综合医院护理核心作者科研真实体验的质性研究

目的 通过质性研究了解综合医院护理核心作者护理科研中的影响因素及成功经验,为提升其护理科研水平、推动护理学科发展提供参考。 方法 运用现象学的研究方法,对10名护理核心作者群成员科研活动影响因素及成功经验进行深度访谈,对获取的资料进行归纳分析。 结果 护理核心作者科研体验提炼出3个主题：护理科研的动机主要为兴趣和热情,护理科研的阻碍因素包括内在因素（受教育程度不够导致科研素质缺乏）和外在因素（缺乏足够的时间和精力、缺乏科研条件和外部支持）两方面,以及成功的经验（带着评判性思维工作、高效阅读文献、争取各种学习机会、善于利用各种支持力量、营造团队科研氛围以及重视科研监督和过程指导）。 结论 综合医院护理核心作者对护理科研及论文写作有着正向的认知,但护理科研的内在和外在阻碍因素共存,其成功经验对临床护理人员护理科研的开展有着重要的指导意义。     

Interventions for improving research productivity in clinical radiology

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of research promotion activities on overall quality and quantity of research output in a clinical department of a teaching tertiary care hospital. Simple research enhancing strategies including regular journal club, research hour, basic research skills training, hiring of research faculty, research awards, and annual research retreat and research board to increase research production were implemented in the Department of Radiology of a teaching hospital in Pakistan. A total of 77 papers were produced by the Department of Radiology before the intervention, which increased to 92 after the introduction of research initiatives. There was a significant increase in the overall proportion of publications in the international journals after the intervention (p < 0.001) with an increasing trend towards indexed journals (p < 0.001). The research enhancing interventions had a positive effect on increasing clinical research output by the Department of Radiology. Such interventions can also be replicated in other clinical departments to increase their research productivity.     

Interest in Surgical Research

ABSTRACT

Interest in surgical research is a decisive factor in the surgical advances seen in the 20th century since interest in research represents the first key to the progress of the surgical sciences.How do you stimulate interest in research by non-believers or those not attracted to the research enterprise? This is the critical question that needs to be answered in order to achieve the best participation possible. We believe that intermixing the interest in research and research results observed today demonstrates the benefit of research in the clinical sciences and patient care. Furthermore, bringing the importance of research interest into medical and surgical staff meetings represents the best way to position its prominence among all attendees.

Knowing that research is the basis for evidence-based medicine makes it obvious that having interest in research would facilitate the understanding and application of evidence-based principles. In this regard, then, interest in research becomes of paramount importance.     

本科护生护理研究教学效果调查分析

目的了解《护理研究》教学效果,为进一步探索《护理研究》教学改革方案提供借鉴。方法自行设计《护理研究》教学效果调查表,对126名本科护生进行调查,调查内容包括科研能力、科研精神及其对教学效果的评价。结果护生学习前后对科研能力、科研精神自我评价比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);对课程教学的总体评价尚好(82.5%)、认为最难的授课内容为科研设计(57.1%)、现阶段65.9%护生认为开展科研活动的主要困难是因不在临床而收集资料困难、91.3%认为在其他课程中渗透科研知识很有必要、88.9%认为提高护理科研意识和能力的较好方法是参与课题研究。结论护理研究教学效果较好,利于提升护生的科研能力和意志。     

成人高校护理大专生科研论文训练初探

目的 探索医学高等院校成人护理大专生科研训练的内容和方法。方法 选择3个年级3个班74名学生为训练对象，通过安排选题，开题报告，研究中的指导，成文过程中的提炼等方法进行科研训练。结果 74名学生在研究内容方面，专科护理占37.8%，心理护理占32.4%。基础护理占13.5%，护理管理占12.2%，护理教育占4.1%；在研究类型方面，描述性研究占47.3%，相关性研究占35.1%，实验性研究占17.6%；学生科研论文的优良率为77.0%。结论 学生的研究内容是合理的，研究方法是正确的，成绩优良，此项训练方法达到了培养学生科学的思维方法，掌握研究方向，学会科研设计，提高科研水平的目的。     

