老年大肠广基息肉内镜黏膜切除术的临床研究

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）对老年广基息肉病变的治疗价值及安全性。方法采用结肠镜下大肠黏膜切除术治疗117例共157枚大肠广基息肉。病灶黏膜下注射肾上腺素生理盐水后,一次圈套整块切除或分次圈套切除病变,回收标本送病理检查,术后结肠镜随访。结果全部息肉通过EMR一次切除,切除息肉大小在1～5cm范围;腺瘤性息肉141枚,增生性息肉13枚;局灶癌变3例（病理证实）。4例出现腹痛,3例少量便血,发烧4例,不需要特殊处理。复查患者未有息肉残留者。腺瘤息肉异型增生程度与息肉大小密切相关（P〈0.05）。结论老年大肠广基息肉通过EMR切除完全,安全;腺瘤息肉的大小与异型增生密切相关,提示腺瘤息肉需要早期干预治疗。     

内镜黏膜切除术治疗大肠广基大息肉

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)对肠道广基大息肉样病变的治疗价值。方法采用结肠镜下大肠黏膜切除术治疗135例共157个结直肠广基大息肉。病灶黏膜下注射肾上腺素生理盐水后,一次圈套整块切除或分次圈套切除病变,回收全部标本送病理检查,术后结肠镜随访。结果全部息肉EMR一次切除,除3个位于直肠黏膜下的病灶小于1 cm外,其余均大于1.5 cm,最大的13 cm×12 cm,无手术并发症。术后病理:腺瘤123个,其中有异型增生80个;黏膜内癌11个;增生性息肉20个;直肠类癌3个。随访中,有2例大于7 cm的直肠腺瘤分别于术后1个月及3个月复查时复发,均给予热活检钳完整钳除,病理分别为增生性息肉和绒毛状腺瘤,再复查6-12个月无复发。结论EMR是治疗大肠癌前病变及黏膜内癌安全、有效的方法。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤内镜下的诊断与治疗

目的探讨大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（LST）临床病理特征及内镜下黏膜切除术的有效性、安全性。方法经普通内镜检查发现LST 119例,染色后观察病灶大小及部位并进行形态分型,再结合放大内镜确定腺管开口类型。有治疗适应证者行内镜下黏膜切除术,切除病灶黏膜送病理检查。结果 28个月中共发现119例LST 124个病变。内镜下分型：颗粒均一型44个,结节混合型48个,平坦隆起型23个,假凹陷型9个。病变直径：10～20 mm 65个,21～30 mm 23个,31 mm以上36个,最大病变110 mm×100 mm。病变部位：直肠50个,乙状结肠25个,降结肠11个,横结肠10个,升结肠＋盲肠28个。黏膜腺管开口类型：Ⅲ型30个,其中17个为管状绒毛状腺瘤,12个为管状腺瘤;Ⅳ型56个,其中30个为绒毛状腺瘤,4个为黏膜内癌;Ⅴ型5个,其中2个为黏膜内癌,2个累及黏膜下层下1/3以下;Ⅱ型7个,其中5个为炎性增生性息肉,2个为锯齿状腺瘤（腺瘤性增生性息肉）：其余为ⅢL＋V型,其中23个为管状绒毛状腺瘤。符合适应证95例98个病变择期进行内镜下黏膜切除治疗,发生出血11例,均在操作过程中,无肠穿孔发生。结论大肠LST内镜形态具有一定特殊性,内镜下黏膜切除术是治疗在大肠的有效而安全的方法,可达到根治目的 。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤的内镜诊断与治疗

