胃癌细胞PTEN甲基化与其表达的相关性

目的:探讨胃癌细胞PTEN基因启动子区域甲基化与其mRNA表达的关系.方法:采用甲基化特异性PCR法(MSP)检测四种胃癌细胞系SGC-7901(中度分化)、BGC-823(低度分化细胞)、MGC-803(低度分化细胞)、HGC-27中PTEN基因甲基化状态,RT-PCR检测四种胃癌细胞系PTEN表达水平(未分化).结果:HGC-27、MGC-803、BGC-823细胞系可检测到PTEN基因启动子的甲基化,SGC-7901细胞未检测到甲基化,甲基化水平的顺序依次为:HGC-27最高(138.217±7.898,P<0.01),MGC-803、BGC-823次之(P>0.05).PTENmRNA表达水平的依次顺序为:SGC-7901最高(0.336±0.079,P<0.01),BGC-823、MGC-803次之(P>0.05),HGC-27表达水平最低(0.113±0.047,P<0.05),其表达水平随着其启动子区甲基化水平增高而降低.PTENmRNA表达及其启动子甲基化水平还与胃癌细胞分化程度相关.结论:胃癌细胞PTEN基因启动子区域出现异常甲基化,可能是导致其mRNA表达异常的主要原因,也可能是导致胃癌发生、发展的重要机制之一.     

抗Fas mAb和IFN联合诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的观察联合应用抗Fas单克隆抗体(mAb)和干扰素-γ(IFNγ)诱导人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞凋亡,并探讨其在胃癌治疗中的意义.方法应用细胞形态观察、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、流式细胞光度术检测抗Fas mAb,IFN-γ单独及联合应用诱导的人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞凋亡,并应用流式细胞光度术检测IFN-γ对人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞表达Fas抗原的影响.结果抗Fas mAb显著诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡(19.3%),细胞DNA裂解片段呈现典型的"阶梯状"排列的条带.联合应用抗Fas mAb和IFN-γ处理人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞凋亡率(29.4%)显著高于对照组、IFN-γ及抗Fas mAb处理组(1.2%,1.9%,19.3%,t=17.345,17.276,5.425,P＜0.01及P＜0.05).IFN-γ处理组人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞Fas抗原的表达阳性细胞数(59.3%)显著高于对照组(27.1%,t=12.995,P＜0.05),抗Fas mAb诱导SGG7901细胞凋亡的敏感性与Fas抗原的表达水平显著相关.结论抗Fas mAb可以诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡.联合应用抗FasmAb和IFN-γ具有协同诱导人胃癌细胞凋亡的作用,其机制可能与干扰素-γ显著上调人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞Fas抗原的表达水平有关.     

β-arrestin1在胃癌细胞BGC-823中的生物学功能

目的 探讨β-arrestin1对胃癌细胞BGC-823增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡能力的影响.方法 用实时定量PCR技术及Western印迹法检测人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES和人胃癌细胞株BGC-823、MKN-28、SGC-7901中β-arrestin1的表达水平.应用RNA干扰技术构建稳定干扰β-arrestin1和阴性对照组(pU6空载体)的BGC-823细胞株.进一步应用细胞计数法、划痕实验、Transwell小室实验及流式细胞术分析干扰β-arrestin1和阴性对照组的BGC-823细胞株的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力及凋亡水平的变化.统计学处理采用t检验.结果 β-arrestin1在GES表达量为0.001±0.001,MKN-28表达量为0.002±0.000,SGC-7901表达量为0.003±0.002,BGC-823中表达量为0.005±0.000.干扰β-arrestin1和阴性对照的BGC-823细胞增殖抑制率分别为-30.2％和100.0％.迁移能力受到抑制,穿过基质膜细胞数分别为126.25±3.24和213.50±6.27(t=0.000,P＜0.01),凋亡率为(41.350±1.053)％和(11.497±0.589)％(t=0.015,P＜0.05).结论 β-arrestin1在胃癌细胞中高水平表达,并且随着胃癌细胞恶性度增高而表达量增加,在BGC-823细胞中干扰β-arrestin1后能抑制细胞的生长、迁移、侵袭,并提高凋亡水平.     

