经食管超声心动图及凝血指标评估非风湿性房颤栓塞危险性的临床研究

目的 :探讨经食管超声心动图 (TEE)检查和测定血浆凝血标志物用于评估非风湿性房颤 (NRAF)栓塞危险性价值。方法 :对 12 4例的研究对象全部测定血浆中凝血标志物 ,对风湿性房颤 (RAF)组 3 2例和NRAF组 3 4例实施常规经胸超声心动图 (TTE)和TEE检查。结果 :①TEE的心房血栓和左房自发性超声对比 (LASEC)现象检出率显著高于TTE(P <0 0 1) ;左心耳 (LAA)血流排空速率降低 ( <2 5cm/s)与心房血栓和LASEC形成密切相关。②四种血浆中凝血标志物水平在NRAF组均显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;其中D 2聚体水平在LAA功能减退患者中显著升高 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :①TEE较TTE在评估NRAF栓塞危险性方面具更高的应用价值 ;心房内存在血栓、LASEC阳性 ,LAA血流排空速率下降是三项重要的TEE评估指标。②心房颤动可导致某些特异性凝血标志物水平显著升高。③D 2聚体浓度升高与TEE评估指标高度相关     

非风湿性房颤左心房血栓形成患者左心耳功能、血脂蛋白(a)和D-二聚体检测

目的：检测非风湿性房颤(NRAF)左心房血栓形成患者左心耳(LAA)功能和血脂蛋白(a)(Lp(a))、D-二聚体(D-D)水平。方法：NRAF左心房血栓形成患者11例(血栓组)，非风湿性房颤无血栓形成患者75例(无血栓组)，经食管超声心动图(TEE)检测①LAA射血分数(LAA-EF)、②LAA最大排空速度(LAA-PEV)、③LAA自发超声对比现象(LASEC)等指标，同时检测血清Lp(a)、D-D含量。结果：①血栓组LAA-PEV、LAA-EF明显较无血栓组低(P=0．009，0．01)。②血栓组LASEC(≥2级)出现率(100％)明显较无血栓组(21．3％)高(P=0．001)。③高Lp(a)、D-D水平组血栓发现率(21．1％，22．5％)明显较低Lp(a)、D-D水平组血栓发现率(6．3％，4．3％)高(P=0.043，0．021)。结论：高水平的Lp(a)、低LAA-PEV及LAA-EF是NRAF患者左心房血栓形成的危险因子，高D-D水平和LASEC是血栓形成的重要表现。     

经胸和经食管超声心动描记术评价房颤栓塞危险性

目的：比较经胸超声心动描记术(TTE)和经食管超声心动描记术(TEE)评价房颤栓塞危险性的价值。方法：对106例心房颤动患者同时进行TTE和TEE检查，根据TEE检查结果分为血栓阳性组和血栓阴性组。对两组间左房自发性超声显影(left atrial spontaneous echocontrast，LASEC)的严重程度，LA内径，LVd，LVs，FS和二尖瓣瓣口面积等进行比较。结果:106例中经TEE检查发现14个血栓，而TTE检查仅发现4个血栓，两组间LASEC的严重程度、LA内径、二尖瓣瓣口面积均有显著性差异。相关分析显示LASEC与LA内径呈显著正相关，与二尖瓣瓣口面积显著负相关。结论:TEE对于房颤患者血栓的检测及栓塞危险性的评估较TTE更有优势，LASEC分级、LA内径、二尖瓣瓣口面积可作为房颤患者左房血栓形成的预示因子。     

食道超声心动图及血浆纤溶活性检测探讨风湿性心脏病栓塞危险性

目的:探讨风湿性心脏病(风心病)血栓前状态(PTS)及血栓形成机制。方法:经食管超声心动描记术(TEE)检查风心病患者203例,确定心腔内云雾状回声、血栓形成、左心房增大情况,同时检测15例风心病房颤患者和15例正常人的血液血浆假血友病因子抗原(vWF:Ag)、血小板激活标记物一血小板α颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)、血浆纤维蛋白肽A(FPA)、血浆纤维蛋白D-二聚体(D-D)水平。评实PTS的存在并探讨其在血栓栓塞过程中的作用。结果:风心病患者90.1％发现云雾状回声、血栓形成30.5％,其中心房纤颤者与窦性心律者比较血栓形成差异有显著性(P<0.001)。血液学指标:VWF:AG、GMP-140、FPA和D-D血浆浓度均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论:风心病房颤患者存在血栓栓塞的基础-PTS,凝血系统异常尤为显著,且TEE检测左房自发性超声对比现象(LASEC)是存在血栓栓塞危险性的有力预测因子,有较高的临床应用价值。     

血浆凝血酶-抗凝血酶Ⅲ复合物对评价心房颤动患者血栓栓塞危险性的价值

目的探讨心房颤动(房颤,AF)患者血液凝血系统分子标志物凝血酶-抗凝血酶Ⅲ(TAT)浓度变化及其对评价房颤患者血栓栓塞危险性的价值。方法研究期间,行经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查发现,左心房和/或左心耳血栓者10例,另有外周动脉明确血栓栓塞并发症者8例,共18例为血栓组;行 TEE 检查未发现 LA 和/或 LAA 血栓且排除血栓栓塞并发症病史者为无血栓组(17例);未行 TEE 检查及排除外周动脉血栓栓塞并发症的房颤患者54例为房颤组,对照组33例为无房颤组。各组均分别采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法(ELISA)和发色底物法测定血浆 TAT、D-D 浓度和 AT-Ⅲ活性,对其结果进行对比分析。结果 AF 患者无论是否伴有血栓,其 TAT 及 D-D 含量均明显高于无房颤组(P<0.05),AT-Ⅲ活性明显低于无房颤组(P<0.05)。血栓组患者 TAT、DD 水平明显高于无血栓组(P 均<0.05)。结论房颤患者可引起凝血系统的激活;检测房颤患者血浆中 TAT 可能成为评估房颤患者血栓栓塞危险性的一种有价值的方法。     