目的观察大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（LST）的大体形态、隐窝开口及其与病理组织学的相关性；评价内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）及氩离子凝固术（APC）联合治疗LST的疗效。方法应用黏膜染色技术对42例（45个病灶）大肠侧向发育型肿瘤隐窝开口形态观察，并进行EMR或内镜下分片黏膜切除（EPMR）及APC治疗，切除的标本进行病理组织学检查，术后随访。结果2450例结直肠瘤中发现LST 42例（45个病变），占1．7％；该42例中9例有家族性大肠肿瘤史，占21．4％。45个LST病变中颗粒均一型、结节混合型、扁平隆起型和假凹陷型分别为26．7％，28．9％，40．0％和4．4％；其中管状腺瘤20个，绒毛管状腺瘤23个，锯齿状腺瘤（Serrated腺瘤）2个，中度以上异型增生64．4％（29个），局部癌变11．1％（3个m癌，2个sm癌）。病理诊断的23个绒毛管状腺瘤中Ⅳ型隐窝开口20个，Ⅳ型隐窝开口与病理诊断符合率为86．9％（20／23）。3个病变行外科手术治疗，42个病变在内镜下治疗，经3个月～6年随访，除1例sm2癌外科手术后发生肝转移死亡外，其余病变均治疗成功。结论观察LST的大体形态、隐窝开口改变和“非提起征”改变，有助于在内镜下正确估计病变的组织学改变和黏膜下浸润深度，从而指导选择正确的治疗方案，EMR或EPMR联合APC治疗LST安全、有效，长期随访观察疗效可靠。     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗消化道肿瘤

目的 探讨内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)对消化道肿瘤的治疗价值。方法 利用染色、放大内镜及超声内镜探测病变范围及侵犯深度,对位于黏膜层及黏膜肌层的早期癌、癌前病变、黏膜下肿瘤、侧向发育型息肉、无蒂或亚蒂巨大息肉、息肉癌变等病变行EMR治疗。结果 病灶最大直径6cm。2例早期食管癌、1例早期贲门癌、1例早期大肠癌及2例胃中、重度异型增生经EMR及透明帽负压吸引EMR切除,观察3-18个月无复发;31例黏膜下肿瘤经EMR和透明帽负压吸引EMR,均完全切除;对13例侧向发育型息肉及21例亚蒂和无蒂大息肉及局部癌变息肉采用EMR或分片黏膜切除术切除。术中出血5例,出血率7.04％,经内镜治疗停止。1例4.5 cm腺瘤术后3个月复发。结论 在超声内镜、色素内镜及放大内镜的指导下,采用内镜下黏膜切除术治疗部分消化道早期癌、癌前病变、侧向发育型及无蒂或亚蒂臣大息肉、局部癌变息肉及黏膜肌层的肿瘤,足一项安全有效的内镜治疗疗法。     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌

目的探讨内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌的安全性及治疗效果。方法对26例早期大肠癌患者进行内镜下黏膜切除术切除病变,观察并发症、术后病理及术后内镜随访情况。结果一次性完整切除病变24例,分2块全部切除2例。术中出血2例(发生率7.7%),予止血夹钳夹止血。术后无出血及穿孔等并发症。术后病理:25例黏膜内癌,1例黏膜下癌,切缘距离病变超过2 mm,无肿瘤组织残留,无血管及淋巴管侵犯。26例病变均完全切除,术后6个月复查结肠镜2例创面见息肉样组织增生,予高频电切除,病理诊断为黏膜组织慢性炎,其余病例创面形成瘢痕,无肿瘤复发。1年后复查结肠镜病变均无复发。此后每年复查结肠镜,原切除部位无肿瘤复发。结论内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌是安全、有效的,在完全切除病变的前提下,可达到根治效果。     

小探头超声辅助下经双通道内镜食管黏膜下肿瘤剥除术的临床应用

目的探讨小探头超声辅助下经双通道内镜食管黏膜下肿瘤剥除术的临床应用价值。方法1999年1月至2005年5月，选择内镜超声检查诊断为食管黏膜下肿瘤的84例在小探头超声辅助下经双通道内镜行食管黏膜下肿瘤剥除术，术后常规病理组织送检。结果84例患者均成功行内镜下剥除，术后无食管穿孔、食管狭窄等严重并发症，创面渗血2例（2．3％）。83例获得病理诊断，确诊食管间质瘤65例，脂肪瘤17例，神经纤维瘤1例。术后经平均4．1个月的内镜随访，未见病变再发。结论小探头超声辅助下双通道内镜食管黏膜下肿瘤剥除术是一种安全、有效、简便的治疗方法。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（LST）的内镜形态及内镜下处理

