JNK抑制剂SP600125对低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用

【目的】研究特异性c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)抑制剂SP600125对低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用。【方法】把体外培养的小脑颗粒神经元从含去极化浓度钾离子(KCl 25mmol／L)的培养基中转移至低钾培养基(KCl 5mmol／L)中诱导神经元凋亡。以Western blot法检测JNK和c-Jun的磷酸化水平。【结果】低钾(KCl 5mmol／L)磷酸化并激活JNK，诱导c-Jun磷酸化和小脑颗粒神经元凋亡。SP600125通过抑制c-Jun磷酸化而浓度依赖性地促进低钾环境中培养的小脑颗粒神经元的存活。其保护作用的半数有效量(ED50)为1．01μmol／L。【结论】SP600125通过特异性地抑制JNK活性而对低钾培养的小脑颗粒神经元具有保护作用；提示JNK是介导低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的关键激酶，它可能可以作为干扰神经元凋亡的药物的作用靶点。     

p38 MAPK抑制剂通过抑制JNK活性抑制培养的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡

【目的】研究特异性p38分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）抑制剂SB203580对低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的作用。【方法】把体外培养的小脑颗粒神经元从含去极化浓度钾离子（KCl25mmol*L-1）的培养基中转移至低钾培养基（KCl5mmol*L-1）中诱导神经元凋亡。凝胶电泳分析DNA片段,SAPK/JNK分析盒测定c-JunN-末端蛋白激酶(JNK)活性。【结果】低钾诱导小脑颗粒神经元的具有典型形态学和生化特征的凋亡。特异性的p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580通过抑制细胞凋亡,促进低钾环境中培养的小脑颗粒神经元存活。这种保护作用具有浓度依赖性。培养于低钾环境中的颗粒神经元,c-Jun表达和磷酸化水平升高了,且激活了JNK活性。当小脑颗粒神经元生长在含SB20358025μmol*L-1的低钾培养基中,c-Jun表达、磷酸化水平和JNK活性都明显降低。【结论】SB203580抑制JNK活性,降低c-Jun的磷酸化而对低钾培养的小脑颗粒神经元具有保护作用。     

热刺激预处理对复极化诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用

【目的】热刺激预处理诱导热休克蛋白表达 ,观察它对复极化诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡是否具有保护作用。【方法】热刺激处理诱导热休克蛋白产生 ,复极化诱导体外培养的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡 ,FDA荧光染色计算细胞存活率 ,相差显微镜分析细胞形态 ,Hoechst332 5 8染色分析核形态 ,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析DNA片段 ,Westernblotting检测HSP70 表达。【结果】小脑颗粒神经元在去极化条件 (2 5mmol/LKCl)下生长良好 ,复极化 (5mmol/LKCl )后 2 0h ,相差显微镜下神经元胞体缩小 ,突起断裂。Hoechst 332 5 8染色见核固缩和凋亡小体。琼脂糖凝胶电泳出现细胞凋亡的典型生化特征—DNA梯状条带。预先对小脑颗粒神经元进行热刺激处理 (4 4℃ )不同时间 (6 0min ,90min)再复极化 ,神经元凋亡数明显减少 ,且随热处理时间延长 ,保护作用增强。Westernblotting结果 :随热刺激 (4 4℃ )处理时间延长 ,HSP70 表达量逐渐增加。【结论】热刺激预处理对复极化诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡具有保护作用。这一保护作用可能涉及HSP70 。     

JNK抑制剂SP600125对低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用

[目的]研究特异性c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)抑制剂SP600125对低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用。[方法]把体外培养的小脑颗粒神经元从含去极化浓度钾离子(KCl 25mmol/L)的培养基中转移至低钾培养基(KCl 5mmol/L)中诱导神经元凋亡。以Western blot法检测JNK和c-Jun的磷酸化水平。[结果]低钾(KCl 5 mmol/L)磷酸化并激活JNK,诱导c-Jun磷酸化和小脑颗粒神经元凋亡。SP600125通过抑制c-Jun磷酸化而浓度依赖性地促进低钾环境中培养的小脑颗粒神经元的存活。其保护作用的半数有效量(ED_(50))为1.01μmol/L。[结论]SP600125通过特异性地抑制JNK活性而对低钾培养的小脑颗粒神经元具有保护作用;提示JNK是介导低钾诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的关键激酶,它可能可以作为干扰神经元凋亡的药物的作用靶点。     

