创建基本现代化医院的实践与探索

建设基本现代化医院是卫生体制改革深化和卫生事业发展的必然要求,内容包括:服务观念现代化、设施装备现代化、医疗技术现代化、医疗队伍现代化、医院管理现代化.重点是医疗服务、人才队伍、综合质量、医院管理现代化.2002年底我院作为江苏省卫生系统首次试评的4家医院之一,进行了基本现代化医院的试评.针对创建中的有关问题及对考评指标的认识,作者提出一些看法和建议.……     

浅论我院医疗设备管理与维护

随着我国社会主义现代化建设步伐加快。医疗服务事业得到了空前的发展，医院规模迅速扩大，医院面貌日新月异，医疗技术突飞猛进，各种高精尖设备广泛应用。因为医疗设备的配置合理性和安全性，是关系到医院的诊疗质量，又是医院现代化程度的重要标志，     

运用项目管理原理推动医院医疗技术升级

军队医院创新能力的提升关系到医院工作全局,关系医院建设的长远发展,对于建设具有军队特色的创新型现代化医院具有重要的现实意义。本文从军队医院医疗技术的种类着手,利用项目管理的理论与方法,以提升通用医疗技术、常规医疗技术、特色与重大医疗技术为主线,创新医院医疗技术管理方法,推动医院整体医疗技术升级。     

浅谈医院物资管理与医院现代化建设

加强医用物资管理是建设现代化医院和适应医疗市场竞争的需要。随着改革开放和外向型经济的不断发展,人民群众的生活水平不断提高,人民群众对医院的需求已从单一的服务态度、医疗技术扩大到对医院的医疗环境、基础设施、医疗装备的需要,尤其是现代医学的发展、科学技术的进步,有些疑难杂症的确诊必须通过先进的医疗仪器设备作为诊断的依据。医疗市场的需求直接影响到医院的资源配置,没有一定的物质基础、良好的医疗技术和设备,就谈不上救死扶伤,治病救人,那么就不能实现它最基本的宗旨,更谈不上医院现代化。现代化医院不但要拥有一支高素质…     

医院普法教育的实践与体会

普法教育是促进公民法律观念现代化的一项基础性工程.医院的普法教育,是与医院的医疗业务,尤其是医疗质量与安全密切相关.医疗安全是医疗服务和后勤保障服务最基本的要求,在推进医疗安全持续改进的进程中,通过医院普法教育,促使医护人员从法律的视角去认识医疗实践的本质与伦理要求,依法行医、依法防治、依法处理纠纷等,全面提高医务人员法律和安全意识,促进医疗质量与安全持续改进,推动医患关系和医院建设和谐发展.     

新时期军事斗争卫勤准备的任务与要求

文章从新军事变革要求卫勤全面转型、军事斗争要求卫勤加快保障能力建设、军队现代化建设要求深化军队卫生工作改革、反恐及应付突发公共卫生事件成为军队卫勤基本任务、保障打赢信息化战争需要卫勤信息化、战斗力发展要求建立新军人健康观和医疗观等六个方面全面分析了新时期军队卫勤发展环境背景；同时，从联勤医院的保障对象和保障方式，战时医院基本任务，在反恐和突发公共卫生事件中军队医院的任务，在卫勤保障一体化中军队医院的任务，创新发展强健医学、急救医学、创伤医学、“三防”临床医学成为军队医院的重要任务等五个方面阐述了军队医院任务的拓展；并且，提出了新时期军事斗争准备对医院的基本要求，即：加快培养联勤医护人员，提高战伤救治效率，组织装备模块化，加快医院与部队预防-医疗-保健“一体化”进程，加快医院信息化建设，以及加强康复治疗、军事作业医学和核化损伤救治研究。     

浅谈提高医护人员医学工程知识水平的重要性

<正> 医学技术发展到今天,医疗设备在医疗工作中的作用已变得如此重要,以至于和人才、管理并列为现代化医院建设的三大支柱.先进的医疗设备是医疗技术的保障,可以说今天的医护工作已无法离开医疗设备了.一座现代化的医院,其医疗设备的资产应该占其全部固定资产的一半以上.如何充分发挥这些医疗设备的作用,除了要依靠高素质的医院工程技术人员外,更多的要靠医护人员.因为从目前我们国家的实际情况来看,医疗设备尤其是一些基本设备的使用人员大多数为医护人员.只有全面提高医护人员的医学工程知识水平,才能保障医疗设备充分发挥效益,更     

医院文化建设之我见

医院文化建设是社会和患者对医院服务水平、人员素质、医疗技术和就医环境的综合评价，是医院建设和发展的重要资源和宝贵财富，反映了医院的综合实力，展现了职工的精神风貌。它在医院现代化发展过程中起着至关重要的作用。为适应当前激烈的医疗市场竞争，加快医院的改革与发展，必须从树立“以病人为中心”的服务理念，实行“人文化”的管理理念，强化管理，完善制度建设，引入竞争激励机制，努力建设高素质的职工队伍，开展环境形象建设等方面着手，进一步加强医院文化建设。     

一体化网络在骨科工作中的应用

随着现代化医院及医疗信息系统建设的不断深入,医院信息化在医疗行业发展中起着越来越积极的作用。自2006年高淳县人民医院成为基本现代化医院,逐步建成了医学影像存储与传输系统（picture archiving and communication syst em,PACS）,放射学信息系统（radiology informationsystems,     

浅谈国外医院管理

我国现行的医院管理模式已不能适应我国经济社会的快速发展。与国外医院相比较，我国医疗的管理水平还是比较低下的。文章从组织管理、医疗管理等六个方面对国外医疗的先进管理模式进行了简要介绍，希望对提高我国医院的管理水平加快医院的现代化建设有所帮助。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.