银杏叶提取物对肾性高血压大鼠血压及其靶器官脂质过氧化的影响

目的:研究银杏叶提取物对肾性高血压大鼠(RHR)的降压作用以及血清一氧化氮(NO)的影响,同时观察RHR心、脑、肾组织中丙二醛(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。方法:采用两肾一夹法(2K1C)复制肾性高血压大鼠(RHR)模型,将造模成功的大鼠按照血压高低随机分为5组:空白对照组、银杏叶提取物高、中、低剂量组、阳性药卡托普利组,每组8只。在给药前和给药后2,4,6,8周测量大鼠的收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP),在给药后8周,测量大鼠血清NO的含量,测心、脑、肾组织中MDA,SOD的变化。结果:给药8周后,银杏叶提取物明显降低RHR的血压,其中高剂量组的降压幅度与卡托普利组比较没有显著性差异;银杏叶提取物高剂量组和卡托普利组可以提高大鼠血清NO含量,提高心、脑、肾组织中SOD水平,降低MDA含量。结论:银杏叶提取物的降压作用可能与提高舒血管物质NO含量有关,并可能通过抗氧化起到保护靶器官的作用。     

益气活血解毒方对幼龄自发性高血压大鼠内皮功能的影响

目的 :研究益气活血解毒方对幼龄自发性高血压大鼠内皮功能的影响,探讨益气活血解毒方预防高血压病的机制。 方法 :雄性6周幼龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)16只随机分为益气活血解毒方组、模型组,治疗6周,分别检测治疗前后的各组大鼠血压,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血清血管性假血友病因子(vWF)、内皮素-1(ET-1),硝酸还原法测定一氧化氮(NO)的含量,黄嘌呤及黄嘌呤氧化酶反应系统检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),硫代巴比妥酸比色法检测丙二醛 (MDA)。并设同龄Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠8只做空白对照比较。 结果 :幼龄SHR血浆中vWF和MDA升高,NO和SOD降低,益气活血解毒方可以降低幼龄SHR血浆vWF和MDA,升高NO和SOD。 结论 :幼龄SHR已存在内皮功能不全,益气活血解毒方早期应用能改善SHR血管内皮功能。     

芝麻素对肾性高血压大鼠心肌重构的影响

目的观察芝麻素对肾性高血压大鼠心肌重构的影响.方法建立两肾-夹肾性高血压大鼠模型,灌胃给予不同剂量的芝麻素6周后,测定左室重量指数(LVWI)、心肌一氧化氮(NO)浓度和羟脯氨酸(HYD)含量;放射免疫分析法测定内皮素-1(ET-1)含量;免疫组织化学法观察心肌内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)蛋白表达;透射电镜观察心肌超微结构.结果模型组LVWI明显增加,电镜显示心肌纤维紊乱、胶原纤维增生,心肌HYD,ET-1含量明显升高,NO浓度和eNOS蛋白表达明显减少.芝麻素100 mg/kg组LVWI和心肌纤维紊乱、胶原纤维增生等病变明显减轻,HYD,ET-1含量明显降低,NO浓度和eNOS蛋白表达明显增加.结论芝麻素具有抗心肌重构的作用,其机制可能与其升高心肌NO、降低ET-1等有关.     

黄连解毒汤对幼龄自发性高血压大鼠内皮功能影响研究

目的:研究黄连解毒汤对幼龄自发性高血压大鼠内皮功能的影响,探讨黄连解毒汤预防高血压的机制。方法:雄性6周幼龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)16只随机分为黄连解毒汤组、模型组2组,治疗6周,分别检测治疗前后的血压变化,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血管性假血友病因子(vWF)和ET-1浓度变化,硝酸还原法测定血浆NO的含量,黄嘌呤及黄嘌呤氧化酶反应系统检测SOD,硫代巴比妥酸比色法检测MDA,与预设同龄WKY大鼠8只做空白对照比较。结果:幼龄SHR血浆中vWF、MDA升高,NO、SOD降低,黄连解毒汤治疗后可以降低SHR血压,降低血浆vWF、MDA,升高NO、SOD。结论:SHR在高血压前期已存在内皮功能不全,黄连解毒汤早期应用可改善SHR血管内皮功能。     

