Sarcoidosis diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration cytology of salivary glands: a report of three cases

Three female patients, two presenting with bilateral parotid gland enlargement and one with bilateral submandibular gland enlargement, were subjected to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Smears showed noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas with or without giant cells and salivary gland acini with varying degrees of degenerative changes. After excluding other granulomatous lesions, sarcoidosis was suggested and was subsequently proved in all three cases. FNAC, therefore, may be considered a useful diagnostic modality in cases of sarcoidosis presenting primarily with head and neck involvement.     

Effect of tetrapeptides Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly on the structure and function of the thyroid gland in neonatally hypophysectomized chickens

Tetrapeptides Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly were synthesized on the basis of amino acid composition of pituitary cytomedins. Administration of these tetrapeptides to hypophysectomized chickens for 40 days was followed by an increase in the concentrations of thyrotropic hormone and thyroid hormones and recovery of thyroid gland structure. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 1, pp. 111–114, January, 2008     

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the major salivary glands: report of three cases in an unusual location

AIMS: Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is the second most common type of malignant neoplasm in minor salivary glands. Its origin in major salivary glands is considered exceedingly rare. Herein, we present three cases of de novo PLGA arising in major salivary glands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three cases of PLGA were identified in a large series of primary tumours of major salivary glands. We investigated their clinicopathological profiles, including immunohistochemical features. The three patients (two men and one woman) were 51, 65, and 79 years old. The tumours were 20-30 mm large; two were in the parotid gland and one in the submandibular gland. Histologically, all the tumours had a polymorphous architectural pattern showing predominantly solid, tubular, and cribriform features and invasive growth. Papillary areas were observed focally in two tumours and an 'Indian-file' array in one. The tumour cells had a bland cytological appearance and low mitotic count. Two tumours showed perineural invasion. No preexisting pleomorphic adenoma component was identified. In all cases, tumour cells were positive for epithelial markers, S100 protein, and vimentin but negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Proliferative activities assessed with the Ki67 labelling index were 4.3%, 7.1%, and 7.6%; no p53 overexpression was observed. Two patients had local recurrence, but none had metastasis or died of tumour. CONCLUSIONS: PLGAs arising in major salivary glands and those in minor salivary glands have similar clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. It is important to recognize that PLGA can occur ab initio in the major salivary glands, although it is extremely rare.     

Effect of triiodothyronine on (Na++K+)-adenosine triphosphatase and (Na++Mg2+)-dependent phosphorylated intermediate in rat salivary glands

The present studies concern the effect of triiodothyronine (T₃) on rat salivary (Na⁺+K⁺)-adenosine triphosphatase (NaK-ATPase). The results indicate that T₃ selectively increased submandibular and parotid NaK-ATPase units with a single, large dose of T₃, different dosage of T₃, three successive doses of T₃ given on alternate days, and physiological doses of T₃ with daily injection for 2 weeks. Sublingual NaK-ATPase was insensitive to T₃ in the above experiments. The effect of T₃ on submandibular and parotid NaK-ATPase is selective since Mg-ATPase and 5-nucleotidase showed no significant differences under different thyroid status. The lack of response of NaK-ATPase to reverse T₃, further substantiates the specificity of T₃ on salivary NaK-ATPase.This study was supported by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Grant No. 818 CO 7623 and NIH-AM28590     

Configuration of myoepithelial cells in various exocrine glands of guinea pigs

To study the configuration of myoepithelial cells, we isolated glandular endpieces of various guinea pig glands by collagenase, and visualized the myoepithelial cells by immunohistochemistry for actin, or by Bodipy-phallacidin, under both a light microscope and laser scanning confocal microscopes. In parotid and mandibular glands, the glandular acini were small (about 20–30 m diameter) and spherical, and each acinus had one or two myoepithelial cells attached that were stellate in shape (central cell body and four to six thin processes). Most of the basal surface of the glandular cells was not covered by myoepithelial cells, and processes often extended to the neighboring acinus. The tubular glandular endpieces of the major sublingual gland, which secretes a mucous substance, were almost fully encircled by bandlike myoepithelial cells (about 3–6 m wide). Although there were many differences between the lacrimal gland and the Harderian gland (e.g., the secretory product of the lacrimal gland was mucous, and glandular lumina were narrow; the Harderian gland secreted lipids and showed wide lumina), the outer contours of both glandular endpieces were the same (about 50–100 m diameter, ellipsoid or spherical in shape). In both glands, 5–20 stellate myoepithelial cells were attached onto a glandular endpiece, and their arrangement had a lacy appearance. Actin filaments in myoepithelial cells aggregated and formed bundles in the broad processes and cell bodies. The bundles ran across the cell body, but there was no point where the bundles converged. In the arborization, some distal processes reversed their direction. We conclude that the configuration of myoepithelial cells depends on the outer contour of the glandular endpieces rather than on the secretory material or luminal width. The variety of myoepithelial cell configurations in the different exocrine glands we examined suggests that it is quite difficult to assign to myoepithelial cells the general role of expelling secretory products from glandular lumina. These cells seem to maintain the contour of the glandular endpieces, serving as the exoskeleton of the endpieces.     

