社区朝汉族更年期居民焦虑、抑郁状况及影响因素

目的：了解社区朝汉族更年期居民焦虑、抑郁状况及其影响因素。方法：采用自编一般情况调查表、焦虑自评量表、流调中心用抑郁量表按整群抽样法对延吉市北山街道8个居委会更年期居民1262人进行调查。其中，朝鲜族639人，汉族623人。结果：流调中心用抑郁量表评分≥20分有127人（10．12％），其中朝鲜族69人（54．3％）、汉族58人（45．7％）；朝鲜族男性（42人，占12．5％）多于女性（27人，占8．9％）（∥=18．24，P〈0．01）。焦虑自评量表总标准分／〉50分者有391人（32．24％），其中朝鲜族（240人，61．4％）多于汉族（151人，占38．6％）（x^2=14．03，P〈0．001）。结论：抑郁和焦虑症状朝鲜族更年期居民比汉族多，应加强这类人群的社区精神卫生服务。     

南京市中学生超重、肥胖与抑郁症状调查

目的：了解南京地区中学生超重肥胖现状及与抑郁症状的关系。方法：采用儿童抑郁量表（Children＇s Depression Inventory，CDI）对南京地区13个区县的56个学校的168个班级7161名在校的初一至高三的中学生进行抑郁症状评定。同时参考中国儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准分体重正常、超重和肥胖三组。结果：男生超重和肥胖检出率均显著高于女生（超重：9．6％vs．5．4％，）（2=49．835，P〈0．01；肥胖：3．9％vs．2．3％，P〈0．01）。中学生抑郁症状检出率为14．8％，男生的检出率显著高于女生（16．4％vs．13．0％，P〈0．01）。经多因素调整后，与体重正常者比较，超重、肥胖的青少年罹患抑郁症状的风险分别增加37．1％和48．8％。结论：超重肥胖可能是罹患抑郁症状的一个危险因素；体重指数值越高，罹患抑郁症状的风险越大。     

男男性接触者焦虑、抑郁与艾滋病高危性行为的关系

目的：探讨男男性接触者（Men who have sex with men，MSM）心理症状与艾滋病高危性行为的关系。方法：采用无记名方式，运用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS），对在酒吧中活动的MSM进行焦虑、抑郁症状评定，并对其性取向、性行为和性伴特征进行问卷调查。结果：焦虑、抑郁心理症状检出率分别为45．5％和57．5％。已婚、非同性恋和有过性病史的人比未婚、同性恋和没有性病史的MSM符合焦虑的比例高（分别为62．5％／41．5％，54．1％／62．5％，72．2％／42．3％，X^2=4．61，3．91，5．81，P〈0．05）；受教育程度为高中及以下、非同性恋和有过性病史的MSM抑郁症状检出率较受教育程度为大专以上者、同性恋和没有性病史者高（分别为76．9％／48．7％，70．3％／47.3％，83.3％／54．4％，X^2=11．67，8．89，5．52，P〈0．01）。焦虑、抑郁症状与多性伴和艾滋病高危性行为相关联（r=0．19～0．28，P〈0．01）。经Logistic回归分析表明，进入焦虑症状方程的变量为一生中异性性伴数、近2个月同性商业性伴和近6个月无保护阴道性交，进入抑郁症状方程的变量为为受教育程度、性取向和近2个月同性商业性伴。结论：在MSM人群中进行行为干预时，应当注意他们的心理健康方面的问题。     

北京市三所高校大学生SARS流行期的心理状态现况调查

目的 :了解SARS流行时期大学生在封闭式管理下的心理状况。方法 :采用症状自评量表、ZUNG氏焦虑自评量表、ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表和一般状况调查表 ,以分层整群抽样的方法 ,对北京市三所重点大学 62 80名在校本科大学生和研究生进行了心理状况自评问卷调查。结果 :症状自评量表的因子阳性检出率为 7 3 % ,各因子得分均明显低于既往北京市大学生调查结果 ;除恐怖因子和精神病性因子外 ,各因子得分均低于或接近国内常模 (t=2 17-5 3 65 ,P <0 0 5 )。焦虑症状阳性检出率为 9 5 % ,抑郁症状阳性检出率为 2 9 6%。结论 :北京市SARS流行期间大学生存在焦虑、抑郁症状 ;采取了有效的传染病防治和健康教育等措施后大学生群体的心理健康状况良好。     