基因组护理学：现代护理学发展的动力

基因研究已经取得重大进展,基因组学相关的卫生保健研究也正在迅速发展。护理研究正处于共享基因组学研究前景以实现临床结局最优化的重要时机,本文结合对国外基因组护理学研究方向、研究实例、临床实例的分析,探讨如何将基因组学融入护理研究与实践中。     

肿瘤转化医学研究进展

肿瘤转化研究是发达国家医学研究领域资助的重点,以转化中心为依托开展肿瘤转化研究,基础研究的重点包括肿瘤基因组、相关基因的转录与调控、肿瘤微环境、抑癌机制、肿瘤分子标记物等,涉及白血病、黑色素瘤、肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、脑癌、结肠癌等。我国转化医学研究已纳入国家科技规划,重点支持“重大疾病的分子分型与个体化诊疗技术”和“重大疾病的基因组技术”的肿瘤转化研究,相关研究产出不断增多。本研究采用文献计量、归纳演绎以及综合分析方法,对国际肿瘤转化研究的重点资助领域与项目、研究重点与研究产出以及我国肿瘤转化研究的国家科技规划、重点支持领域和研究产出进行了较全面的统计与分析。从回顾性统计分析角度总结分析国内外肿瘤转化研究的进展情况,为促进我国转化医学研究以及提高肿瘤防控水平提供重要的基础和支撑。     

Patient empowerment through engagement in bladder cancer research

BackgroundThe Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network's (BCAN) Patient Survey Network established a diverse bladder cancer patient community who contribute to the prioritization of bladder cancer research topics through surveys and summits. This study describes our experience establishing an online learning program to train this population in research methods specific to bladder cancer and to subsequently engage patients in various stages of bladder cancer research.MethodsWe created online learning modules that addressed scientific concepts related to bladder cancer, creating the patient empowerment through engagement in research (PEER) program. Bladder cancer patients and caregivers who completed the program were invited to participate in the annual BCAN Bladder Cancer Summit to develop research study concepts. We then facilitated the promoting implementation of patient engagement in research conference to identify methods of connecting patient research advocates with research teams and find ways to disseminate patient-centered outcomes research.ResultsAfter completing the online training, 2 cohorts of PEER trainees attended the 2017 (n = 19) and 2018 (n = 18) Bladder Cancer Summits. These research advocates contributed to the prioritization of bladder cancer research topics that appeared on the Patient Survey Network and developed 3 patient-centered research studies. BCAN research advocates participated in promoting implementation of patient engagement the following year (n = 57) and identified these priorities: (1) the need to expand the patient research advocate cohort, (2) the need to streamline links between patient research advocates and research teams, and (3) approaches for patient-centered dissemination of research results.ConclusionsThe PEER program provides an exemplar for disease-specific research training for fostering patient engagement in research. This framework can be extrapolated to facilitate patient engagement in the research of other disease processes and malignancies.     

护理本科生科研能力现状及其影响因素研究

目的了解护理本科生(下称护生)科研能力现状,分析其影响因素,为高等护理教育改革提供依据。方法采用护理人员科研能力评价量表对296名护生进行调查。结果护生科研能力总分为31.77±20.62,其中科研基础知识得分13.47±7.42,统计软件操作技能得分6.30±5.55,论文写作知识得分7.27±6.24,统计学知识得分5.47±4.35;影响护生科研能力的因素主要为年级、接受科研培训的次数、查阅文献的数量、对自身科研能力的认知程度、接受科研知识的频率、对科研感兴趣的程度(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论护生科研能力偏低,特别是统计软件操作技能较差;学校教育应重点从优化课程结构、加强统计学的教育、培养护生科研兴趣、鼓励护生参加科研实践活动等方面入手,以提高护生科研能力。     