海洋甾体YC-1抑制低钾诱导大鼠小脑颗粒神经元的凋亡

【目的】观察海洋甾体YC 1对低钾 (5mmol/L ,lowK )诱导小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的影响 ,并对其机制进行初步探讨。【方法】小脑颗粒神经元原代培养 ;采用二乙酸荧光素 (fluoresceindiacetate ,FDA)和Hoechst 332 5 8DNA染色法观察神经元存活率及形态学特征 ;用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析神经元死亡的生化特征。【结果】低钾引起小脑颗粒神经元凋亡。Hoechst332 5 8DNA染色表现出染色体固缩 ,DNA凝胶电泳表现出由大小不一的断裂DNA片段形成的“梯形”条带。YC 1(1 2 5～ 2 0 μmol/L)呈时间和剂量依赖性地抑制上述现象的出现。蛋白质合成抑制剂放线菌酮 (cycloheximide)不能改变由不同孵育时间造成的YC 1对神经元不同保护效果的差异。【结论】YC 1抑制低钾诱导小脑颗粒神经元凋亡 ,YC 1的这一作用可能属于一非基因效应。     

热刺激预处理对复极化诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用

[目的]热刺激预处理诱导热休克蛋白表达，观察它对复极化诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡是否具有保护作用。[方法]热刺激处理诱导休克蛋白产生，复极化诱导体外培养的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡，FDA荧光染色计算细胞存活率，相差显微镜分析细胞形态，Hoechst33258染色分析核形态，琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析DNA片段，Western blotting检测HSP70表达。[结果]小脑颗粒神经元在去极化条件(25mmol/LKCl)下生长良好，复极化（5mmol/LKCl)后20h，相差显微镜下神经元胞体缩小，突起断裂，Hoechst33258染色见核固缩和凋亡小体，琼脂糖凝胶电泳出现细胞凋亡的典型生化特征-DNA梯状条带，预先对小脑颗粒神经元进行热刺激处理（44℃）不同时间（60min,90min)再复极化，神经元凋亡数明显减少，且随热处理时间延长，保护作用增强，Western bloting结果：随热刺激（44℃）处理时间延长，HSP70表达量逐渐增加。[结论]热刺激预处理对复极化诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡具有保护作用。这一保护作用可能涉及HSP70。     

酒精对原代培养大鼠小脑细胞的损害

原代培养的新生大鼠小脑颗粒神经元及小脑细胞经不同浓度的酒精进行处理 ,用倒置显微镜及四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞存活率。结果酒精浓度在 5～ 40mmol/L时 ,细胞存活率呈剂量依赖性降低。酒精浓度增至 16 0mmol/L时 ,颗粒神经元的存活率回升。提示酒精对原代培养大鼠小脑细胞有细胞毒性作用。在高浓度 ( 16 0mmol/L)时 ,其对颗粒神经元毒性减小     

中山医科大学学报2002年第23卷总目次

5年恙螨与媒介恙螨传播恙虫病的基础研究 (黎家灿 ,等 ) (1) :1重新去极化对小脑颗粒神经元ｃ Ｊｕｎ的影响 (黄奕俊 ,等 ) (1) :10热刺激预处理对复极化诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用 (陈丽君 ,等 ) (1) :14恶性疟原虫Ｐｆ3 3 2基因片段的克隆及表达 (单志新 ,等 ) (1)     

银杏内酯B对谷氨酸诱导大鼠大脑皮质神经元氧化损伤的影响

【目的】探讨银杏内酯B(ginkgolide B)对谷氨酸(glutamate)引起原代培养的脑皮质神经元氧化损伤的保护作用。【方法】采用改良的方法原代培养胎鼠脑皮质神经元,用噻唑蓝(MTT)及乳酸脱氢酶法分别检测神经元的存活率和损伤情况;用硫代巴比妥酸法测定细胞脂质过氧化的程度;并同时检测了细胞内抗氧化酶的活性。【结果】银杏内酯B(10～100μmol/L)能剂量依赖性地抑制谷氨酸(0.8 mmol/L)引起的细胞存活率下降和细胞损伤,同时提高细胞内抗氧化酶活性和减轻细胞脂质过氧化。【结论】银杏内酯B可拮抗谷氨酸所致的神经细胞毒性作用,这可能与其能提高神经细胞内抗氧化酶活性和清除氧自由基有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.