男性外来务工人员抑郁焦虑状况的调查分析

目的：了解男性外来务工人员的抑郁、焦虑状况并初步分析其影响因素。方法：采用Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）,调查天津的男性外来务工人员60名,并与当地60名正式工人进行对照,自拟问卷获取人口学资料并对其他情况进行初步调查。结果：外来务工人员抑郁标准分（36．77±6．80）分,当地工厂正式工人（38．60±12．06）分;其差异不具统计学意义（t ＝－1．026,P＝0．308）;外来务工人员焦虑标准分（42．20±14．91）分,当地工人为（37．35±10．93）分,其差异具统计学意义（ t＝2．032, P＝0．045）。以SDS划界分53分和SAS划界分50分筛选阳性,外来务工人员抑郁阳性检出率（6．7％）低于当地工人抑郁检出率（13．3％）,但其差异不具统计学意义（χ2＝1．481,P＝0．181）;外来务工人员焦虑阳性检出率（38．3％）远大于当地工人（5．0％）,且其差异具极显著统计学意义（χ2＝19．640,P＝0．000）。外来务工人员抑郁与年龄的相关（r＝0．250,P＝0．027）具统计学意义,焦虑与年龄及抑郁、焦虑与受教育年限的相关均不具统计学意义。58％的外来务工人员认为目前遇到的主要困难为难找工作或难找好工作;75％的男性外来务工者最大的愿望为增加收入。结论：男性外来务工人员焦虑状况高于当地工人而抑郁状况与当地工人相似,但随着年龄的增长抑郁情绪有增加的趋势,当地工人未见此倾向,引发焦虑的相关因素主要以找工作等为主的应激事件。     

新兵焦虑、抑郁情绪测查及影响因素分析

目的：探讨新兵焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生情况及其影响因素，为新兵训练过程中的心理学干预提供依据。方法：应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及自编24项背景因素调查表，对1700名男性新兵进行心理测试。结果：①1642名新兵中轻度焦虑133人（8．1％），中重度焦虑30人（1．8％）；轻度抑郁233人（14.2％），中重度抑郁83人（5．2％）。②SAS，SDS评分显示：非独生子女焦虑和抑郁的阳性率和严重程度明显高于独生子女（P〈0．05）。③SAS，SDS评分还与人际关系适应程度、是否独生子女、休息情况、与家人通讯是否良好、是否单亲家庭及受表扬情况等6项因素显著相关。结论：新兵中存在焦虑和抑郁症状者约占9．9％及19．4％，非独生子女焦虑和抑郁的严重程度高于独生子女。     

社会支持和应对方式在研究生压力与抑郁间的调节作用

目的：探讨社会支持和应对方式在压力和抑郁间的调节作用。方法：对751名研究生施测青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）及流调中心用抑郁量表（CES-D）。结果：（1）研究生抑郁情绪的检出率为21．2％。（2）学习负担重、就业（升学）压力、长期远离家人不能团聚、恋爱不顺利或失恋、考试失败、与同学或好友发生纠纷、被人误会或错怪等是研究生承受的主要压力。（3）相关分析发现：压力与抑郁呈正相关（r=0．47，P〈0．01）；社会支持和积极应对方式均与抑郁呈负相关（r=-0．35，-0．52，P〈0．01）。（4）交互作用分析显示，压力与社会支持在抑郁变量上的交互作用显著（F=4．18，P〈0．05）；压力与应对方式在抑郁上的交互作用显著（F=-10．43，P〈0．01）。结论：研究生抑郁情绪与压力、社会支持以及应对方式密切相关；社会支持和应对方式在压力与抑郁之间起着重要的调节作用。     

应激反应对乙肝病毒携带者心理健康的影响

目的 通过调查解读应激反应对慢性乙肝病毒携带者（AsC）的心理健康状况影响程度。方法 采用SCL-90症状自评量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表及一般情况问卷调查,对124例AsC进行心理健康水平测试并与对照组进行比较。结果 AsC组SCL-909组症状群中7组得分均明显高于对照组,其中以恐惧、焦虑、抑郁、躯体化4因子改变明显。与对照组比较差异极为显著（P〈0．01）。SAS、SDS所得标准分亦明显高于对照组,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论 由于对HBy感染认知偏差引起的心理-生理应激反应,致90％以上的AsC出现不同程度的应激性躯体和精神症状。如持续性的应激反应不能及时消除,不但会严重影响AsC心理健康,也会严重影响AsC结局。     

下岗人员情绪状况调查

本文采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS），对983名下岗人员进行测评。结果显示,不同程度存在抑郁和焦虑症状，分别有16．4％和23．0％的人员达到或超过临界值，机关、后勤人员评分高于生产销售人员，男性抑郁程度高于女性，双职工抑郁焦虑状况更为显著，有28人接受门诊或住院治疗。     