目的 大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(Laterally Spreading Tumor,LST)近年在日本有较多研究,我国目前尚未见有相关报道．本总结了最近我院5个月内肠镜检查发现的13例LST病变,对其内镜下的形态特征,大体分型,肿瘤表面pit分型,瘸理形态及内镜下处理等进行了初步研究。方法 2000年12月1日至2001年4月30日共行肠镜检查857例,检出LST病变13例共14处病灶,记录所有LST病变的部位、大小、形态特征及内镜下大体分型,所有病例均行放大内镜观察病变表面的pit形态,13例LST患中,12例共12个病变接受内镜下治疗,另1例患拒绝内镜下治疗,仅行活检。接受内镜治疗患中,4例行注射法粘膜切除术(EMR)切除病变,4例行注射法粘膜分片切除术(EPMR)切除病变,1例行透明帽辅助粘膜分片切除术(EPMR)切除病变,3例行单纯PSD术切除病变。所有内镜下治疗均获得成功,无并发症发生。切除及活检标本行常规病理学检查。结果 LST捡出率：常规肠镜检查中LST病变检出率为1．52％。病变分布：14个LST病变中,直肠6个,乙状结肠2个,横结肠2个,升结肠4个。内镜下病变大体分型：颗粒均一型5个,结节混合型6个,平坦隆起型3个,假凹陷型0个。Pit形态：Ⅱ型pit 1例,Ⅱ型 ⅢL型3个,ⅢL型pit3个,Ⅳ型pit7个。病理形态：绒毛状腺瘤6例,均伴中度以上不典型增生,其中2例有局部癌变(m癌),但根部无癌残留。增生性息肉2例,管状绒毛状腺瘤3例,均合并中度不典型增生。混合型腺瘤(Serrated腺瘤)2例。结论 大肠LST病变在我国有较高的检出率,其内镜形态具有一定特殊性,处理方法可采用内镜下粘膜切除术。     

ESD联合EMR治疗较大大肠侧向发育型肿瘤9例诊治体会

目的探讨内镜下ESD联合EMR治疗大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)的效果和安全性。方法纳入我院确诊为LST的患者9例(9处病灶),并记录病灶的部位、大小、形态,内镜下分型,所有病灶均分两步完成切除:①首先将病灶与周边正常黏膜环形切开分离,必要时逐步剥离(ESD)病灶至其直径小于圈套器直径;②再行内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)圈套切除整个病灶。结果①9例患者均于内镜下完成整块切除,切除时间为(45±12)min,2例发生术中出血,均于内镜下止血,术中术后无其他并发症发生;②术后病理结果显示9例患者均完整切除,2例为管状腺瘤,2例为绒毛状腺瘤,5例为绒毛状管状腺瘤(其中1例伴局部癌变,但基底部无癌残留);6个月后内镜随访结果显示病灶切除处均完全愈合,未有复发。结论 ESD联合EMR在治疗大肠侧向发育型肿瘤中可做为一种选择方法。     

内镜黏膜剥离术治疗消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变

目的探讨内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic gubmucosal disseetion,ESD)治疗消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变的疗效、安全性及并发症防治。方法回顾性分析ESD方法治疗37例消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变的内镜下手术情况、并发症及治疗、预后情况。结果术中出血3例,术后出血2例,均内镜下成功止血;术中穿孔2例,均予内镜下金属夹夹闭后内科保守治疗成功,未有中转外科手术;l例直肠类癌及1例食管重度异型增生术后切缘病变组织残留,2~6月后复查未见明显复发迹象。结论 ESD治疗消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变安全、有效,可以一次性完整切除较大病变,提供完整的病理学资料,且术后不易复发。     

Endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: Current and original devices

Compared with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is easier to perform and requires less time for treatment. However, EMR has been replaced by ESD, because achieving en bloc resection of specimens > 20 mm in diameter is difficult with EMR. The technique of ESD was introduced to resect large specimens of early gastric cancer in a single piece. ESD can provide precise histological diagnosis and can also reduce the rate of recurrence, but has a high level of technical difficulty, and is consequently associated with a high rate of complications, a need for advanced endoscopic techniques, and a lengthy procedure time. To overcome disadvantages in both EMR and ESD, various advances have been made in submucosal injections, knives, other accessories, and in electrocoagulation systems.     

