不同类型高度病理性屈光参差屈光要素分析

目的分析不同类型高度病理性屈光参差同例双眼的屈光要素构成差异,探索影响屈光状态的主要因素、相互关系。方法收集136例等效球镜>3.00D的单纯近视性、远视性屈光参差,复性近视性、远视性屈光参差患者的临床资料,按屈光度数不同分为高屈光眼组和低屈光眼组;按屈光状态不同分为近视性屈光参差组(104例)和远视性屈光参差组(32例)。对所有患者双眼进行角膜地形图检查角膜屈光力,眼部A超检查前房深度、晶状体厚度及眼轴长度,对相关数据进行配对t检验,对各屈光要素与眼球屈光度进行多元线性回归分析。结果角膜屈光力近视性屈光参差组双眼相似率为79.81%,高于远视性屈光参差组的68.75%(P<0.05);前房深度近视性屈光参差组双眼相似率为68.27%,远视性屈光参差组为59.38%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);晶状体厚度近性视屈光参差组双眼相似率为79.81%,远视性屈光参差组为90.63%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);眼轴长度近视性屈光参差组双眼相似率为12.50%,远视性屈光参差组为18.75%,相似率均较低(P>0.05)。多元线性回归分析示:近视性屈光参差屈光度数与角膜屈光力、晶状体厚度及眼轴长度呈正相关关系(b=0.836、1.406、2.279,均为P<0.05),与前房深度呈负相关关系(b=-2.051,P<0.05);远视性屈光参差屈光度数与角膜屈光力、晶状体厚度及眼轴长度成负相关关系(b=-0.912、-1.389、-2.318,均为P<0.05),与前房深度无显著相关关系(P>0.05)。结论角膜屈光力及眼轴长度是影响眼球屈光状态的主要因素。前房深度及晶状体厚度在眼纵轴线上的位置对眼球屈光状态的影响不容忽视。     

不同程度屈光参差的单眼近视儿童配戴角膜塑形镜后近视进展对比

目的：对比观察不同程度屈光参差单眼近视儿童配戴角膜塑形镜1a的双眼近视进展情况。

方法：回顾性病例对照研究。收集2018-06/2019-06于西安市第一医院就诊并验配角膜塑形镜的8～12岁的单眼近视屈光参差患者60例,双眼等效球镜(SE)差值≥2.5D为高度屈光参差组30例,1.0D≤双眼SE差值<2.5D为低度屈光参差组30例。比较两组患者戴镜6mo,1a的双眼眼轴长度(AL)和非戴镜眼SE变化情况。

结果：随访6mo,1a时,高度屈光参差组戴镜眼眼轴增长均少于低度屈光参差组(P<0.001),非戴镜眼眼轴增长量和SE增长均大于低度屈光参差组(均P<0.001),且高度屈光参差组双眼眼轴差缩短幅度均大于低度屈光参差组(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示戴镜前屈光参差度和双眼眼轴差缩短量具有相关性(F=0.293、0.458,均P<0.001)。

结论：单眼近视屈光参差儿童在配戴角膜塑形镜后,高度屈光参差者较低度屈光参差者戴镜眼眼轴增长更慢,而非戴镜眼眼轴和等效球镜度进展更快。配戴角膜塑形镜可有效缩小屈光参差,且戴镜前屈光参差程度越大,双眼轴差缩小越多。     

儿童近视性屈光参差眼的眼压分析

目的为了探讨近视和眼压的关系,本文对近视性屈光参差患者双眼的眼压进行了测量观察。方法对49例年龄为7～14岁、双眼屈光度差值≥2.5D(2.50D～6.62D)的屈光参差者的双眼屈光度、眼压、中央角膜厚度和角膜曲率分别进行测量。结果近视性屈光参差患者双眼中高屈光度眼(7.44D±2.57D)的眼压(17.18 mmHg±2.56 mmHg)与低屈光度眼(3.89D±2.41D)的眼压(17.22 mmHg±2.82 mmHg)无统计学显著性差异(t=-0.075,P=0.940)。近视屈光度与眼压(r=0.040,P=0.372)、中央角膜厚度与眼压(r=0.011,P=0.808)和角膜曲率(r=0.062,P=0.166)均无相关性。结论儿童近视性屈光参差双眼的屈光度与眼压无关。     

近视性屈光参差患者高阶像差分析研究

目的 观察近视性屈光参差患者双眼高阶像差(higher order aberrations HOA)的异同.方法 用NIDEK公司的OPD-Scan波前像差仪与角膜地形图ARK-10000对双眼屈光参差≥2.0DS的近视患者进行像差检查,分别对高度数眼组和低度数眼组之高阶像差进行分析并比较.结果 高度数眼组与低度数眼组的高阶像差,球差,彗差相比均无统计学意义(P>0.05).高阶像差,球差,彗差与近视屈光度均无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论 近视性屈光参差患者双眼的高阶像差,球差,彗差与屈光度无关.     