Postmortem investigation of mylohyoid hiatus and hernia: Aetiological factors of plunging ranula

The mylohyoid hiatus and hernia were discovered in the nineteenth century and were considered to explain the origin of the plunging ranula from the sublingual gland. This formed the rationale for sublingual sialadenectomy for the treatment of plunging ranula. However, a more recent, extensive histological investigation reported that hernias contained submandibular gland, which supported an origin of the plunging ranula from the submandibular gland and submandibular sialadenectomy for the treatment of plunging ranula. We therefore decided to investigate the occurrence and location of the hiatus and the histological nature of the hernia. Twenty‐three adult cadavers were dissected in the submandibular region. The locations and dimensions of mylohyoid hiatuses were measured before taking biopsies of hernias. Hiatuses with associated hernias were found in ten cadavers: unilateral in six; and bilateral in four, in one of which there were three hiatuses. Sublingual gland was identified in nine hernias and fat without gland in six. This investigation supports clinical and experimental evidence that the plunging ranula originates from the sublingual gland and may enter the neck through the mylohyoid muscle. It confirms the rationale of sublingual sialadenectomy for the treatment of plunging ranula. Clin. Anat. 26:693–699, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma: a case report and review of literature

Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma (PAL) is an extremely rare mesenchymal tumors and originates from the smooth muscle wall of the central adrenal vein and its branches. Herein we report a case of a 49-year-old female suffering from PAL. Computed tomography revealed a well-circumscribed heterogeneously mass measuring 6×5×5 cm located in the left suprarenal areal, and a left laparoscopic adrenalectomy was underwent. Microscopic examination showed a hypercellular tumor with intersecting fascicled of spindled cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the cells were positive for desmin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin and negative for CD34, CD117, S100, Bcl-2 and Dog1. No oncological treatment underwent after surgery, and the patient had no recurrence or metastasis at 6 months postoperatively.     

Oncocytic lipoadenoma of the parotid gland with sebaceous differentiation. Study of its keratin profile

Oncocytic lipoadenomas of salivary gland are extremely rare tumors with only two previously reported cases. In this paper, we describe an additional example of oncocytic lipoadenoma showing sebaceous differentiation, a hitherto unreported occurrence. The tumor was encapsulated and measured 3 × 2.5 × 2 cm. Microscopically, the tumor comprised a mixture of oncocytes with “light” and “dark” cells intimately associated with mature adipose tissue. The oncocytes were positive for low molecular keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and keratin 7, with only a small subgroup of cells expressing high-molecular-weight keratin, keratin 5/6, keratin 19, and p63. Terminally differentiated sebaceous cells were positive for EMA and keratin 14 only. Calponin and actins were negative, indicating a lack of myoepithelial cells in the tumor. The keratin profile and p63 expression of this oncocytic lipoadenoma suggest the presence of a dual cell population somewhat similar to the dual cell population described in some ultrastructural studies of pure salivary gland oncocytomas and may represent partial basal-cell differentiation. The presence and nature of a dual cell population in oncocytic neoplasms of salivary glands merit further investigation to confirm these observations.     

Comparative morphology of the cloacal scent gland in snakes (Serpentes: Reptilia)

The histology of the cloacal scent gland, or anal gland, was examined from a diverse group of 50 snakes. Extensive interspecific morphological variation was observed in the general structure of the gland and the glandular epithelium. Morphological variants were quantitatively scored from eight features: lobate nature of the gland; septa in the glandular epithelium; glandular epithelium having a rough or irregular outer surface; glandular epithelium having a rough or irregular inner surface; thickness of the glandular epithelium; PAS reactivity in the glandular epithelium; Periodic Acid‐Schiff reactivity in the secretory product; and relative size of the cloacal scent gland. The distribution of the encoded morphological variation was compared to an established phylogeny for snakes and used as the basis for a cluster analysis. In both cases there was no apparent relationship between phylogeny and the morphological variation of the cloacal scent gland. Anat Rec 256:127–138, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Ectopic intrathyroidal thymus accompanied by intrathyroidal parathyroid as a cause of a solitary thyroid nodule in adult