大蒜素对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901及BGC-823 G2/M期的阻滞调节机制

目的:研究大蒜素对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901及BGC-823G2/M期阻滞作用及其调节机制.方法:应用MTT法测定大蒜素对人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901和BGC-823细胞增殖抑制率及72h的IC50.通过流式细胞仪检测IC50浓度的大蒜素对SGC-7901和BGC-823细胞周期的影响.应用免疫组化染色检测大蒜素作用前后SGC-7901和BGC-823细胞CDC2和CyclinB蛋白表达.结果:不同浓度的大蒜素可以抑制人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901和BGC-823的增殖,且随着大蒜素浓度的增大,抑制率逐渐增高.大蒜素抑制SGC-7901细胞增殖50%的药物浓度(IC50):72h为23mg/L;大蒜素抑制BGC-823细胞增殖50%的药物浓度(IC50):72h为35mg/L.大蒜素作用于两种细胞,其细胞周期均发生了明显的变化,主要表现为G0/G1期细胞减少,G2/M期细胞增多(SGC-7901细胞24,48hvs对照:26.47±2.54%,28.88±2.75%vs24.30±2.74%,P<0.01;BGC-823细胞24,48hvs对照:22.78±1.45%,24.87±1.61%vs20.32±1.34%,P<0.01),S期细胞无明显变化.未经大蒜素处理的两种细胞,CDC2和CyclinB蛋白表达均为阳性,大蒜素处理后,CDC2和CyclinB蛋白表达下降.SGC-7901细胞经23mg/L大蒜素处理后,CDC2蛋白相对阳性表达率为87.2%;CyclinB蛋白相对阳性表达率为59.3%.BGC-823细胞CDC2蛋白在35mg/L大蒜素作用后,相对阳性表达率为84.4%;CyclinB蛋白相对阳性表达率为62.8%,与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:大蒜素使人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901和BGC-823停滞于G2/M期,其机制是通过CDC2和CyclinB蛋白表达下降实现的.     

microRNA-433在胃癌组织中的表达下降及对胃癌细胞系生长的影响

目的:探讨胃癌组织中microRNA-433表达差异以及其可能下调的机制,及在低表达microRNA-433胃癌细胞系中提升其表达的量对细胞生长的影响.方法:取胃癌组织及其正常癌旁组织43例,实时定量检测两者表达差异,并结合病例分析.使用1、5、10mol/L5-Aza-CdR干预胃癌SGC-7901细胞,检测每组microRNA-433的表达变化.转染microRNA-433mimics进入SGC-7901细胞,用流式细胞术检测细胞增殖凋亡情况.结果:胃癌组织相对其正常癌旁组织,microRNA-433表达量明显减低,差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.05),microRNA-433表达与性别、分化、年龄无明显关系(P>0.05),同肿瘤分期有统计学意义(P<0.05).胃癌细胞系SGC-7901中microRNA-433的表达相对于正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1明显减低.SGC-7901细胞通过甲基化酶抑制剂5-Aza-CdR以浓度1、5、10mol/L处理5d之后,分别检测microRNA-433的表达,相对未处理组,其表达均有上升并且呈现出剂量依赖性.将microRNA-433mimics转染至SGC-7901中提高其表达,通过流式细胞术检测发现,相比未处理组,提高表达后肿瘤细胞凋亡率上升,具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:microRNA-433在胃癌组织中表达减低,并且同肿瘤分期有关.使用5-Aza-CdR作用SGC-7901肿瘤细胞系后,microRNA-433的表达明显上升.其表达下调的机制可能是由于前端启动子区域高甲基化造成,转染提升肿瘤细胞中microRNA-433的表达,可以促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡.microRNA-433具有潜在的抑癌作用.     

Cullin1蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究Cullin1在胃癌细胞及胃癌组织中的表达,并分析Cullin1、临床分期与患者生存率之间的相关性.方法:采用Western blot法检测SGC-7901、BGC-823胃癌细胞与正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1中、胃癌组织与癌旁组织中Cullin1蛋白表达差异.我们利用已经构建的胃癌数据库,采用免疫组织化学法检测792例胃癌组织中Cullin1表达.结果:我们研究发现,SGC-7901、BGC-823胃癌细胞中Cullin1表达水平均高于胃上皮细胞株GES-1(P<0.01).胃癌组织中Cullin1蛋白表达水平均高于癌旁组织(P<0.01).Cullin1过表达与胃癌TNM分期(P=0.011)、浸润深度(P=0.035,T1-T3与T4)及淋巴结转移(P=0.036)显著相关.此外,我们发现Cullin1的高表达与胃癌患者较差的总生存时间及3年生存率明显相关(P=0.042,0.026).Cox回归分析显示,Cullin1表达是胃癌患者3年生存率的一个独立的预后因子(P=0.028).结论:我们的数据表明,Cullin1可作为胃癌淋巴结转移、预后以及潜在治疗的一个重要标志和研究目标.     