长沙市综合医院门诊就诊者焦虑与抑郁障碍的调查

目的：通过对综合医院神经内科、消化内科、心血管内科和妇产科普通门诊患者进行焦虑抑郁障碍的调查，了解综合医院门诊焦虑抑郁障碍的患病率。方法：采用医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、患者健康问卷（PHQ-15）、国际神经精神科简式访谈问卷（MINI）、快速抑郁症状学量表-抑郁症自评量表（QIDS—SR16）和Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）．于2007年4月至5月对长沙市三所综合医院的1628例就诊者进行调查。结果：HADS量表评分≥8分的共有829例，进入精神科访谈的有366例。以MINI为诊断标准，抑郁障碍的检出率为7．13％，焦虑障碍的检出率为4．42％。结论：长沙市综合医院普通门诊就诊者抑郁焦虑障碍患病率高，但其识别及接受治疗的比率很低。     

高等农业院校硕士、博士研究生人格因素调查分析

目的调查高等农业院校硕士、博士研究生的人格因素状况及特点。方法对千余名研究生进行卡特尔16种人格因素测验,通过与全国常模比较、不同性别及培养层次的比对来评定和分析其特点及规律。结果 1与全国常模相比,男生在聪慧性等5个因素上得分较高,具有统计学意义(t=24.51、5.94、4.19、10.66和3.09,P0.01)。同时有8个因素得分明显低于常模(Q4:t=-1.99,P0.05,其余7项:P0.01)。女生有5个方面得分高于常模、6个因子低于常模;2硕士、博士研究生在16种基本人格因素中有7项存在显著差异;3男女生之间在10个基本因素及2个次级因素上存在显著差异。结论高等农业院校博士研究生的人格素养明显优于硕士研究生;女研究生敏感、更易焦虑忧郁等人格特点提示我们女研究生的心理状况尤为值得关注和重视。     

Meta-analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES-D, Hamilton, and Zung

Four separate metaanalyses of factor analyses were conducted for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The total number of participants (N) and studies (k) included in each of the metaanalyses were the following: BDI (N = 13,643, k = 33), CES-D (N = 22,340, k = 28), HRSD (N = 2,606, k = 17), and SDS (N = 12,621, k = 13). Metaanalysis results suggest that the specific depression symptom factors within each test appear to be relatively robust and well established and match fairly closely previously hypothesized factor structures. A general Depression Severity factor and a small Somatic Symptoms factor are found in all four tests and two tests had a small Positive Affect factor. There were fewer common specific depression symptom factors across tests than expected.     

Genetic and environmental risk factors for depression assessed by subject-rated symptom check list versus structured clinical interview.

BACKGROUND: It is not known if a subject's characteristic level of self-rated depression symptoms index their genetic or environmental liability to major depressive disorder when measurement error and other occasion-specific influences are taken into account. METHOD: Monozygotic (N = 408) and dizygotic (N = 295) adult female twin pairs from a population-based registry were surveyed twice with an average follow-up interval of 61 months. At each occasion subjects completed a structured clinical interview (SCID) to assess lifetime history of major depression and the subject-rated Symptom Check List (SCL) to assess current level of depressive symptomatology. A bivariate measurement model was used to estimate the genetic and environmental correlations between liability to reliably diagnosed lifetime history of major depression and the characteristic or temporally stable SCL depression score. RESULTS: The genetic and non-familial environmental correlation between liability to reliably diagnosed major depression and the characteristic level of SCL depression symptoms (and the proportion of variance shared between measures) is +0.70 and +0.24 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When allowance is made for diagnostic unreliability and temporal fluctuations in the level of subject-rated symptoms, 70% of the variance in genetic risk factors and 24% of the variance in environmental risk factors is shared by a diagnosis of lifetime major depression and total SCL depression symptom score. SCL depression scores may therefore be a useful screening measure for many of the genetic risk factors which influence liability to major depression.     

Productivity of SCI Korean medical papers: 1996-1997.

In order to investigate the extent and growth of SCI publication activity of Korean medicine, DIALOG's SCISearch database was searched and the number of SCI Korean medical papers in each medical specialty was measured by publication year and by document type for 1996 and 1997. The percentage contribution of Korean medical papers to SCI database and the SCI publication productivity ratio were analyzed for each of 57 medical specialties. The data obtained in this study was compared with the data representing the 1980s and the data for the first half of the 1990s. The absolute productivity of SCI Korean medical papers as measured by the number of SCI Korean papers has increased about ten times from 306 papers in 1990 to 3,261 papers in 1997. More than 15% of SCI Korean publication output has resulted from six Korean medical journals indexed in SCI from 1995. The relative productivity of SCI Korean medical papers as measured by the percentage contribution from Korea to SCI and by its corresponding productivity ratio is not as impressive as the absolute productivity and its growth rate. It has increased three times from 0.245% to 0.642% during the same period. The relative productivity of SCI Korean medical publication output is not as great as the SCI Korean publication output of all sciences combined (1.02%).     