Ligation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection of gastric heterotopic pancreas

Heterotopic pancreas is a congenital anomaly characterized by ectopic pancreatic tissue. Treatment of heterotopic pancreas may include expectant observation, endoscopic resection or surgery. The aim of this report was to describe the technique of ligationassisted endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR） for resection of heterotopic pancreas of the stomach. Two patients （both female, mean age 32 years） were referred for management of gastric subepithelial tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound in both disclosed small hypoechoic masses in the mucosa and submucosa. Band ligation-assisted EMR was performed in both cases without complications. Pathology from the resected tumors revealed heterotopic pancreas arising from the submucosa. Margins were free of pancreatic tissue. Ligation-assisted EMR is technically feasible and may be considered for the endoscopic management of heterotopic pancreas.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal polyps in typical UK hospitals

AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) for colorectal polyps,with particular regard to procedural complications and recurrence rate,in typical United Kingdom(UK) hospitals that perform an average of about 25 colonic EMRs per year.METHODS:A total of 239 colorectal polyps(≥ 10 mm) resected from 199 patients referred to Rochdale Infirmary,Salford Royal Hospital and Royal Oldham Hospital for EMR between January 2003 and January 2009 were studied.RESULTS:The mean size of polyps resecte...     

内镜超声指导食管黏膜下肿瘤的黏膜切除术

目的探讨内镜超声指导食管黏膜下肿瘤黏膜切除术的有效性和安全性。方法对1992年至2005年间656例疑为上消化道黏膜下肿瘤患者进行内镜超声检查，其中97例食管病变内镜超声显示病变来源于黏膜肌层，有43例经知情同意后行内镜下黏膜切除术。切除病变经过病理检查明确病变的层次和病变性质。结果通过与病理结果对照表明，EUS准确地判断肿瘤所在的层次；通过黏膜切除术切除所有病变，无一例发生并发症。结论内镜超声检查能准确判断黏膜肌层来源的肿瘤，可用于指导黏膜切除术。     

内镜下治疗在大肠侧向发育型肿瘤中的应用

目的 探讨内镜下黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR）、黏膜分片切除术（endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection,EPMR）和内镜翻转黏膜切除术（retroflex endoscopic mucosal resection,REMR）在治疗大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（laterally spreading tumor,LST）中的临床应用价值.方法 选取2009年6月-2012年6月在昆山市中医医院行肠镜检出LST病变的患者18例,10例行注射法EMR切除病灶,6例行注射法EPMR切除病灶,2例行REMR切除病灶.结果 10例行EMR切除的病变,均完整切除,无1例复发.6例行EPMR切除的病变,1例失败,5例完整切除,其中1例复发.2例行REMR切除的病变,完整切除,无复发.结论 内镜下治疗LST操作安全、创伤少、恢复快,在LST的治疗中值得推广.     

高频小探头超声辅助的内镜下黏膜切除术治疗消化道肿瘤的价值

目的探讨高频小探头超声辅助的内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗消化道肿瘤的安全性和疗效。方法在高频小探头超声辅助下采用EMR治疗直径0．5～3．5cm的胃肠道肿瘤30例，严密观察有无出血、穿孔等并发症，切除组织全部送组织病理学检查，术后定期门诊随访。结果EMR治疗成功率93．3％，瘤性病变完全切除率95．2％，癌性病变完全切除率85．7％，无一例出现大出血、穿孔等严重并发症，随访2～13个月均未见肿瘤复发。结论高频小探头超声辅助的EMR治疗早期细小消化道肿瘤是一项安全、有效的方法。     

