肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽在不同高血压病中的水平变化

目的：观察原发性高血压（EH）与肾实质性高血压（RH）患者肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽（PAMP）的水平变化,探讨PAMP的降压机制。方法：用放免法测定EH与RH患者的血浆RAMP、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素（E）水平并计算它们之间的相关关系。结果：EH与RH患者PAMP、NE、E均较正常人明显增高,PAMP、平均动脉压（MAP）与NE有明显相关性。结论：EH及RH患者PAMP增高可能是机体维持自稳态的一种保护性代偿机制,EH与RH代尝程度有所不同。PAMP降压作用与拮抗NE、E有关。     

细胞凋亡及相关基因

细胞凋亡 (Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ)作为一种细胞的死亡方式在近几年越来越得到医学研究者的重视和兴趣。所谓细胞凋亡是指细胞在基因的调控下 ,主要通过激活内源性ＤＮＡ内切酶的活性而发生的细胞自然死亡过程〔1〕,是生物体以一种与细胞有丝分裂相反的方式调节细胞群体相对衡定的主要方式。1　细胞凋亡的形态和生化特征　　凋亡与坏死 (ｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓ)不同 ,凋亡是一种生理性死亡过程。其特征为细胞首先变圆 ,随即与邻近细胞脱离 ,胞浆收缩 ,内质网扩张呈泡状并与胞膜融合 ;核染色质密度增高聚集在核膜周边 ,呈半月形 ,核仁裂解 ;进而胞膜…     

The evolution of PET-CT

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was the first fused or combined medical imaging technique. Although PET-CT has received widespread acclaim as a major imaging advancement, many questions have surfaced regarding its use. This article answers some of these questions and examines what PET-CT means to medicine and the medical imaging community.     

The evolution of Australian football

Australian football has undergone considerable change over the past century. This evolution seems to have accelerated more recently since the introduction and major influence of the media, increased professionalism and the start of a national competition. In this study we have attempted to quantify the evolution in game 'style' by measuring events during elite football games (from video analysis) and gathering physical information on players involved at the highest level. These data are important to gain insight into the game demands so that player preparation may be enhanced and when predicting the nature of the game in the future. Understanding the patterns of play within the game may also be useful when assessing the possible impact of rule changes, for example, increasing the number of interchange players on the potential for injury. Four games were selected, one from each of the past 4 decades to determine the rate at which specific, measurable events occurred in the games. Height and mass data on players were also obtained from official records of registered players in the VFL/AFL competitions. The results indicate the 'speed' of the game has approximately doubled in the period 1961-1997. The proportion of the total game which involves 'play' time has been reduced significantly while breaks in play are more frequent and longer. Despite this pattern, however, the average game tempo has increased along with player height and mass and we present a case which suggests these are likely determinants of the increased incidence of player injuries and lost match time.     

The evolution of mammography.

The history of mammography can be arbitrarily subdivided into three periods: The Age of Pioneers highlights the work of Salomon, Kleinschmidt, Warren, Vogel, Seabold, Gershon-Cohen, Leborgne, Egan, Gallager, Martin, Dodd, Strax and their colleagues; The Age of Technical Progress adds the names of Gould, Wolfe, and Gros and their co-workers; The Modern Era reflects the contributions of Price, Butler, Ostrum, Becker, Isard, Moskowitz, Sickles, Kopans, Homer, Tabár, and their associates. The ultimate success of mammography, the preeminent method of breast cancer screening, could not have been achieved without the intense vision, idealism, and scientific skill of its creators and nurturers. These investigators deserve a debt of gratitude that society can never adequately repay.     

改良向右两弯型导管在肝动脉插管中的应用

本文详细介绍了二种改良向右两弯型导管（ＲＨ１、ＲＨ２）的形状及在肝动脉插管中的应用。其中ＲＨ１型导管由于兼有盘曲型及向右两弯型导管的优点，其肝动脉插管的成功率明显提高至９６％，且可用于其他腹腔内脏动脉的超选择插管，是一种多功能导管，可作为常用导管；而ＲＨ２型导管，由于增加了短臂的长度使得成襻较困难，可是对肝动脉插管的成功率仍很高（９７％）以及本文介绍的新成襻方法，该导管可作为备用导管。     

The evolution of an operative registry--a commentary

The Operative Registry, also known as DA Form 4108, constitutes the basic, geographically focused, sequential log of operative activities for any given Army Medical Treatment Facility. The information provided for the Registry, with specific refinements, constitutes an essential data base for quality assurance and utilization review. The experience at Madigan Army Medical Center in developing the structure and function of this computerized data base is summarized.