Use of a Constraint Satisfaction Network Model for the Evaluation of the Methadone Treatments of Drug Addicts

Constraint Satisfaction Networks were used by Semeion, a Research Center of Science of Communication, in order to analyze drug-addict patient data files, provided by the Jerusalem Methadone Treatment Center. The short and partial analysis carried out in this article is presented to show how this high technology can be a support for treatment staff in order to improve the quality and the timeliness of the necessary intervention with patients. One of the problems for which the networks could offer support is, for example, the individuation or “matching” of the most suitable therapy for the patient during the treatment planning phase. In this field the networks need to analyze data files of patients in therapy at different centers, with the results collected after many years of observation. What follows, obviously, only has demonstrative values.     

基于约束逻辑的非单调属性委托

分析了目前分布式协作环境下属性委托模型否定授权能力的现状,引入约束逻辑中否定推理的原理,提出一个支持否定授权的属性委托模型,并给出相应的操作语义,最后对该模型进行可靠性和完备性验证及约束域的分析.理论分析表明,提出的基于约束逻辑否定推理的属性委托模型在扩展的范围约束域上是可行的,与原有的类似模型相比具有更强的表达能力.     

Medical Problems Associated with Addiction to Opioid Drugs

Opioid drugs include opium and all its mixtures, its derivatives, and related synthetic compounds. They are all narcotics and they produce drug addiction of the same general variety. The important phenomena of tolerance, physical dependence and emotional dependence are responsible for many of the medical problems associated with their use. Medical disorders are especially common among heroin addicts, since heroin is only obtainable illegally and at high expense, and it is usually administered intravenously by the addict himself or a fellow addict. Medical disorders commonly seen among addicts include serum hepatitis, venereal diseases, malnutrition, skin infections with residual scars, superficial venous thrombosis, abscess formation of the skin and of internal organs, amenorrhea, fungus diseases of the skin, respiratory diseases (pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma), psychosomatic disorders, periodontal disease and dental caries.     

基于Stirling数的多条件约束组卷算法的研究与实现

利用Stirling数原理,研究解决多种条件约束下组卷算法的数学模型和主体思想。从实际问题出发,从算法的合理性、可操作性以及利用Stirling数原理建立模型,将二维约束降为一维,再利用改进的回溯算法搜索符合多目标约束条件的全部组卷策略。利用此策略实现自动化组卷,并将此算法及原理实际应用在通用题库管理平台上。     

Analog-Cell电子细胞模型中基于并发约束的随机模型构架

提出了一种在电子细胞模型中基于并发约束的随机模型架构方法,应用该架构建立了模拟基因表达过程的电子细胞模型Analog-Cell.模拟结果表明Analog-Cell这种基于并发约束的随机模型构架能更准确地反映出生物系统的真实性,相比其他电子细胞模型含有更丰富的图像信息,能更清晰地观察细胞内基因表达的全过程,具有良好的应用前景.     

Depressive Symptoms and Associated Clinical Characteristics in Outpatients Seeking Community-Based Treatment for Alcohol and Drug Problems

Background: Comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders are common and associated with poorer treatment engagement, retention, and outcomes. This study examines the presence of depressive symptoms and the demographic and clinical correlates in a diverse sample of substance abuse treatment seekers to better characterize patients with co-occurring depressive symptoms and substance use disorders and understand potential treatment needs. Methods: Baseline data from a randomized clinical effectiveness trial of a computer-assisted, Web-delivered psychosocial intervention were analyzed. Participants (N = 507) were recruited from 10 geographically diverse outpatient drug treatment programs. Assessments included the self-report Patient Health Questionnaire, and measures of coping strategies, social functioning, physical health status, and substance use. Results: One fifth (21%; n = 106) of the sample screened positive for depression; those screening positive for depression were significantly more likely to screen positive for anxiety (66.9%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 42.9%). After controlling for anxiety and PTSD symptoms, presence of depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with fewer coping strategies (P = .001), greater impairment in social adjustment (P < .001), and poorer health status (P < .001), but not to days of drug use in the last 90 days (P = .14). Conclusions: Depression is a clinically significant problem among substance abusers, and, in this study, patients who screened positive for depression were more likely to have co-occurring symptoms of anxiety and PTSD. Additionally, the presence of depressive symptoms was associated with fewer coping strategies and poorer social adjustment. Coping skills are a significant predictor of addiction outcomes, and it may be especially important to screen for and enhance coping among depressed patients. Evidence-based interventions that target coping skills and global functioning among substance abusers with depressive symptoms may be important adjuncts to usual treatment.     