Ectopic intrathyroidal thymic tissue can form a mass lesion within the thyroid gland and has rarely been reported in children. We report a case of intrathyroidal thymus accompanied by an intrathyroidal parathyroid gland in a 29-year-old woman who visited our hospital due to right neck mass diagnosed as metastatic papillary carcinoma by aspiration cytology in an outside hospital. She had a history of right thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma three years ago. Ultrasonographic examination of the left thyroid gland showed a well-defined hyperechoic nodule, which did not show change in size compared with the previous study. She underwent complete thyroidectomy with right neck dissection. Grossly, the left thyroid had a well demarcated pale yellow nodule measuring 0.9 cm in diameter. On microscopic examination, the nodule was composed of mature fat tissue, ectopic thymic tissue with Hassall’s corpuscles, and an intrathyroidal parathyroid gland. This is an exceedingly rare case of ectopic intrathyroidal thymus with intrathyroidal parathyroid gland, in an adult.     

自发性高血压大鼠甲状旁腺的超微结构

应用电镜技术对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠甲状旁腺的超微结构进行了观察，与１月龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠相比，同龄的自发性高血压大鼠甲状旁腺主细胞内分泌颗粒减少。与５月龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠相比，自发性高血压大鼠甲状旁腺主细胞内空泡样小体增加，并且观察到一种胞质内富含空泡样小体的新型细胞，该细胞的出现，可能与高血压的发生有关。     

Isolated Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the sublingual gland in an adult

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the proliferation of pathologic Langerhans cells. Its clinical presentation is highly variable, that range from single-system, limited disease to severe, multi-organ disease with high mortality. LCH usually affects children and young adults. The most frequent sites for LCH are the bone, skin, lung, pituitary gland, and lymph nodes. Salivary gland involvement by LCH is extremely rare, and only a few cases of LHC involving the parotid glands have been reported in the English literature. To our knowledge, the involvement of the sublingual gland as a part of single or multisystem LCH has not been previously described. Herein we reported the first case of primary LCH of the sublingual gland. A 40-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of a painless mass on the right sublingual area. Excision of the lesion including the right sublingual gland was performed. Histopathological diagnosis of LCH was rendered. The patient remains free of symptoms 17 months after surgery.     

Accessory suprarenal gland: report of a case

The suprarenal glands are normally located at the superomedial aspect of the kidneys. Accessory cortical masses are seen in approximately half of the newborn but usually disappear later. Several cases with accessory cortical tissues located near the main suprarenal glands have been reported but their usual locations have been rarely described. Here we report a case with accessory cortical tissue located on the right in the retrocrural space with compression symptoms. Such a lesion may be confused with lymphadenopathy radiologically.     

大鼠下颌下腺和舌下腺5-羟色氨1A受体亚型基因表达的原位杂交组织化学研究

目的:观察5-HTlAR mRNA能否在大鼠下颌下腺及舌下腺表达,从基因水平进一步证明大鼠下颌下腺及舌下腺能否合成5-HTlAR.方法:采用原位杂交组织化学方法.结果:5-HTlAR mRNA阳性杂交信号分布于大鼠下颌下腺的浆液性腺泡上皮细胞和各级导管的上皮细胞,而在舌下腺的分布较为局限,阳性信号仅分布在小叶间和小叶内导管的上皮细胞.结论:大鼠下颌下腺、舌下腺均可合成5-HTlAR.     

肾上腺少见病变的CT表现 (附12例报告)

目的探讨肾上腺少见病变的CT表现特点。方法2003年1月至2006年7月肾上腺少见占位性病变12例,其中男性7例,女性5例,年龄14～76岁,中位年龄42岁。回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的肾上腺少见病变的CT资料。结果12例中,右肾上腺皮质癌2例,右肾上腺神经鞘瘤1例,左肾上腺节细胞神经瘤1例,多发内分泌肿瘤MEN-Ⅰ型1例,左肾上腺区巨淋巴结增生症1例,肾上腺髓样脂肪瘤4例5个病灶,肾上腺囊肿2例。囊肿及髓样脂肪瘤易于诊断;肾上腺皮质癌CT表现提示其为恶性;其他少见病变定性诊断困难。结论肾上腺少见病变均有一些CT表现特点;CT平扫加动态增强扫描对诊断有重要价值。