高度屈光参差近视患者眼轴长度与黄斑形态关系研究

目的 分析高度屈光参差近视患者双眼眼轴长度(AL)与黄斑区浅层视网膜毛细血管丛(SCP)血流密度、深层视网膜毛细血管丛(DCP)血流密度、黄斑中心凹无灌注区面积(FAZ)和黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)等的相关性。方法 选取2019年5月至2020年10月于绵阳万江眼科医院眼科屈光中心就诊的高度屈光参差的近视患者70例(140眼)。患者双眼中屈光度低眼纳入低屈光度组,屈光度高眼纳入高屈光度组。经睫状肌麻痹验光获得双眼等效球镜度(SE),生物测量仪测量AL,光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)获得双眼SCP血流密度、DCP血流密度、FAZ和CMT,分析AL与各项指标的相关性。结果 低屈光度组SE为+1.75～-4.50(-0.92±1.57)D,AL为22.04～26.09(24.01±0.91)mm;高屈光度组SE为-3.00～-7.50(-4.89±1.29)D,AL为23.54～27.77(25.33±0.89)mm;双眼SE参差平均为3.97 D,AL参差平均为1.32 mm。两组患者间SE、AL、SCP血流密度、DCP血流密度、FAZ和CMT相比差异均有统计学意义(均为P=0.000...     

近视性屈光参差的波前像差研究

目的 探讨利用波前像差仪评估近视性屈光参差患者双眼的波前像差的差异.方法 选择2009年8月至2010年2月在广西视光中心验光配镜的近视性屈光参差患者60例(120眼).使用美国AMO公司的WaveScan波前像差仪采集每位患者双眼的波前像差数据.依据屈光度高低,将屈光参差患者双眼分为等效球镜为(-4.81±1.79)D的高屈光度组和等效球镜为(-2.44±1.78)D的低屈光度组.比较2组视模糊效果、总高阶像差、高阶像差百分比、彗差、三叶草像差、球差等指标的差异.结果 高屈光度组与低屈光度组的视模糊效果分别为(4.89±1.59)D、(2.78±1.72)D;总高阶像差分别为(0.38±0.15)μm、(0.38±0.15)μ,m;高阶像差百分比分别为(5.13±2.34)%、(13.39±12.30)%;彗差分别为(0.21±0.14)μm、(0.19±0.11)μm;三叶草像差分别为(0.16±0.10)μm、(0.17±0.12)μm;球差分别为(0.11±0.16)μm、(0.13±0.19)μm.其中,2组间在视模糊效果、高阶像差百分比2项指标上差异有统计学意义(均为P＜0.01),其余4项指标比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).结论 近视性屈光参差患者双眼高阶像差相似,但高阶像差百分比存在明显差异,这可能是近视性屈光参差发展的一个潜在危险因素.     

近视性屈光参差儿童青少年配戴角膜塑形镜的临床效果

目的:观察青少年近视性屈光参差配戴角膜塑形镜的临床效果。方法:回顾性自身对照研究。收集浙江大学医学院附属第二医院眼科中心从2015年12月至2017年6月之间开始配戴角膜塑形镜的患者32例,年龄8~16(11.2±2.2)岁,随访时间2年。双眼等效球镜度(SE)差值≥1.00 D,滴用睫状肌麻痹剂后的SE范围为-0.75^-6.00 D。分为高屈光度眼组(两眼中屈光度较高眼)和低屈光度眼组(两眼中屈光度较低眼),均配戴角膜塑形镜。观察双眼戴镜前以及戴镜后半年、1年、1.5年,2年的眼轴变化。数据采用配对t检验进行比较。结果:双眼眼轴差值由戴镜前的(0.46±0.24)mm下降到戴镜2年后的(0.33±0.28)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=5.038,P<0.001),高屈光度眼组戴镜2年后眼轴变化量[(0.38±0.21)mm]小于低屈光度眼组眼轴变化量[(0.51±0.26)mm],差异有统计学意义(t=6.52,P<0.001)。结论:青少年长期配戴角膜塑形镜可以减小近视性屈光参差双眼之间的眼轴差值,减少屈光参差量,可以更有效减缓近视屈光度较高眼的眼轴增长,配戴角膜塑形镜是改善屈光参差的一种有效方式。     

