急诊介入治疗急性心肌梗死74例

目的 分析过去28个月期间急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的74例急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人的临床治疗体会.方法对74例AMI病人经股动脉(46例)或桡动脉(28例)施行急诊PCI,先以常规方法行冠状动脉造影,确定梗死相关动脉(IRA),后行PCI,指引导丝通过病变处,用球囊扩张使IRA开通,再置入支架.结果急诊PCI成功率98.6%,住院病死率1.4%,IRA的TIMI 3级血流开通率92.0%.术中发生再灌注心律失常36例,一过性无再流8例.结论急诊PCI能迅速开通AMI病人的IRA并达到TIMI 3级血流,从而挽救濒死心肌,改善预后,进一步降低病死率.     

急诊冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的通过回顾性分析,探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对急性心肌梗死(AMl)的安全性和治疗效果.方法我院收治的ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者,发病时间在12h内,行急诊冠状动脉造影、急诊PCI和支架植入术.如果梗死相关血管(IRA)前向血流为TIMI 0～2级或虽达到TIMI 3级,但残余狭窄≥90%者采取急诊PCI治疗.结果入选急性心肌梗死患者119例行急诊冠状动脉造影,男82例,女37例,年龄35～86岁,平均(58.8±12.7)岁,冠状动脉造影显示:IRA为前降支72例;右冠状动脉为43例;回旋支为4例.110例患者IRA行球囊扩张和支架植入,有7例患者行球囊扩张后残余狭窄＜20%,TIMI 3级,未进一步行支架置入.行PCI的117例患者,成功率98.8%,IRA的前向血流达到TIMI 3级的达95.4%.随访30d,95例患者(80%)无事件生存,住院期间死亡5例,发生急性和亚急性闭塞5例.结论急性心肌梗死行紧急PCI,疗效明显且安全,应在有条件的医院大力开展,推广应用.     

急性ST心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中冠脉注射替罗非班对vWF水平与冠脉血流关系的影响

目的探讨急性ST心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对血管性血友病因子(v WF)与冠状动脉心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验(TIMI)血流关系及其影响。方法选取72例首次确诊STEMI冠状动脉梗死相关动脉(IRA)TIMI≤1级行急诊PCI的患者,将其分为实验组和对照组,各36例。两组患者均成功置入支架,其中实验组梗死相关动脉开通前冠状动脉内注射盐酸替罗非班,对照组常规静脉使用盐酸替罗非班,比较两组术后TIMI血流分级,PCI术前后IRA局部血浆v WF的水平。结果实验组患者急诊支架置入术后TIMI血流3级34例、对照组27例,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);支架置入后冠状动脉病变处血浆v WF浓度:实验组(138.56±1.08)μg/L、对照组(158.72±1.26)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI冠脉注射替罗非班可以明显降低v WF的表达及释放,改善冠脉血流状况。PCI患者术后发生无复流与术前v WF水平有一定关系。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者围术期发生心室纤颤的相关因素研究

目的分析急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者围术期发生心室纤颤的相关因素。方法选取2008年1月—2013年1月我科进行急诊PCI的AMI患者208例,根据患者围术期是否发生心室纤颤将其分为观察组35例(发生心室纤颤)和对照组173例(未发生心室纤颤)。回顾性分析患者的临床资料,包括:性别、年龄、血压、血常规、心电图、入院血糖、电解质、CK-MB、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、胸痛发作到PCI时间、术前及术中用药等。观察不同梗死相关血管(IRA)患者及PCI术后不同IRA血流心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)分级患者心室纤颤发生率。结果 208例患者心室纤颤发生率为16.8%(35/208)。观察组患者CK-MB、cTnT、再灌注心律失常发生率及病死率均高于对照组(P0.05);PCI术后IRA血流TIMI分级间心室纤颤发生率比较:IRA血流TIMI 3级TIMI 2级TIMI 1级(P0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,PCI术后IRA血流TIMI分级、再灌注心律失常发生率与急诊PCI的AMI患者围术期心室纤颤的发生有关。结论 PCI术后IRA血流TIMI分级及再灌注心律失常发生率是急诊PCI的AMI患者围术期发生心室纤颤的相关因素。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄急性心肌梗死患者的临床疗效分析

目的评价高龄急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊行经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)的临床疗效和预后.方法对157例发病在18 h以内的高龄AMI患者梗塞相关血管(IRA)急诊行经皮冠脉腔内成形术(PTCA)加冠脉内支架置入术.观察手术前后IRA的狭窄程度、心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流、成功率和心功能情况.结果157支IRA,163处靶病变平均狭窄程度95%～100%,TIMI血流0～2级,急诊PTCA后共置入158枚冠脉内支架,155支IRA术后完全再通,即刻成功率98.73%.2支IRA因PTCA后无血流未置入支架.经置入冠脉内支架后IRA均恢复到TIMI血流3级,残余狭窄为0%～10%.1例于术中死亡,2例于术后48 h死亡,住院期间总病死率1.91%.术后随访6～15个月,全部存活,心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,无严重的心脏不良事件[(死亡、再次心肌梗死、急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)]发生.结论急诊冠脉介入治疗对高龄AMI成功率高,临床疗效显著,能明显降低心脏事件的发生和提高患者的生活质量.     