军校研究生自我效能感和主观幸福感的关系研究

目的探讨军校研究生自我效能感与主观幸福感之间的关系。方法采用幸福感指数量表和自我效能感问卷对281名军校研究生进行调查。结果①军校研究生的自我效能感与正性情感、负性情感和总体幸福感存在显著的相关关系，与生活满意度相关不显著；②高自我效能感和低自我效能感组在正性情感、负性情感和总体幸福感上均存在着显著的差异；③自我效能感分别进入正性情感、负性情感和总体幸福感的回归方程，对其均有较好的预测作用，其中对正，巨情感的预测更佳。结论军校研究生的自我效能感与正性情感、负性情感和总体幸福感存在显著的相关关系，对其有较好的预测作用，其中自我效能感与正性情感成分联系更为密切，预测作用更佳。     

硕士研究生的心理压力与心理健康

目的:探讨西藏自治区高校硕士研究生心理压力的一般状况及其与心理健康的关系。方法:采用硕士研究生心理压力源问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对西藏高校研一至研三年级学生进行采样调查,共获有效问卷184份。结果:研究生面临的人际关系压力最小,就业压力、学业压力与经济压力是他们面临的主要压力;男研究生整体心理压力比女研究生大,家庭压力与婚恋压力维度上男女研究生之间存在显著差异(t=2.10,P0.05;t=3.90,P0.001);藏族研究生与汉族研究生在学业压力方面差异显著(t=3.30,P0.01);年级在学业压力方面差异显著(F=4.08,P0.05),研一、研二的学业压力均高于研三学生;心理压力的各维度及总分与心理健康的各维度及总分存在显著正相关;心理压力能显著预测心理健康水平。结论:心理健康受心理压力影响,减轻硕士研究生的心理压力有助于促进他们的心理健康。     

Factor analysis of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in a large ambulatory oncology sample

Screening cancer patients for depression with self-report inventories presents clinical and methodological challenges. Many investigators separate "somatic" from "cognitive" symptoms when adapting such measures to oncology settings. However, this practice has rarely been empirically validated through factor-analytic studies. The following study describes a factor analysis of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) from a large ambulatory sample of cancer patients (N = 1,109). A four-factor solution emerged, consisting of a cognitive symptom factor, a manifest depressed mood factor, and two somatic factors (eating and non-eating related). These factors accounted for 20% (cognitive), 13% (mood), 8% (non-eating), and 7% (eating) of the variance on the Zung, respectively. The authors discuss the implications of these results as they pertain to screening cancer patients for depression.     

The continuity of depression symptoms: use of cluster analysis for profile identification in patient and student samples.

BACKGROUND: Findings from several sources suggest that depression lies on a continuum whereby mild and severe variants are thought to differ in severity (i.e., quantitatively), but not in kind (i.e., qualitatively). The current study used cluster analysis to extend this work to examination of depression symptom profiles obtained in distressed student 'analogue' samples and clinically depressed samples. METHOD: Patients with major depressive disorder (n = 101) provided seed points for the depressed cluster, and 176 non-distressed university students (Beck Depression Inventory score < or = 8) provided seed points for the non-depressed cluster. The symptom profiles of three levels of analogue depressed samples were then evaluated (BDI > or = 9, BDI > or = 16, and BDI > or = 21). RESULTS: Only 35.4% of BDI > or = 9 analogue respondents were empirically sorted to the depression cluster and the majority were assigned to the non-depressed cluster. The proportion assigned to the depression cluster increased to 70.5% and to 86.2% when higher BDI cutoffs of 16 and 21 were examined, respectively. The DSM-IV depression symptom profile of the BDI > or = 21 group was very similar to the profile defined by clinical patients. LIMITATIONS: The study relied solely on self-report to assess symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that higher BDI cutoffs be utilized in analogue depression research than is currently common. On quantitative grounds, analogue subjects who were sorted to the clinically defined depression cluster seem to best represent the idea of depression continuity.     

抑郁青少年快感缺失与情绪表达的相关研究

目的 了解广州市在校抑郁青少年的快感缺失及情绪表达情况,并探讨它们之间的相关关系.方法 以贝克抑郁自评问卷(BDI)、时间性快感体验量表(TEPS)(分为期待性快感体验和消费性快感体验2个子量表)和情绪表达性量表(EES)为工具对220名在校中小学生进行调查.结果 本次调查中70例(32.4%)为正常青少年,83...