Effect of prophylactic clip placement following endoscopic mucosal resection of large colorectal lesions on delayed polypectomy bleeding: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The role of prophylactic clipping for the prevention of delayed polypectomy bleeding(DPB) remains unclear and conclusions from prior meta-analyses are limited due to the inclusion of variety of resection techniques and polyp sizes.AIM To conduct a meta-analysis on the effect of clipping on DPB following endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) of colorectal lesions ≥ 20 mm.METHODS We performed a search of PubMed and the Cochrane library for studies comparing the effect of clipping vs no clipping on DPB following endoscopic resection. The Cochran Q test and I^2 were used to test for heterogeneity. Pooling was conducted using a random-effects model.RESULTS Thirteen studies with a total of 7794 polyps were identified, of which data was available on 1701 cases of EMR of lesions ≥ 20 mm. Prophylactic clipping was associated with a lower rate of DPB(1.4%) when compared to no clipping(5.2%)(pooled OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.12-0.50, P < 0.001) following EMR of lesions ≥ 20 mm.There was no significant heterogeneity among the studies(I^2 = 0%, P = 0.67).CONLUSION Prophylactic clipping may reduce DPB following EMR of large colorectal lesions.Future trials are needed to further identify risk factors and stratify high risk cases in order to implement a cost-effective preventive strategy.     

内镜下治疗非壶腹部早期十二指肠癌的疗效分析

目的　评估内镜下治疗非壶腹部早期十二指肠癌的临床疗效。方法　以2015年1月—2021年1月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院接受内镜下治疗的非壶腹部早期十二指肠癌患者为研究对象,回顾性研究患者基线信息、内镜治疗方式、创面封闭方式、病理分析和并发症的发生与转归等资料。结果　47例患者资料入选并均成功完成内镜下治疗,其中内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR）17例,内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）5例,ESD+EMR 7例,因ESD剥离困难转为ESD+EMR 6例,耙状金属夹闭合系统（over?the?scope clip system,OTSC）辅助的全层切除4例,分片内镜黏膜切除术（piecemeal EMR,EPMR）8例。47例早期癌病变中,整块切除率83.0%（39/47）,完全切除率85.1%（40/47）。全组47例中,围手术期发生穿孔并发症4例（8.5%）,均发生于降部,其中2例（4.3%）经内镜治疗后好转,另外2例（4.3%）内镜治疗效果不佳,经外科手术治疗后好转。围手术期未出现术后出血、感染等并发症。结论　内镜下治疗非壶腹部早期十二指肠癌是安全有效的,可根据病灶的位置、大小及个体情况选择有针对性的治疗方案。对于十二指肠降段的操作,要更加警惕穿孔并发症的发生。     

An evaluation of resectability among endoscopic treatment methods for rectal neuroendocrine tumors <10 mm

Background and Study AimsWith respect to rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) resection, it remains unclear which of the following methods is the most effective: conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (cEMR), EMR using a fitted cap (EMR-C), EMR with a ligation band device (EMR-L), or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Thus, in this study, we aim to retrospectively evaluate the most effective endoscopic resection for rectal NETs < 10 mm.Patients and methodsIn total, 61 consecutive patients with primary rectal NETs < 10 mm in diameter were included in this study; they were then divided into three groups: those with cEMR; those with modified EMR (mEMR) involving EMR-C and EMR-L; and those with ESD. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the difference in the complete en bloc resection rate. The secondary endpoint was to investigate differences in procedure time and complications.ResultsAmong the three groups, a significant difference was found in procedure time (cEMR vs ESD, P < .01; mEMR vs ESD, P < .01), en bloc resection rate (cEMR vs mEMR, P = .015), tumor size (mEMR vs ESD, P < .01), percentage of tumor diameter ≥ 5 mm (mEMR vs ESD, P < .01), and complete en bloc resection rate (cEMR vs mEMR, P = .014). Meanwhile, no significant difference was noted in terms of complication rate among the three groups.ConclusionThe mEMR was the most suitable resection method for rectal NETs < 10 mm with respect to the risks and benefits from procedure-related factors, such as complete en bloc resection rate, procedure time, and complication rate.