miR-1180在胃癌中的表达及其对胃癌增殖、凋亡的影响

目的研究miR-1180在胃腺癌组织及胃癌细胞系中的表达及其对胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响,探讨miR-1180在胃癌中可能的作用机制。方法应用qRT-PCR检测58例胃腺癌及20例癌旁正常组织中miR-1180的表达,分析其表达与胃腺癌临床病理特征的关系。检测miR-1180在胃癌细胞系中的表达,慢病毒干扰技术下调SGC-7901中miR-1180的表达,检测下调后对SGC-7901增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响。结果与癌旁正常组织比较,58例胃腺癌组织中miR-1180的表达明显增加(t=16.463,P=0.000),miR-1180的表达与患者的肿瘤大小、TNM分期及淋巴结转移有关(P均<0.05)。miR-1180在胃癌细胞系中表达升高(P=0.000),下调SGC-7901中miR-1180的表达,可见细胞增殖减少(3113±74 vs 1673±51,P=0.000),凋亡增加(4.313±0.220 vs 7.717±0.125,P=0.000);细胞周期G 1期细胞明显增加(45.89±0.33 vs 60.44±0.390,P=0.000),S期细胞明显减少(35.523±0.354 vs 21.953±0.444,P=0.000),G 2期细胞变化不大(18.587±0.672 vs 17.603±0.731,P=0.162)。结论miR-1180的表达促进胃癌的进展,胃癌中miR-1180的高表达与预后不良有关。     

侧群细胞在胃癌细胞株中的分布及其致瘤特性

目的 研究侧群细胞的致瘤特性及其在胃癌细胞株和胃癌组织中的分布.方法 用荧光激活细胞分选法分析SGC-7901、MKN28和BGC-823三种胃癌细胞株中的侧群细胞.取36只裸鼠,分为6组,将SOC-7901分离出的侧群细胞和非侧群细胞分别以每只500、5000、50 000的数量接种到裸鼠皮下,8周后观察成瘤情况.实时定量PCR检测胃癌组织和胃癌细胞株中三磷酸腺苷结合转运蛋白超家族成员G2(ABCG2)mRNA的表达,免疫组化法检测胃癌组织中ABCG2蛋白的表达.结果 SGC-7901细胞株中侧群细胞比例为1.0%,BGC-823为1.3%,MKN28则为阴性.从SGC-7901中分离的侧群细胞最少可成瘤细胞数是500/只,非侧群细胞为50000/只.胃癌细胞株SGC-7901和BGC-823的ABCG2 mRNA相对量高于MKN28(分别为0.162、0.096和0.005).ABCG2 mRNA和蛋白在胃癌和胃炎组织中有不同程度的表达.结论 胃癌细胞株侧群细胞的致瘤能力明显强于非侧群细胞.在胃癌组织和部分胃炎组织中检测到ABCG2的表达,在胃癌细胞株中侧群细胞比例高的细胞株ABCG2表达高.     

胃癌细胞多药耐药相关基因的表达与其侵袭转移能力的相关性研究

目的探讨胃癌细胞株BGC-823、SGC-7901的多药耐药相关基因的表达与其侵袭转移能力的关系。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测胃癌细胞株BGC-823、SGC-7901的多药耐药相关基因(包括ABCB1、MMP2、CDH1、CD44)的mRNA表达水平。采用细胞划痕实验、Transwell迁徙实验评价两株胃癌细胞的侵袭转移能力,进而探讨胃癌细胞多药耐药相关基因的表达与侵袭转移能力的关系。结果荧光定量PCR实验发现胃癌细胞株BGC-823的ABCB1、CDH1、CD44基因表达较SGC-7901高,而MMP2基因的表达在SGC-7901中较高。细胞划痕实验及Transwell迁徙实验显示胃癌细胞株BGC-823的迁徙能力比SGC-7901强。结论胃癌细胞的多药耐药与侵袭转移有一定的关系,CD44的高表达在胃癌细胞的侵袭转移中可能起主要作用。     

转化生长因子β1与胃癌细胞BAX表达的关系

目的研究转化生长因子(TGF)β1对胃癌细胞原癌蛋白BAX表达的影响.方法TGF-β1作用于人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901,48h后收集细胞爬片,用SABC免疫组化法检测BAX在胃癌细胞中的表达并作图像分析以获得量化指标.结果胃癌细胞中BAX的表达在TGF-β1实验组较对照组增加,定量光密度值为实验组120.771±0.306,对照组110.346±0.178,两者有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论原癌蛋白BAX在TGF-β1抑制胃癌细胞系SGC-7901生长的过程中起一定作用.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.