该系统文件管理模块的总体设计和详细设计,实现了基于IPv6组播与P2P技术的结合.该系统借助JxTA平台实现P2P的基本功能:节点搜索、节点资源搜索、节点间的通讯和文件的统一管理等,实现了尽量利用可靠的组播并利用P2P实现跨组播域的信息传输.最后通过对管理模块在不同环境下的测试数据进行分析,表明该设计思想的有效性.     

基于Oracle的Data Guard疗养院容灾系统的探讨

容灾系统作为疗养院信息化建设的组成部分,是保证我院信息系统的稳定性、可靠性、安全性的重要手段。本文就基于Oracle的Data Guard容灾系统的设计,与大家共作探讨。     

基于最大流的网络编码组播路由算法

网络编码是一种能显著提升组播传输性能的通信机制.在组播网络中部署和实施网络编码,必须建立传输路由和确定编码模式.对于后者,许多学者提出了有效的解决方法,而对于路由问题的研究则相对较少.由于网络编码自身固有的特点,基于网络编码的组播传输与传统的IP组播在建立传输路由的方式上有所不同.鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于最大流的网络编码组播路由算法,该算法与有的编码模式一起,能够构成完整的网络编码组播传输方案.仿真实验表明,与传统的IP组播相比,基于该算法的网络编码组播能够提升组播传输的性能.     

高热惊厥患儿90例临床观察

目的探讨儿童高热惊厥（FC）的危险因素及预后。方法回顾性分析90例首次FC患儿临床资料,依据患儿是否出现复发进行分组（复发组21例,未复发组69例）,分析复发的危险因素。结果FC复发组初发年龄≤1岁、初发体温／〉38．5℃、有惊厥家族史、围生期异常均明显高于未复发组（均P〈0．05）;90例患儿随访,其中有2例转为无热惊厥,复发率为2．2％,最后诊断为癫痫,90例FC患儿智力发育良好。结论对FC患儿初发年龄、初发体温、FC类型和惊厥家族史等危险因素及时分析,采取相应的预防和治疗措施,是治疗FC患儿及预防复发的关键。     

低成本构建中小型医院信息系统容灾备份方案的设计分析

针对无条件建设异地机房,且部分系统已具有简单容灾能力的中小型医院,综合应用存储镜像技术和数据库镜像技术,设计一套低成本、安全性能稳定的信息系统容灾备份方案,确保数据安全和业务的不间断。     

一种动态负载均衡的P2P应用层组播方案

基于结构化的P2P基础设施,给出一种动态负载均衡的应用层组播方案--DLBMS.利用Tapestry协议的路由和定位机制,设计了延迟优化的组播转发树结构,采用根节点复制的方法生成多棵不相交的组播转发树,根据负载的变化动态调节组播转发树数目以实现负载均衡和降低源到组成员节点的端到端延迟.通过模拟实验说明了此方案在平均控制负载和端到端平均延迟方面的有效性.     

高热惊厥对儿童智力影响的研究

目的 :探讨高热惊厥 (以下简称 FC)对儿童智力的影响。方法 :采用 1∶ 1配对法对 6 6例 FC儿童的智力发育进行分析。结果 :本组 FC患儿中绝大多数 (87.88% )的智商 (IQ)在正常范围 (≥ 70 ) ,但与配对组儿童比较 ,平均 IQ低于配对组。FC的首发年龄越小对 IQ影响越大。智力缺陷 (IQ<70 )儿童的 FC的反复发作 (≥ 3次 )率明显高于其他患儿。结论 :FC对儿童智能的影响不可忽视 ,预防 3岁以内儿童 FC的发生和控制 FC频繁发作对保护儿童智能尤为重要     

脑脊液等容置换防治蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑血管痉挛

目的 :探讨脑脊液等容置换对蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑血管痉挛的防治效果。方法 :对 2 3例蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)病例随机分为脑脊液等容置换组 ( 12例 )和常规治疗对照组 ( 11例 ) ,比较脑脊液等容置换防治迟发性脑血管痉挛 (DCVS)的疗效。结果 :脑脊液等容置换组有 3例发生DCVS ,对照组有 8例 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;因DCVS而出现延迟性脑缺血性神经功能障碍 (DIND)者经头颅CT证实 ,脑脊液等容置换组脑梗塞有 1例 ,对照组有 6例 ,两组相比 P <0 .0 1;脑脊液等容置换组的死亡率也较对照组低。结论 :脑脊液等容置换有较好的防治SAH后DCVS的作用     

Extrasynaptic Glycine Receptors of Rodent Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neurons: A Sensitive Target for Ethanol