杜仲糖苷对肾性高血压大鼠血压及血浆ET、NO的影响

目的探讨杜仲糖苷对肾性高血压模型大鼠(RHR)血压的调节作用及对血浆ET、NO的影响。方法健康SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白组、模型对照组、杜仲糖苷大、中、小剂量组、硝苯地平组。造模采用经典"两肾一夹"法。分别测量各组造模前、后、治疗后的平均血压值变化,造模后血浆中ET、NO含量的变化。分析数据采用统计学方法。结果与模型组比较,治疗后杜仲糖苷大、中、小剂量组血压较治疗前均明显降低(P0.01、P0.01、P0.05、P0.01)。杜仲糖苷大、中、小剂量组血浆ET显著下降(P0.01、P0.05、P0.05、P0.01),而NO水平显著升高(P0.01、P0.05、P0.05、P0.01)。结论肾性高血压形成与血浆ET升高、NO下降有关;杜仲糖苷能有效降低血压,其降压机制可能与调节血浆ET、NO有关。     

红丝线提取物对肾性高血压大鼠血压、一氧化氮和内皮素的影响

目的：观察红丝线提取物对肾性高血压大鼠血压、尿和血清中一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶及内皮素浓度的影响。方法：采用两肾-夹高血压大鼠模型，连续灌胃给药4周，并于每周末测定血压；给药第4周末留尿测定尿-氧化氮含量，并处死动物取血测血清一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶及内皮素的浓度变化。结果：红丝线灌胃1周后能使肾性高血压大鼠血压明显下降，血清中一氧化氮合酶以及尿和血清中一氧化氮浓度明显升高，而血浆中内皮素浓度明显降低。作用持续四周。结论：红丝线能降低肾性高血压大鼠的血压，升高一氧化氮合酶以及尿和血清中一氧化氮浓度，降低血浆中内皮素浓度。     

芝麻素对肾性高血压大鼠血流动力学、心肌一氧化氮和内皮素-1的影响

目的:观察芝麻素对肾性高血压大鼠血流动力学、心肌NO和ET-1的影响。方法:建立两肾一夹肾性高血压大鼠模型,给予不同剂量的芝麻素6周后,测血流动力学参数,左室重量指数(LVWI)、活性氧(ROS)浓度及心肌一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素-1(ET-1)含量,并对LVWI、NO与ET-1分别进行线性相关分析。结果:芝麻素100 mg.kg-1组能显著降低平均动脉压(MAP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、LVWI、ROS和ET-1含量,升高左心室最大收缩和舒张速率(±dp/dtmax)、颈动脉流量(ACF)和NO浓度(P<0.05,P<0.01);LVWI与NO成负相关(r=-0.626,P<0.01),与ET-1成正相关(r=0.542,P<0.01)。结论:芝麻素能明显改善肾性高血压大鼠的血流动力学,其机制可能与其抗氧化和升高心肌NO、降低ET-1有关。     

无患子皂苷对肾性高血压大鼠血压及血管活性物质的影响

目的：观察无患子皂苷对肾性高血压大鼠(renovascular hypertension rat,RHR)的降压作用及对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)、内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法：采用改进的两肾一扎(2K1C)高血压大鼠模型。将大鼠均分为6组：假结扎组、模型组、卡托普利组、无患子皂苷高、中、低3个剂量组。每组10只,每天灌胃给药1次,假结扎组和模型组灌服等量蒸馏水。分别于给药后1,3,7,14,21,28,35 d测量大鼠尾动脉收缩压；取血测血中AngⅡ,Ald,ET,NO的浓度。结果：无患子皂苷给药35 d能明显降低RHR血压。RHR血浆中AngⅡ,Ald,ET含量增多,NO含量降低,无患子皂苷各剂量降低血压同时能够降低AngⅡ,Ald,ET含量,增加NO含量。结论：无患子皂苷能够降低RHR血压,并对AngⅡ,Ald,ET,NO产生一定影响,可能是其降压作用的机制之一。     