军队医院开放式共享科研平台建设实践与展望

目的：探讨开放式共享科研平台建设的意义,交流军队医院开放式共享科研平台建设运行与管理的实践做法,促进新建科研平台的开放与共享。方法：分析科研平台建设的背景,研究开放式共享科研平台建设的原则、特色与管理要求。结果：开放式共享科研平台具有促进临床和科研相结合的作用。从实际出发、具有创新性、统筹兼顾及与促进科研人才队伍建设相结合是开放式共享科研平台的特色,平台的管理中要注意为本院和同行业医学科技人员提供技术服务和设备支持,做好信息化管理、及时掌握课题进展及学科动态,实行年度目标考核制度等。结论：开放式共享科研平台的建设为促进综合性医院学科发展、推进转化医学、促进医院高层次科研人才的培养提供了新途径。     

护理本科生科研能力培养方法的改进

目的对护理本科生科研能力培养方法进行改进,以提高其科研能力。方法用整群抽样法抽取2008级和2009级护理本科生114人作为对照组,采用传统临床实习方法,2010级和2011级护理本科生180人作为观察组,在进行传统临床实习的同时安排其定期参与临床科研指导老师的科研项目,并使用护理本科生科研能力自评量表将护理本科生在参与临床科研实践前后的科研能力进行对比分析。结果护理本科生自评科研能力得分64.05±23.38;两组比较,观察组除问题发现维度外,总分及各维度评分显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论护理本科生的科研能力整体偏低,让其参与临床科研工作有利于提高科研能力。     

临床护士科研诚信意识调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解临床护士科研诚信意识现状,为强化我国护理科研诚信提供参考.方法 以便利抽样方法抽取北京、上海、广州等7城市13所三级甲等医院286名临床护士(工作年限5年以上且发表过科研论文),采用自设科研诚信意识问卷进行调查.结果 临床护士科研诚信意识总分(138.31±15.92)分,日常关注维度得分(11.83±3.84)分,科研规范了解维度得分为(23.63±6.43)分,态度和重要性认识维度得分分别为(65.95±7.00)分和(36.79±5.77)分.不同年龄、工作年限、职称、学历、职务、论文发表期刊级别及有无科研基金、科研获奖、受科研诚信方面教育的临床护士其科研诚信意识得分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).有无科研诚信教育、论文发表期刊级别、职称是科研诚信意识的主要影响因素(均P＜0.01).结论 临床护士整体科研诚信意识水平有待提高,不同特征的临床护士其科研诚信意识存在差异.应结合我国护理科研的现状,采取相应的有效措施,促进临床护士的科研诚信意识和自觉践行负责任的研究行为.     

Surgical resident research in New England

HYPOTHESIS: This study sought to determine the attitudes of general surgery residents in New England toward research and the factors that affect their research participation and productivity. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Eighteen of the 20 general surgery residency programs in New England. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred fifty-nine surgical residents taking the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination in 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rationale for and amount of time spent in research and the number of publications. RESULTS: A majority of residents (61%) participated in research. Rationales for research participation included initiating an academic career (82%) and enhancing fellowship application prospects (83%). Personal debt was substantial, but had little influence on decisions regarding research. Gender was not a factor in the decision to participate in research, although women were more likely to cite a break from residency as a positive influence in their decision for doing research. Residents from larger programs (>25 residents) were more likely to participate in research, spend more time in research, and to publish an article than those from programs with fewer than 25 residents. CONCLUSIONS: Most surgical residents in New England plan to or participate in research and publish their work. Significant differences in the type, duration, and productivity of research exist between larger and smaller programs, and may reflect differing priorities among residents, or differences in the variety of research opportunities available.     