多平面经食道超声心动图估测左心耳功能及血栓的评价

目的 评价应用经食道超声心动图(TEE)估测左心耳功能及诊断左房血栓的价值。方法 采用TEE对33例伴有或不伴有房颤患者检测左心耳容量及收缩功能，探测左房和左心耳内有无明确血栓征象。并与经胸多普勒二维超声心动图(TTE)比较。结果 33例患者中左房血栓6例，左心耳血栓6例，排除左房血栓3例。根据左心耳面积测定计算出左心耳射血分数(Efv)与左心耳峰值血流排空速度(Per)相关性良好(r=0．84)。结论 TEE不仅可定性诊断左房血栓，还可测量左心耳射血分数，房颤患者左心耳面积扩大，左心耳射血分数减低，评价左心耳功能较二维超声心动图更为准确。     

经食管超声心动图对房颤合并左心耳血栓的诊断价值

目的 探讨经食管超声心动图(TEE)对房颤合并左心耳(LAA)血栓的诊断价值及对行LAA封堵术的指导意义。方法 选取2019年4月至2023年4月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院收治的60例拟行LAA封堵术的房颤患者为研究对象,术前均检查LAA血栓、LAA开口等情况,排除存在手术禁忌证患者。比较合并LAA血栓患者与未合并LAA血栓患者LAA TEE参数,采用ROC分析TEE参数联合检测对房颤合并LAA血栓的诊断价值,术中采用TEE引导并测量LAA开口最小、最大直径及深度,术后3个月进行TEE复查。结果 60例房颤患者经临床诊断合并LAA血栓32例,LAA开口过小2例(最大直径分别为15.92、16.43 mm),LAA开口过大1例(最大直径为32.19 mm),无手术禁忌证25例;合并LAA血栓患者LAA-min、LAA-max大于未合并LAA血栓患者(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,LAA-min、LAA-max联合诊断房颤合并LAA血栓的AUC为0.901,约登指数为0.799,最佳诊断敏感度为90.63%,最佳诊断特异度为89.29%。结论 TEE对房颤合并LAA血栓有较高的诊...     

心房颤动患者血浆TAT水平变化对评价血栓栓塞危险性的临床价值

目的 :探讨心房纤颤 (AF)患者血液凝血系统分子标志物凝血酶 抗凝血酶Ⅲ (TAT)浓度变化及其对评价房颤患者血栓栓塞危险性的价值。方法 :45例慢性房颤患者中 9例通过经食道超声心动图 (TEE)检出左房血栓或有栓塞病史 ,为血栓阳性组 ,余 3 6例房颤患者为阴性组 ,另选临床情况相似的 2 1例窦律患者作为对照组 ,各组均分别采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法 (ELISA)和发色底物法测定血浆TAT、D D浓度和AT Ⅲ活性 ,对其结果进行分析比较。结果 :AF患者无论是否伴有血栓 ,其TAT及D D含量均明显高于正常窦律组(P <0 0 5 ) ,AT Ⅲ活性明显低于正常窦律组 (P <0 0 5 )。血栓组患者TAT、D D水平较血栓阴性组明显升高(P均 <0 0 5 )。房颤患者TAT与D D水平呈正相关性 (rs=0 3 0 6,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :房颤患者可引起凝血系统的激活 ;检测房颤患者血浆中TAT可成为评估房颤患者血栓栓塞危险性的有价值的一种方法     

经食管超声心动图诊断左房血栓的价值

目的：评价经食管超声心动较（TEE）诊断左房血栓的价值。方法：对70例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者进行经胸超声心动图（TTE）和TEE检查，并对2种技术进行分析。结果；在受检的70例中左房血栓检出率TEE为65％，而TTE仅为23％。左房血栓形成与二尖瓣瓣口面积的大小，左房的增大，有无房颤和左房自发显影密切相关，二尖瓣返流的程度对左房附壁血栓的形成有一定的影响。结论：TEE对左房血栓的诊断价值优于TTE。     

左心耳CT血管造影双期扫描在房颤患者中诊断左心耳血栓的应用价值

目的:探讨左心耳CT血管造影(CTA)双期扫描在房颤患者中诊断左心耳血栓的应用价值。方法:回顾性收集2020年1月至2022年6月房颤患者36例,所有患者均行左心耳(LAA)CTA双期扫描和经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查。以TEE检查结果为“金标准”,分别计算LAA-CTA第一期和第二期诊断LAA血栓的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率,并采用Kappa检验评价LAA-CTA第一期和第二期诊断结果与TTE诊断结果的一致性。结果:LAA-CTA第一期诊断左心耳血栓患者21例,第二期诊断左心耳血栓患者15例,TTE诊断左心耳血栓患者14例;LAA-CTA第一期诊断LAA血栓的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率分别为64.29%、45.45%、42.86%、66.67%及52.78%;LAA-CTA第二期诊断LAA血栓的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断符合率分别为92.86%、90.91%、86.67%、95.24%、91.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LAA-CTA第一期诊断左心耳血栓结果与TEE诊断结果一致性一般(Kappa...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.