葛根素对高血压缺血性脑卒中血ET-1,SOD,MAD的影响

目的 :观察普乐林注射液对高血压和高血压缺血性脑卒中血内皮素、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛的改变。方法 :随机抽取原发性高血压患者 (2 5例 )、高血压缺血性脑卒中患者 (30例 )、对照组 (2 5例 ) ,在停用其它活血化瘀药 2周后静滴普乐林 2 0 m L 2周 ,并测定用药前后血 ET-1,SOD,MDA。结果 :治疗前后高血压和高血压缺血性脑卒中血 ET-1无明显变化 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而 SOD和 MDA均有明显改变 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,结果还发现高血压缺血性脑卒中与对照组相比血 ET-1有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1) ,SOD明显差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,MDA显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。而高血压组与对照组相比血 ET-1,SOD,MDA均有明显差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :普乐林能明显清除缺血性脑卒中和高血压患者氧自由基 ,具有很好的治疗作用。     

通心络对自发性高血压大鼠血管内皮功能的影响

目的观察通心络胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）血管内皮功能的保护作用。方法将24只SHR随机分为通心络组（TXL组）、咪达普利组（MD组）和生理盐水组（SHR组）,每组8只。同时还有8只同龄Wistar—Kyoto（WKY）大鼠作为正常对照组。TXL组和MD组分别以通心络胶囊280rag／（kg·d）和咪达普利0．90mg／（kg·d）配成2mL水溶液灌胃4周。SHR组与WKY组灌胃等量生理盐水。实验结束后取血测定内皮素-1（ET-1）、一氧化氮（NO）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果SHR组N0浓度与SOD活性均低于WKY组（P〈0．01）,TXL组NO浓度与SOD活性则高于SHR组（P〈0．01）,SHR组ET-1、AngⅡ及MDA水平高于WKY组（P〈0．01）,TXL组ET-1、AngⅡ及MDA水平均低于SHR组,与MD组比较则无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论通心络胶囊可能通过增加N0浓度和SOD活性,降低ET-1、AngⅡ及MDA水平,对血管内皮具有保护作用。     

Influence of moxibustion temperatures on blood lipids, endothe- lin-1, and nitric oxide in hyperlipidemia patients

OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of moxibustion temperature on blood lipids, endothelin-1（ET-1）, nitric oxide（NO）, and ET-1/NO in hyperlipidemia patients. METHODS： Forty-two primary hyperlipidemia patients were randomly divided into two groups of 21 and treated with moxibustion at different temperatures. Moxibustion was performed with the moxa roll 2.5-3.0 cm from the skin in the treatment group and 4 cm in the control group, 10 min per point, once every other day. Skin temperature was precisely measured with a thermometer during moxibustion. After a 12-week treatment, seven measurements of blood lipids, ET-1, and NO were recorded. RESULTS： Total cholesterol and triglyceride, were lower in the treatment group than in the control group（P0.05）. Serum ET-1 and ET-1/NO was obvi-ously lowered in the treatment group（P0.001）. Moxibustion regulated NO and ET-1/NO in the treatment group much better than in the control group. CONCLUSION： Moxibustion can regulate blood lipids and clear blood vessels. Moxibustion at 45℃has a better effect than moxibustion at 38℃ on regulating blood lipids and protecting vascular endothelial function, indicating that suitable temperature influences the curative effect of moxibustion.     

莲椹汤对肾性高血压大鼠血压的疗效观察

[目的]观察莲椹汤对肾性高血压大鼠(RHR)血压的影响,并初步探讨其降压机制,为传统验方新用提供实验依据。[方法]左肾动脉狭窄法建立两肾一夹高血压大鼠模型;无创尾套法测量清醒RHR尾动脉收缩压;用EILSA法检测血ALD及心肌组织AngⅡ浓度。[结果]与模型组比较,实验组(40mg·kg-1,80mg·kg-1,160mg·kg-1)及卡托普利组对RHR有明显的降压作用(P<0.01);实验组各剂量间降压作用无显著性差异(P>0.05);与卡托普利组降压作用也无显著性差异(P>0.05)。实验组还可降低血浆ALD和心肌AngⅡ浓度。[结论]莲椹汤有良好的抗高血压作用,其降压机制可能与拮抗RAS系统有关,可以用于高血压治疗。     

Influence of moxibustion temperatures on blood lipids,endothelin-1, and nitric oxide in hyperlipidemia patients

Objective

To observe the influence of moxibustion temperature on blood lipids, endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), and ET-1/NO in hyperlipidemia patients.

Methods

Forty-two primary hyperlipidemia patients were randomly divided into two groups of 21 and treated with moxibustion at different temperatures. Moxibustion was performed with the moxa roll 2.5-3.0 cm from the skin in the treatment group and 4 cm in the control group, 10 min per point, once every other day. Skin temperature was precisely measured with a thermometer during moxibustion. After a 12-week treatment, seven measurements of blood lipids, ET-1, and NO were recorded.

Results

Total cholesterol and triglyceride, were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Serum ET-1 and ET-1/NO was obviously lowered in the treatment group (P<0.001). Moxibustion regulated NO and ET-1/NO in the treatment group much better than in the control group.

Conclusion

Moxibustion can regulate blood lipids and clear blood vessels. Moxibustion at 45°C has a better effect than moxibustion at 38°C on regulating blood lipids and protecting vascular endothelial function, indicating that suitable temperature influences the curative effect of moxibustion.     

针刺对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响及其抗氧化应激机制研究

[目的]观察针刺人迎穴对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压的影响以及体内活性氧(ROS)和一氧化氮(NO)/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)的变化,探讨针刺降压的抗氧化应激机制。[方法]将SHR随机分为针刺组、模型组,以京都Wistar大鼠(WKY)作为血压正常的对照组。针刺组取双侧人迎穴,施以捻转手法,捻转频率为每分钟120~160次,行针1 min,每日针刺1次;模型组和正常组进行与针刺组相同时间、相同程度的捉抓。每天针刺前后测量收缩压和舒张压。针刺4周后,取胸主动脉,用酶联免疫法检测ROS含量,硝酸还原酶法检测NO含量,蛋白印迹法检测e NOS蛋白表达。[结果]针刺4周后SHR收缩压和舒张压均较针刺前降低,均低于模型组,其中以收缩压降低更为明显。SHR胸主动脉的ROS含量高于WKY,而NO含量和e NOS蛋白表达低于WKY(P0.05),针刺后ROS含量明显降低,而NO含量明显升高(P0.05),e NOS蛋白表达亦有升高趋势。[结论]针刺可降低SHR血压,其机制可能与降低ROS和提高NO/e NOS含量,从而提高机体抗氧化能力有关。     

甲基莲心碱与牛磺酸对高血压大鼠血压及糖耐量的影响

 甲基莲心碱１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、牛磺酸１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ１次ｐｏ均有降压作用，两药连续给药７ｄ及１４ｄ的降压作用与给药１ｄ无显著性差别，两药合用的Ｑ值为０．８３，表现为降压作用的相加。甲基莲心碱１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、牛磺酸１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ连续ｉｇ２周（每天１次，ｑｄ），可明显改善肾性高血压大鼠的糖耐量异常，两药合用连续ｉｇ２周（ｑｄ），改善糖耐量的作用不比两药单用更好。     

舒脑欣滴丸对自发性高血压大鼠降压及心肌保护作用研究

目的观察舒脑欣滴丸对自发性高血压(SHR)大鼠的降压及心肌保护作用。方法将SHR大鼠按血压和体质量随机分为模型组、舒脑欣滴丸(800 mg/kg)组和阳性药缬沙坦(1 mg/kg)组。以同龄同种系正常血压的京都种(WKY)大鼠作为对照组,各组ig给药,采用无创血压计测定其血压,给药6周后测定大鼠血清中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的水平,并利用多普勒超声心动检查方法测定左心室质量,利用HE染色观察主动脉和心肌组织形态变化。结果舒脑欣滴丸(800mg/kg)单次给药后,SHR大鼠血压在1h后降到最低,长期给药6周后,可以稳定SHR大鼠的血压;舒脑欣滴丸治疗6周后,大鼠血清中NOS水平显著高于模型组(P0.05),AngⅡ水平显著低于模型组(P0.05),舒脑欣滴丸给药组的左心室质量显著低于模型组(P0.05),且舒脑欣滴丸可改善高血压引起的胸主动脉血管和心肌形态异常。结论舒脑欣滴丸对高血压伴有心肌肥厚大鼠具有一定治疗作用,可作为高血压伴心肌肥厚病症的潜在药物进行研究。     