Alcohol abuse is a significant medical and social problem. Several neurotransmitter systems are implicated in ethanol''s actions, with certain receptors and ion channels emerging as putative targets. The dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus is associated with the behavioral actions of alcohol, but ethanol actions on these neurons are not well understood. Here, using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology we characterize DR inhibitory transmission and its sensitivity to ethanol. DR neurons exhibit inhibitory ‘phasic'' post-synaptic currents mediated primarily by synaptic GABA_A receptors (GABA_AR) and, to a lesser extent, by synaptic glycine receptors (GlyR). In addition to such phasic transmission mediated by the vesicular release of neurotransmitter, the activity of certain neurons may be governed by a ‘tonic'' conductance resulting from ambient GABA activating extrasynaptic GABA_ARs. However, for DR neurons extrasynaptic GABA_ARs exert only a limited influence. By contrast, we report that unusually the GlyR antagonist strychnine reveals a large tonic conductance mediated by extrasynaptic GlyRs, which dominates DR inhibition. In agreement, for DR neurons strychnine increases their input resistance, induces membrane depolarization, and consequently augments their excitability. Importantly, this glycinergic conductance is greatly enhanced in a strychnine-sensitive fashion, by behaviorally relevant ethanol concentrations, by drugs used for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, and by taurine, an ingredient of certain ‘energy drinks'' often imbibed with ethanol. These findings identify extrasynaptic GlyRs as critical regulators of DR excitability and a novel molecular target for ethanol.     

Functional Alterations in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Following Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure

Alcoholism is a pervasive disorder perpetuated in part to relieve negative mood states like anxiety experienced during alcohol withdrawal. Emerging evidence demonstrates a role for the serotonin-rich dorsal raphe (DR) in anxiety following ethanol withdrawal. The current study examined the effects of chronic ethanol vapor exposure on the DR using slice electrophysiology in male DBA2/J mice. We found that chronic ethanol exposure resulted in deficits in social approach indicative of increased anxiety-like behavior at both 24 h and 7 days post-ethanol exposure. At 24 h post-ethanol exposure, we observed increased excitability and decreased spontaneous inhibitory transmission (inhibitory postsynaptic currents, IPSCs) in the DR. At 7 days post-ethanol exposure, we observed increased spontaneous and miniature excitatory transmission (excitatory postsynaptic currents, EPSCs). Because acute ethanol alters GABA transmission in other brain regions, we assessed the effects of ex vivo ethanol (50 mM) on miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) in the DR 24-h post-ethanol exposure. Bath application of ethanol enhanced the amplitude of mIPSCs in cells from ethanol-naive and chronic intermittent ethanol-exposed (CIE) mice, but significantly enhanced the frequency of mIPSCs only in cells from CIE mice, suggesting that DR neurons are more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of acute ethanol following CIE. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesize that net excitation of DR neurons following chronic ethanol exposure contributes to enhanced anxiety during ethanol withdrawal, and that increased sensitivity of DR neurons to subsequent ethanol exposure may mediate acute ethanol''s ability to relieve anxiety during ethanol withdrawal.     

Lactational exposure to hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl (OH‐PCB 106) causes hyperactivity in male rat pups by aberrant increase in dopamine and its receptor

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are recognized as persistent environmental pollutants that may cause adverse health problems. Despite extensive investigations of PCB in neural function, little is known about behavioral traits by PCB exposure and its neurochemical mechanism. Here, we report the behavioral study of a rat pup that was exposed to hydroxylated‐PCB 106 (OH‐PCB 106; 4‐hydroxy‐2',3,3',4',5'‐pentachlorobiphenyl) through maternal milk. The different groups of mothers received via gavage corn oil vehicle, 0.5, 5, or 50 mg/kg body weight of OH‐PCB 106 every second day from day 3 to 13 after delivery. The exposure did not affect the body weight of the dams or the physical development of the newborn pups in both sexes. Male rats exposed to OH‐PCB 106 showed hyperactivity that was characterized by increased locomotor activity in novel environment and circadian period. Interestingly, OH‐PCB 106‐exposed rat pups displayed abnormally high levels of dopamine and D2 dopamine receptor (D2DR), but not D1DR and D5DR, in the striatum, an important center for the coordination of behavior. These findings indicate that OH‐PCB 106 has a significant neurotoxic effect on rat behavior, which may be associated with increased D2DR mediated signals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 876–883, 2014.     

糖化血红蛋白控制理想的2型糖尿病视网膜病变与血糖波动的关系

目的 动态血糖监测（CGM）评估血糖波动,探讨糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）<7.0%的2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变（DR）与血糖波动的关系。方法 选择2014年5月至2018年1月在合肥市第二人民医院内分泌科住院的168例HbA1c<7.0%的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,根据DR病变程度,将108例无DR的患者纳为NDR组,60例DR患者纳为DR组。对受试者进行连续72 h的CGM,计算平均血糖（MBG）、血糖水平标准差（SDBG）、有效波动平均幅度（MAGE）,同时检测HbAlc、血压、体质指数,评估HbA1c控制理想的2型糖尿病视网膜病变与血糖波动之间的相关性。结果 DR组患者病程（8.33±0.82）年、收缩压（138.20±11.84）mmHg、舒张压（86.53±8.57）mmHg、SDBG（2.73±0.54）、MAGE（3.98±0.70）mmol/L,均高于NDR组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示,病程、MAGE是2型糖尿病患者发生DR的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 HbAlc<7.0%的2型糖尿病患者DR与糖尿病病程、血糖波动及血压有关。     