Factors Associated With Marijuana use and Problems Among College Students in Colorado

Background: Past studies have shown that heavy marijuana use can impact student outcomes. Frequent use and misuse of marijuana have been associated with a range of psychological and personality factors in young adults, but there has been limited research focused on the college environment in states where marijuana has been legalized for recreational purposes.

Objectives: We examined whether marijuana use and problems were associated with a range of demographic, personality, and psychological variables among college students at a midsized Colorado university. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 300 university students who submitted a urine screen and completed measures on marijuana use, problem marijuana use, anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and openness to experience. Results: Last year and recent marijuana use were high (65%, 29%; respectively), as assessed through self-report and a urine screen. Using logistic regression, male sex and greater openness to experience were associated with greater marijuana use when assessed with a urine screen, while greater openness to experience and impulsivity were associated with greater self-reported marijuana use within the last year. In the final step of a hierarchical linear regression model, male sex and greater impulsivity and depression–but not openness to experience, general anxiety or social anxiety–were associated with greater problem marijuana use. Conclusions: This study extends the literature on psychological and personality correlates of marijuana use among college students. It may be useful to assess these correlates to identify students who are at risk of developing problems and in intervening with students with problem use.     

Psychological and Readjustment Problems Associated with Emergency Evacuation of Peace Corps Volunteers

Background: To assess the psychological impact of emergency evacuation on individuals temporarily residing in foreign countries, we surveyed two groups of recently returned Peace Corps Volunteers.
Methods: Cases were individuals (n = 265) who had been evacuated under emergency circumstances from their countries of service: Liberia, the Philippines, and Yemen. The control group (n = 90) consisted of the immediate predecessors of cases from the same countries who had completed their service under regular circumstances.
Results: There were no significant age or gender differences between cases and controls. The median length of service in the foreign country was 14 months for evacuees and 24 months for regular returnees. Feelings of depression were self-reported by 60% of evacuees while 29% of controls reported this. For feelings of disorientation, 55% of cases versus 33% of regular returnees reported such symptoms. Other symptoms identified by more than 40% of evacuees included: difficulty making decisions (49% versus 26% of controls); anxiety (46% versus 27% of controls); numbness of feelings (43% versus 14% of controls); and periods of crying (43% versus 12% of controls).
Conclusion: Temporary residence in a foreign culture may be associated with significant psychological symptoms upon return to one's home country. When forced to depart from one's host country under emergency conditions, the likelihood of individuals reporting these symptoms markedly increases.     

基于德尔菲法的临床药师对住院患者药学服务满意度调查表的设计

目的 设计住院患者对临床药师提供的药学服务的满意度调查表,为临床药师的服务质量考核提供参考。方法 采用德尔菲法对24名专家进行2轮函询,分别计算专家积极系数、专家权威程度、专家协调程度等,对函询结果进行整理分析后最终确立临床药师药学服务住院患者满意度调查表,并采用Cronbach's α系数和平均量表水平的内容效度指数（S-CVI/Ave）评价满意度调查表的内部一致性信度、内容效度。结果 2轮函询专家积极系数分别为96%和100%,专家权威程度分别为0.77和0.80,专家协调程度分别为0.312和0.364,根据专家意见对指标进行修改、删除、合并后最终形成含有3个一级指标、8个二级指标、12个三级条目的满意度调查表,该满意度调查表的Cronbach's α系数和S-CVI/Ave分别为0.896和0.939。结论 本研究基于德尔菲法设计的满意度调查表较为合理可靠,可适用于住院患者对临床药学服务满意度的调查。