直接冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入冠状动脉内支架治疗的临床效果.方法对22例AMI患者在发病12小时内,未经球囊预扩张而直接置入冠状动脉内支架.梗死相关血管(IRA)(共22支血管),左前降支12例(54.5%),左回旋支5例(22.7%),右冠状动脉5例(22.7%).心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流1级5例(22.7%),2级13例(59.1%),3级4例(18.2%).结果 22例患者共置入22个支架,支架置入后 TIMI血流3级21例(95.5%),2级1例(4.5%),残余狭窄为3.2±2.9%,支架置入成功率100%.住院期间无一例死亡、再次心肌梗死及再次靶病变需重复再通治疗.结论急性心血肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入冠状动脉内支架治疗,成功率高、并发症少,TIMI血流3级达到率高.     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗联合主动脉内球囊反搏的临床疗效分析

目的 对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期合并心源性休克(CS)患者联合主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助支持治疗进行临床观察,分析评估与其住院病死率相关的危险因素.方法 58例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊冠状动脉(冠脉)造影和(或)PCI,全部病例围术期因合并心源性休克行不同时期的IABP辅助支持,并对其中54例(93.1%)梗死相关动脉(IRA)植入冠脉支架(64枚).回顾性分析患者的临床特征,冠脉造影,PCI治疗情况和住院期疗效.结果 58例患者平均住院12.3天±9.7天,住院期间39例(64.24%)存活(存活组),19例(32.76%)死亡(死亡组).与存活组比较,死亡组患者年龄增大,左主干和三支血管病变增多,术后IRA血流TIMI 0-1级发生率增高(P＜0.05).结论 IABP为急诊PCI围术期合并心源性休克的AMI患者提供稳定的血流动力学支持,高龄、左主干病变、三支血管病变和IRA未充分开通是住院期病死率的主要危险因素.     

药物洗脱支架直接置入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床观察

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(CYPHERTM,codis)治疗的临床效果。方法对21例AMI患者在发病12h内,未经球囊预扩张而直接置入药物洗脱支架。梗死相关血管(IRA)共21支,左前降支10例,左回旋支4例,右冠状动脉7例。心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流1级10例、2级9例、3级2例。结果21例患者共置入21个CYPHERTM支架,支架置入后TIMI血流3级20例、2级1例,残余狭窄为3±4.1%,支架置入成功率100%。住院期间无一例死亡,也无再次心肌梗死及再次靶病变需重复再通治疗。结论急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架治疗,成功率高,并发症少,安全可行。     

急诊PCI治疗中应用血栓抽吸联合冠脉内IRA给予替罗非班对急性心肌梗死无复流的影响

目的评价急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用血栓抽吸联合冠脉内梗死相关动脉(IRA)给予替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)无复流的影响、疗效及安全性。方法 80例急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死IRA TIMI≤1级行PCI的患者分为2组,常规均静脉使用替罗非班,其中实验组40例支架置入前行血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉IRA处推注替罗非班,对照组40例直接PCI治疗,2组均成功置入支架。比较2组术后TIMI血流分级、心电图ST段回落、左室射血分数值、左室舒张末内径及住院期间主要心血管不良事件和出血并发症等。结果实验组TIMI血流3级、心电图ST段完全回落数及左室射血分数值均高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组IRA无复流、左室舒张末内径低于对照组(P<0.05);2组住院期间主要心血管不良事件比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论 AMI急诊行PCI血栓抽吸联合冠脉内IRA处给替罗非班可以改善冠状动脉血流和梗死区域的心肌再灌注,近期可以改善心室功能,减少重构,是安全有效的。     

急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者院内死亡因素分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)手术住院期间死亡的危险因素及死亡原因。方法:438例接受急诊PCI的AMI患者,根据住院期间存活与否,分为死亡组(21例)和存活组(417例),比较两组患者的临床特征和冠状动脉造影及介入治疗结果,分析发生院内死亡的原因及死亡预测因素。结果:死亡组患者中年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、多支闭塞(≥2支)、近段闭塞、梗死相关动脉(IRA)开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级、IRA开通后即刻血压下降与存活组相比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析表明年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的独立预测因素。死亡原因中,心源性休克8例(38.1%)、恶性心律失常6例(28.6%)分居第1和第2位。结论:年龄65岁、心功能Killp分级≥Ⅱ级、心源性休克、广泛前壁梗死、IRA开通后即刻TIMI血流≤Ⅱ级是急诊PCI患者围术期死亡的危险因素。心源性休克、恶性心律失常是急诊PCI手术住院期间主要死亡原因。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.