学龄期儿童近视初诊时屈光状态分布与生物学参数的相关性研究

目的:研究学龄期儿童初发并确诊为近视时的年龄、屈光分布的特点及其与眼轴、角膜散光的相关性。方法:采用简单随机抽样法选取2020-05/09于我院眼科门诊因视力下降就诊,并第一次诊断为近视的学龄期儿童196例391眼,排除患其它引起视力下降眼病的病例。按年龄分为6~8、9~10、11~12岁三组,按屈光度分为SE≤-1.00D、-1.00-3.00D四组。所有儿童均接受视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、IOL Master、验光及眼底检查并记录结果,分析屈光度、年龄分布及与各屈光参数关系。结果:纳入病例中6~8、9~10、11~12岁年龄组分别有128眼(32.7%)、155眼(39.6%)、108眼(27.6%)。平均年龄9.29±1.64岁。各年龄组间等效球镜(SE)和眼轴(AL)均有差异(P<0.01)。SE≤-1.00D、-1.00-3.00D屈光度组分别有134眼(34.3%)、162眼(41.4%)、74眼(18.9%)、21眼(5.4%)。平均SE为-1.54±0.89D。各屈光度组AL有差异(P<0.01)。SE与AL间呈线性回归关系,回归方程为Y=12.373-0.577X,R²=0.286,β=-0.577,P<0.001。散光度与角膜散光间呈线性回归关系,回归方程为Y=0.084-0.502X,R²=0.389,β=-0.502,P<0.001。结论:6~12岁的学龄期儿童初次确诊近视性屈光不正的年龄集中在9~10岁,屈光度以低度近视为主。AL增长与年龄、SE相关,儿童散光性屈光不正与角膜散光相关。     

低度近视性屈光参差儿童主导眼调节参数研究

目的 研究低度近视性屈光参差儿童的主导眼与非主导眼的屈光度、调节幅度、调节灵活度、正负相对调节、调节反应的差异.方法 回顾性临床研究.收集眼科门诊27例能配合检查的低度近视性屈光参差儿童(1.0 D≤双眼等效球镜差<2.5 D),矫正视力 ≥0.8.采用"卡洞法"测量被检者的主导眼,分别记录主导眼和非主导眼的屈光度,然...     

低度近视性屈光参差不同矫正方式的调节功能研究

目的:研究分别采用单焦框架眼镜与角膜塑形镜矫正低度近视性屈光参差的儿童单眼及双眼调节的差异。方法:回顾性研究。收集2019-11/2020-04于我院眼科门诊就诊的低度近视性屈光参差(1.0D≤双眼等效球镜差<2.5D)儿童47例94眼,其中配戴框架眼镜者27例54眼作为A组,配戴角膜塑形镜者20例40眼作为B组。分别记录并比较两组患儿矫正1mo后的矫正视力及调节参数[调节反应(AR)、调节灵活度(AF)、调节幅度(AMP)]的差异。结果:两组患儿AR测量值均为正值,表现为调节滞后,A组患儿屈光高度眼调节滞后量显著高于屈光低度眼(0.63±0.21D vs 0.25±0.34D,P<0.001),但B组患儿双眼调节滞后量无差异(P=0.104),且两组患儿屈光高度眼与屈光低度眼单眼矫正视力和单眼AMP均无差异(P>0.05)。A组患儿双眼AR差值高于B组(0.38±0.36D vs 0.10±0.26D,P=0.005),双眼AF低于B组(8.22±1.15c/min vs 9.95±0.89c/min,P<0.001),但两组患儿双眼AMP无明显差异(P=0.280)。结论:低度近视性屈光参差儿童配戴角膜塑形镜比单焦框架眼镜矫正可获得更高的双眼调节灵活度,降低双眼调节反应差值,从而维持更协调的双眼调节功能。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

---

     

Current Thoughts on the Aetiology of Ocular Changes during Contact Lens Wear

ABSTRACT: Contact lenses are known to produce changes to the ocular tissues, and this review attempts to give a comprehensive assemblage of the knowledge on the aetiology of such changes. To achieve this result, the changes are categorized by structure and function, and discussed according to the temporal nature of occurrence where appropriate. Although assessment of the importance of a particular tissue change is difficult, this overview enables some degree of judgement to be made on the aetiology of the major side-effects of contact lens wear. This gives a basis on which to modify aspects of contact lens wear to ultimately increase the success rate.     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: first-order and second-order spatial structure

This study provides evidence for the existence of a low-level chromatic motion mechanism and further elucidates the conditions under which its operation becomes measurable in an experimental stimulus. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of amplitude modulated (AM) gratings that were defined by luminance or chromatic variation and masked with spatiotemporally broadband luminance or chromatic noise. The size and retinal location of the stimuli were varied and the effects of broadband noise and grating masks were both compared with the cohort of stimuli. Some significant disparities in the published literature were well explained by the results. In conclusion, evidence for a chromatically sensitive motion mechanism that evades the, detrimental effects of a luminance mask was found only at the fovea and only when the stimulus was small and centrally placed.     

Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies

We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive.