血清甲状腺球蛋白测定与甲状腺疾病

甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)是自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)的主要自身抗原.各种甲状腺疾病均可出现Tg浓度异常.血清Tg测定对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)复发或转移的诊断和疗效的监测有重要意义.但是Tg的测定受多种因素影响,其中甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)的干扰在临床上最常见.另外,不同甲状腺疾病Tg抗原表位不同,Tg基因多态性与甲状腺疾病也有一定关系.     

血清甲状腺球蛋白测定与甲状腺疾病

甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)是自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)的主要自身抗原.各种甲状腺疾病均可出现Tg浓度异常.血清Tg测定对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)复发或转移的诊断和疗效的监测有重要意义.但是Tg的测定受多种因素影响,其中甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)的干扰在临床上最常见.另外,不同甲状腺疾病Tg抗原表位不同,Tg基因多态性与甲状腺疾病也有一定关系.     

The clinical significance of thyroid hormone-responsive in thyroid carcinoma and its potential regulatory pathway

The study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of thyroid hormone-responsive (THRSP) and explore its relevant pathways in thyroid carcinoma (THCA).The gene expression data of THRSP were obtained and the prognostic significance of THRSP in THCA was analyzed through various bioinformatics databases. Then, the factors influencing THRSP mRNA expression were explored, and the function of THRSP in predicting the lymph node metastasis (LNM) stage was determined. We further performed the enrichment analysis and constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to examine potential regulatory pathways associated with THRSP.THRSP gene expression was significantly increased in THCA compared with the normal tissues. High THRSP mRNA expression had a favorable overall survival (OS) in THCA patients (P < .05). Additionally, the mRNA expression of THRSP was related to stage, histological subtype, and methylation among THCA patients (all P < .05). Besides, THRSP served as a potent predictor in discriminating the LNM stage of thyroid cancer patients. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on THRSP-associated genes, THRSP was positively related to metabolic pathways.The upregulation of THRSP predicted a good OS in THCA patients. Furthermore, THRSP might inhibit THCA progression through positive regulation of metabolism-associated pathways.     

糖尿病住院患者434例甲状腺疾病患病率分析

目的 探讨江苏地区糖尿病患者中甲状腺疾病的现患情况.方法 横向断面调查2006年10月至2007年6月于南京医科大学第一附属医院就诊的长期居住于江苏地区的434例糖尿病患者的甲状腺功能,其中109例患者作了甲状腺超声检查.结果 (1)糖尿病患者合并甲状腺疾病的患病率为23.27%,女性多见(P＜0.05),其中甲状腺功能减退者占16.36%(临床甲减4.15%,亚临床甲减12.21%),明显高于甲状腺功能亢进者6.91%(临床甲亢4.61%,亚临床甲亢2.30%),两者差异有统计学意义.(2)糖尿病患者中,甲状腺功能减退的患病率随患者年龄和糖尿病病程的增加而增加(P＜0.01);甲状腺功能亢进的患病率随糖尿病痛程的增加而降低(P＜0.05),随年龄的增加患病率改变无统计学意义.(3)糖尿病患者中甲状腺结节患病率为40.37%,性别差异无统计学意义,患病率随年龄的增加而增加(P＜0.05),不随糖尿病痛程的增加而增加.结论 糖尿病患者合并甲状腺疾病较常见,可能影响糖尿病患者的病情和预后,筛查和随访糖尿病患者的甲状腺功能及形态学状态具有重要的临床意义.     

细胞因子与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)是最常见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,其中辅助性T细胞(Th)1/Th2细胞因子的动态平衡在维持正常的细胞免疫和体液免疫中起重要作用,一旦这种平衡被打破,将导致AITD的发生.这些细胞因子可以直接影响机体免疫细胞的活性,也可以通过影响甲状腺细胞免疫相关因子的表达,影响AITD的发生、发展,因此对细胞因子在AITD中发生机制的深入研究可为临床诊治提供更充分的理论依据.     

细胞因子与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)是最常见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,其中辅助性T细胞(Th)1/Th2细胞因子的动态平衡在维持正常的细胞免疫和体液免疫中起重要作用,一旦这种平衡被打破,将导致AITD的发生.这些细胞因子可以直接影响机体免疫细胞的活性,也可以通过影响甲状腺细胞免疫相关因子的表达,影响AITD的发生、发展,因此对细胞因子在AITD中发生机制的深入研究可为临床诊治提供更充分的理论依据.     

经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术与传统手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的效果比较

目的比较经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术与传统手术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析136例接受手术治疗的甲状腺良性肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中观察组经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术68例,对照组行传统开放性甲状腺手术68例,对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、切口疼痛、术后并发症、住院时间,住院费用等。结果观察组手术时间长,术中出血量少,引流量少,住院时间短,住院费用高,切口疼痛比例少,并发症发生率低,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访半年,未出现甲状腺功能减退和复发。结论经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术出血量少、住院时间短、疼痛轻、无瘢痕,是一种安全、可靠的手术方式,值得临床推广。     

Molecular pathogenesis of thyroid nodules and cancer

Tumours derived from the thyroid follicular epithelium represent an informative model for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of multistage tumourigenesis, which is the prevailing theory on cancer development and progression nowadays. The early stages of thyroid tumour development appear to be the consequence of the activation or 'de novo' expression of several proto-oncogenes or growth factor receptors, such as ras, ret, NTRK, met, gsp and the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor. Alterations in the expression pattern of these genes are associated with the development of differentiated neoplasms, ranging from benign toxic adenomas (gsp and TSH receptor), to follicular (ras) and papillary (ret/PTC, NTRK, met) carcinomas. They may all be considered to be early events of thyroid cell transformation and, for some, experimental evidence derived from gene transfer studies supports this hypothesis. Alterations in tumour suppressor genes (p53, Rb) are associated instead with the most aggressive and poorly differentiated forms of thyroid cancer, indicating that, in the thyroid tumourigenic process, they represent late genetic events. Specific environmental factors (iodine deficiency, ionizing radiations) have been shown to play a crucial role in promoting the development of thyroid cancer, influencing both its genotypic and phenotypic features. Interestingly, a high percentage of genetic lesions causing thyroid cancer originate from gene rearrangements and chromosomal translocations (ret/PTC, NTRK, Pax-8/PPARgamma) a finding which, being a rare event in most epithelial tumours, makes the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer unique. The uninterrupted flow of information on the molecular genetics of thyroid nodules and cancer will broaden the correlation between genotype and phenotype and will also provide important information for the development of more accurate preoperative diagnostic tools and more efficient treatment choices for the different forms of thyroid cancer.     

青少年甲状腺疾病的特点和管理

青少年甲状腺疾病有其自身的特点,比如甲状腺亢进和甲状腺减退的药物选择、药物剂量、疗程等均与成人不同.药物治疗是青少年甲亢最主要的手段,手术和放疗需要严格掌握适应证.青少年甲状腺相关眼病的病情较轻,常常不需要激素等免疫抑制剂的治疗.青少年甲状腺结节中甲状腺癌的检出率高于成人,青少年分化型甲状腺癌TSH抑制治疗的目标值可以...     

324例分化型甲状腺癌的临床分析

目的探讨分化型甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析324例分化型甲状腺癌的临床资料及随访结果。结果本组病例中,乳头状癌236例(72.84%),滤泡状腺癌88例(27.16%),淋巴结转移者57例(17.59%);手术方式包括单侧病变行患侧腺叶、峡部及对侧大部切除199例,甲状腺全切40例,功能性颈淋巴结清除术62例,姑息性手术或活检7例;术后随访5年,生存率97.53%。结论对于分化型甲状腺癌,应根据临床分期决定手术方式,以提高生存期,改善生活质量。     

The role of thyroid autoantibodies in the development of thyroid dysfunction in Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C patients with interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination therapy

Summary. To investigate the role of thyroid autoantibodies in the development of thyroid dysfunction among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients receiving interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) plus ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy, 95 Taiwanese naïve patients with baseline euthyroidism were enrolled. They were treated with IFN‐α2b, 6 million units thrice weekly, plus RBV 1000–1200 mg daily for 24 weeks. Thyroid function, anti‐thyroglobulin and antiperoxidase autoantibodies were tested at enrolment (M0), at the end‐of‐treatment (M6) and 6 months after end‐of‐treatment (M12). The percentages of thyroid autoantibodies were 8.4%, 11.6% and 9.5%, at M0, M6 and M12 respectively. Fourteen (14.7%) patients developed thyroid dysfunction at M6 or M12. Thyroid dysfunction occurred during treatment in five (62.5%) of the eight patients with baseline thyroid autoantibodies, which was significantly higher than nine (10.3%) of 87 patients without baseline thyroid autoantibodies (P = 0.0001). Among 14 patients who developed thyroid dysfunction, four (80.0%) of five patients with baseline thyroid autoantibodies recovered at M12, in contrast to two (25%) of eight without baseline thyroid autoantibodies recovered at M12 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, thyroid autoantibodies, either occurred before or during IFN‐α plus RBV combination therapy, carry a high prediction of subsequent thyroid dysfunction. There also exists difference in the clinical manifestations of thyroid dysfunction in CHC patients treated with combination therapy.     

Lingual thyroid with severe hypothyroidism: A case report

Introduction:Ectopic thyroid tissue presenting at the base of the tongue, called lingual thyroid, is a clinical rarity. Clinical presentation varies depending upon either the severity of regional symptoms associated with the enlargement of gland size, or the features related to thyroid dysfunction.Patient concerns:We reported a case of a 29-year-old female who presented with symptoms of easy fatigue and depression for 3 months.Diagnosis:After a series of diagnostic workup, the lingual thyroid with severe hypothyroidism was diagnosed.Intervention and outcome:She received conservative treatment with thyroid hormone replacement and the symptoms improved significantly.Lessons:Lingual thyroid is a rare entity that needs careful diagnostic workup including clinical examination, biochemical tests, imaging methods such as ultrasonography, scintigraphy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and fine-needle aspiration cytology to plan the management. Lingual thyroid with hypothyroidism and no neck regional symptoms can be conservatively treated and requires regular follow-up for the prevention of potential risk of malignant transformation.     

细胞因子与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)是最常见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,其中辅助性T细胞(Th)1/Th2细胞因子的动态平衡在维持正常的细胞免疫和体液免疫中起重要作用,一旦这种平衡被打破,将导致AITD的发生.这些细胞因子可以直接影响机体免疫细胞的活性,也可以通过影响甲状腺细胞免疫相关因子的表达,影响AITD的发生、发展,因此对细胞因子在AITD中发生机制的深入研究可为临床诊治提供更充分的理论依据.     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病与骨代谢

甲状腺素对骨骼的生长发育及骨重建过程有着非常重要的作用.甲状腺功能亢进症引起骨量减少,增加骨折风险已经得到公认,而甲状腺功能减退症及亚临床甲状腺疾病与骨量的关系则存在争议.既往对其机制的研究主要着眼于甲状腺素(thyroid hormone,TH)及促甲状腺素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)对骨代谢的影响.自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(autoimmune thyroid disease,AITD)是导致甲状腺功能亢进症或甲状腺功能减退症的最常见病因,随着骨免疫学说的提出,在AITD中免疫因素对骨量的影响,也逐渐成为研究的另一个关注点.本文将从以上3个因素对AITD与骨质疏松的关系进行综述.     

不同放射性活度131I清除分化型甲状腺癌患者残留甲状腺的荟萃分析

目的 使用荟萃分析方法汇总所有的随机对照研究,比较不同放射性活度131I清除术后残留甲状腺(清甲)的成功率,明确最佳的清甲剂量.方法 以‘thyroid’+‘cancer or carcinoma’+‘ablat$’(包括了ablation、ablative和ablate)为关键词检索2014年3月前Cochrane Library、MEDLINE、EMBASE和SCOPUS等数据库评估不同放射性活度”1 I清甲成功率的随机对照研究文献,并用Google学术查找相关文献.用RevMan 5.2进行统计学分析,依据Cochrane质量评价标准进行文献质量评估.纳入标准如下:(1)已发表的比较不同剂量131I对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)清甲成功率的研究.(2)患者均行甲状腺切除术.(3)均为术后首次131I治疗.(4)服131I后3～12个月行清甲成功率评估.(5)服131I剂量为888 ～4 440 MBq(24～120 mCi).本研究定义低剂量为888～1 443 MBq(24～39 mCi)、中剂量为1 480～2 923 MBq(40 ～79 mCi)、高剂量为2 960～4 440 MBq(80～120 mCi).当研究间存在异质性时(I2＞50％)、采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析,否则采用固定效应模型进行荟萃分析.结果 共纳入17个随机对照研究,包括3 737例患者(低剂量1 514例、中剂量811例、高剂量1 412例).5项研究比较了低剂量与中剂量的成功率,研究间有异质性(I2 =67％,P=0.02)、采用随机效应模型,荟萃分析结果显示两组的清甲成功率差异无统计学意义[风险比(RR) =0.89(0.80～1.00),P=0.06].7项研究比较了中剂量与高剂量的成功率,研究间无异质性(I2=34％,P=0.17),采用固定效应模型,荟萃分析结果显示两组剂量的清甲成功率差异无统计学意义[RR =0.94(0.89～1.00),P=0.05].11项研究比较了低剂量与高剂量的成功率,研究间有异质性(I2=70％,P=0.0002),采用随机效应模型,荟萃分析结果显示高剂量的清甲成功率显著高于低剂量[RR=0.89(0.81 ～0.97),P=0.008].结论 对于术后DTC患者,低剂量与中剂量131I以及中剂量与高剂量131I的清甲成功率无明显差异,但高剂量131I的清甲成功率显著高于低剂量.