Effect of Cydonia oblonga Mill. fruit and leaf extracts on blood pressure and blood rheology in renal hypertensive rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Quince, Cydonia oblonga Mill. (COM), is used in traditional Uyghur medicine to treat or prevent cardiovascular diseases. Uyghur people have greater longevity and lower blood pressure than other central Asian populations. We therefore tested COM fruit and leaf extracts on blood pressure and rheology in renal hypertensive rats (RHR).

Materials and methods

Two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renal hypertensive rats were divided randomly into eleven groups: sham, model, and model treated with daily doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg aqueous or ethanol extracts of COM fruit or leaves, or 25 mg/kg captopril (n=10 per group), given orally once daily for 8 weeks. Blood pressure was measured before treatment and every 2 weeks thereafter. Blood rheology was tested after 8 weeks.

Results

Model rats had higher blood pressure than sham 8 weeks after the procedure (systolic blood pressure 193±7 vs. 138±8 mmHg, p<0.05). Those treated with captopril had decreased blood pressure within 2 weeks but that did not return to the level found in the sham group at 8 weeks (167±7, p<0.05 vs. model). With the COM extracts, the effect on blood pressure was notable after 4 weeks. At 8 weeks blood pressure was similar with captopril and with 160 mg ethanol leaf extract (166±4, p<0.05 vs. model), the most effective of the extracts. Model rats had higher blood viscosity and lower erythrocyte deformability than sham. Captopril had little effect on blood rheology; whereas COM extracts reduced whole blood viscosity and improved erythrocyte deformability to levels approaching those found in sham.

Conclusions

COM extracts have antihypertensive activity in renal hypertensive rats. The additional effect on rheology, compared to captopril, may convey added interest. Further studies of these effects in man appear warranted.     

Influence of aqueous extract from Neurada procumbens L. on blood pressure of rats

Neurada procumbens is a desert plant in the Arabian Peninsula. It has been considered edible by Bedouin and has been used traditionally as a medicinal herb. During a screening test of Arabian plants, the aqueous extract of Neurada procumbens increased the blood pressure of anaesthetized normotensive rats when it was administered orally. Further studies proved it elevated the blood pressure of conscious SHR, and produced vasoconstriction on the aortic strips of rats in vitro, which was reduced partially by phentolamine. This study demonstrates that the aqueous extract of the plant has an effect of increasing blood pressure that might be mediated through alpha-adrenergic receptors. Though more investigations are needed to prove its effect in humans, the present study warns that Neurada procumbens might not be so safe as it has been considered, and people, especially those with cardiovascular diseases, should be careful when they use the plant.     

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa, this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats; and to find out the mechanism(s) by which it acts.

Materials and methods

The MLE of Tulbaghia violacea (5–150 mg/kg), angiotensin I human acetate salt hydrate (ang I, 3.1–100 μg/kg), angiotensin II human (ang II, 3.1–50 μg/kg), phenylephrine hydrochloride (phenylephrine, 0.01–0.16 mg/kg) and dobutamine hydrochloride (dobutamine, 0.2–10.0 μg/kg) were infused intravenously, while the BP and HR were measured via a pressure transducer connecting the femoral artery and the Powerlab.

Results

Tulbaghia violacea significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP; and HR dose-dependently. Ang I, ang II, phenylephrine and dobutamine all increased the BP dose-dependently. The hypertensive effect of ang I and the HR-increasing effect of dobutamine were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased by their co-infusion with Tulbaghia violacea (60 mg/kg). However, the co-infusion of ang II or phenylephrine with Tulbaghia violacea (60 mg/kg) did not produce any significant change in BP or HR when compared to the infusion of either agent alone in the same animal.

Conclusions

Tulbaghia violacea reduced BP and HR in the SHR. The reduction in BP may be due to actions of the MLE on the ang I converting enzyme (ACE) and β₁ adrenoceptors.