Examining consent for interventional research in potential deceased organ donors: a narrative review

In the last decade, research in transplant medicine has focused on developing interventions in the management of the deceased organ donor to improve the quality and quantity of transplantable organs. Despite the promise of interventional donor research, there remain debates about the ethics of this research, specifically regarding gaining research consent. Here, we examine the concerns and ambiguities around consent for interventional donor research, which incorporate questions about who should consent for interventional donor research and what people are being asked to consent for. We highlight the US and UK policy responses to these concerns and argue that, whereas guidance in this area has done much to clarify these ambiguities, there is little consideration of the nature, practicalities and context around consent in this area, particularly regarding organ donors and their families. We review wider studies of consent in critical care research and social science studies of consent in medical research, to gain a broader view of consent in this area as a relational and contextual process. We contend a lack of consideration has been given to: what it might mean to consent to interventional donor research; how families, patients and health professionals might experience providing and seeking this consent; who is best placed to have these discussions; and the socio-institutional contexts affecting these processes. Further, empirical research is required to establish an ethical and sensitive model for consent in interventional donor research, ensuring the principles enshrined in research ethics are met and public trust in organ donation is maintained.     

Qualitative research in vascular surgery

Qualitative research aims to understand and describe subjective experiences and perceptions. Qualitative and mixed-methods research, in which quantitative and qualitative research methods are combined, is playing an increasingly bigger role in vascular surgery research. The aim of this review was to describe the fundamentals of qualitative research methods and its application in vascular surgery.     

So you wanted to do surgery and they keep talking about research: a discussion for the surgical resident and intern

Surgical residents and interns frequently misunderstand the relation between surgery and research, and the contribution of surgical research to clinical practice. The problem is that the effects of research must be viewed in the long term. Once the resident can do this, the importance of research to surgery is evident and surgical research can be seen for what it is, the growing surface of surgery. Training to do surgical research has many parallels with clinical training. A core-training period in investigation provides the resident with the right mental approaches to investigation so that training in a specific area of research may be done later. Surgical scientists must be excellent clinicians as well as scientists and so long training periods are required. Four years of clinical practice training and 3 of research training are probably ideal. Shorter periods of research training may be valuable for many surgical residents, particularly those who have had little research experience. Training should be tailored to the trainee's desired role in surgery.     

Qualitative Research in Organ Transplantation: Recent Contributions to Clinical Care and Policy

Qualitative studies remain relatively uncommon in the transplant literature but are an important approach contributing unique strengths in some areas of research. With the increased focus on patient‐centered research and decision‐making, it is timely to review qualitative research in the context of transplantation. While quantitative research addresses questions about the effectiveness of interventions or associations between risk factors and outcomes, qualitative research has an equal and complementary role in providing understanding about people's behaviors, attitudes, and values. Qualitative research has provided insights into some of the important but elusive questions in transplantation, including the sources of barriers to organ donation and inequities in access to transplantation, nonadherence to immunosuppressive regimens, and complex psychosocial outcomes. This review highlights recent contributions of qualitative research to transplantation practice and policy, and identifies key principles to guide qualitative research appraisal.     

Twenty-first Century ethics of medical research involving human subjects: achievements and challenges

The field of ethics in medical research has seen important developments in the last three decades, but it also faces great challenges in the new century. The purposes of this report are to examine the current status of ethics of medical research involving human subjects and the nature of the ethical challenges facing this research, to identify the weakness of the current system of safeguards for ethical research, and to stress the importance of the ethical character of the researcher, which is the safeguard that has the greatest potential for protecting the research subjects. Researchers appreciate the risks of human medical research that create ethical dilemmas and the need for an ethical compromise in order to proceed with the research. The main elements of the compromise, formulated primarily from experiences in the Second World War, include: (1) the dominant position of the ethical principle of autonomy; (2) the demand for a signed informed consent; (3) the likelihood of improving health with the research protocol, which must be approved by a duly appointed supervising committee; and (4) an acceptable risk/benefit ratio. The main weakness of this set of safeguards is the difficulty with obtaining a truly informed consent. The new challenges to ethical medical research stem from certain types of research, such as genetic and stem cell research, and from the increasing involvement of the industry in planning and funding the research studies. Developing medical researchers with an ethical character and knowledge about ethics in medicine may be the most effective safeguard in protecting participants of medical research experiments.