糖尿病视网膜病变的彩色多普勒超声分期

目的依据彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检测结果,探讨对糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的分期方法。方法对152例糖尿病患者304只眼,进行CDFI检查,依据其检查结果对DR进行分期,并与检眼镜检查的DR分期标准进行比较,提出CDFI检查的DR分期。结果304只眼依据CDFI结果可将DR分为3期,即:DRⅠ期191只眼,占62.8%;DRⅡ期28只眼,占9.3%;DRⅢ期46只眼,占15.1%。另有39只眼未患有视网膜病。结论该分期方法可有助于减少漏诊和早期治疗。     

床边数字化X线摄影影像质量的影响因素分析

目的通过对床边DR的影像质量的影响因素分析,总结DR床旁摄影的经验与教训,提出改进方法。方法对1265份数字化x线影像资料（1265张影像片）进行回顾性分析,并按部位、阳性率及图像质量进行统计和分析,探讨影响成像质量因素。结果1265份影像片中,甲级片1032张,甲级片率为81．6％;乙级片181张,乙级片率为14．3％;丙级片52张,丙级片率为4．1％,没有废片。对233张非甲级片进行影像质量原因统计、分析及分类。其中由设备性能问题所致为39张,占16．7％;图像噪声：15张,占6．4％;摄片技术：101张,占43．3％;图像后处理：31张,13．3％;激光相机与打印：10张,占4．3％;人为因素的影响37张,占15．9％。结论影响DR照片质量因素很多,技术人员的操作技能和水平是其主要因素。     

Increasing drug-related mortality rates over the last decade in Scotland are not just due to an ageing cohort: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundIn Europe, North America, and Australia, mortality due to drug-related (DR) causes amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) is a major issue. Our objective was to characterise temporal trends in DR mortality rates in a large cohort of PWID in Scotland over the past decade, all of whom had been diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and to investigate factors associated with DR mortality.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal cohort study linking Scotland's national HCV Diagnosis Database and deaths registry. The study cohort consisted of all individuals with likely injection drug use-related route of HCV acquisition, who had been diagnosed with HCV between 1991 and 2018, and were alive and aged under 65 years on 1 January 2009. We used Lexis expansion to adjust for ageing cohort effects and calculated the mortality rate from an underlying/contributing DR cause over the period 2009–2018. We fitted Poisson regression models to estimate the temporal trend adjusting for attained age, sex, referral setting, region, and viraemic status at baseline.ResultsAmongst the study population (n = 35,065; 236,914 person-years), a total of 1900 DR deaths occurred; the DR mortality rate increased from 5.6/1000 [101 deaths] in 2009 to 12.4/1000 [342] person-years in 2018. Increasing trends were observed for all age-groups except 55–64 years. The overall DR mortality rate was highest for referrals for HCV testing from prison (11.0/1000) and hospital settings (10.0/1000). Mortality increased with calendar time period, with significantly raised adjusted rate ratios (RRs) from 2015 (RR=1.40, 95% CI:1.16–1.69) to 2018 (RR=2.23, 95% CI:1.88–2.64), compared with 2011–2012, for older age (35–44: RR=1.37, 95% CI:1.20–1.56; 45–54: RR=1.32, CI:1.14–1.53) compared with <35 years, for persons diagnosed with HCV since 2009 (RR=1.34, 95% CI:1.21–1.49), and for prison and hospital referrals (RRs of 1.30, 1.37) compared with GP referrals.ConclusionIncreasing DR mortality rates in Scotland over the past decade are not just due to an ageing cohort. Harm reduction services will likely need to expand and adapt to reverse the recent upward trends in DR mortality in PWID.     

深圳市2005年、2009年结核菌耐药监测结果

目的了解深圳市结核分枝杆菌耐药情况,为深圳市结核病控制提供科学依据。方法依据（WHO／IUALD）结核病耐药指南,将深圳市2005年和2009年每年3月至8月间所有新涂阳和新登记的复治涂阳的肺结核作为监测对象,对2005年802例、2009年1054例成功分离的结核分枝杆菌菌株,用比例法进行药物敏感实验。结果2005年总耐药率18．3％,初始耐药率17．2％,获得性耐药率31．3％;总耐多药率4．7％,初始和获得性耐多药率分别为3．25％和21．9％;2009年总耐药率17．4％,初始耐药率16％,获得性耐药率39．3％;总耐多药率3．8％,初始和获得性耐多药率分别为3．02％和16．4％。2009年以上各耐药率、各耐多药率与2005年比较,差异元统计学意义,2005年、2009年的获得性耐药率、获得性耐多药率均显著高于初始耐药率、初始耐多药率。结论深圳市耐药结核病的发生率处于较高水平,应该引起高度重视。     

TRAIL受体DR4、DR5、DcR1在结肠癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡导配体(TRAIL)受体DR4、DR5、DcR1在结肠癌中的表达及临床意义,为TRAIL的抗肿瘤作用提供实验依据.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测35例结肠癌和14例正常结肠黏膜组织中DR4、DR5、DcR1表达水平.结果 35例结肠癌组织中DR5的阳性表达率为27/35(77.14%),DR...