腹部闭合性损伤的CT诊断(附50例分析)

目的:探讨腹部闭合性损伤的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法:收集我院50例腹部闭合性损伤患者的临床资料及CT资料进行回顾性分析,重点分析损伤脏器的CT表现及其诊断价值,同时对CT检查技术进行总结。结果:CT扫描发现腹部实质性脏器损伤41例,其中肝、脾、肾及胰损伤分别为10,23,7,1例。空腔脏器损伤3例,其中十二指肠损伤2例、膀胱破裂1例。多脏器损伤4例,腹后壁损伤2例。扫描结果可清楚地显示脏器损伤及其并发出血的程度和范围,对于后腹膜腔、腹壁及骨骼等的损伤,CT检查具有独到之处。结论:CT能迅速、准确、有效且无创伤地检出腹部脏器的损伤及其程度,为临床治疗方案的选择提供重要依据。     

儿童腹部钝伤CT

CT是儿童腹部钝伤后发现腹部损伤最常使用的影像检查方法。它能确定损伤的存在和范围。作者报告5年中615例腹部钝伤的儿童CT扫描体会。全部儿童作平扫和以3ml/kg的43%Conray团注增强检查,除临床明显怀疑有胃肠道损伤而增强CT扫描未显示病变,为发现病变位置可使用胃     

全腹部64层螺旋 CT 增强扫描对腹部实质脏器损伤的诊断价值

目的回顾性分析全腹部64层螺旋CT(MSCT)增强扫描对创伤所致腹部脏器损伤的诊断价值。方法对2008～2011年到我院就诊的63例有外伤史的患者进行全腹部MSCT增强扫描。患者先行平扫,再经肘正中静脉团注对比剂,延迟25S扫描,得到动脉期图像,再延迟50S得到静脉期图像,扫描范围为肺下部到耻骨联合下缘。结果 63例中腹部脏器损伤共83个。MSCT平扫发现损伤脏器表现为低密度影21例,混杂密度影35例,等密度影25例,高密度影2例。25例等密度影表现者MSCT平扫漏诊,在增强扫描后,其损伤部位和范围均得到明确显示;其余58例增强扫描后损伤部位的轮廓更加清晰,范围更加明确。脏器的其他损伤表现包括:脏器增大或增粗(6例)、包膜不光整(5例)、包膜下血肿(等密度7例、高密度7例、低密度2例、混杂密度1例)、造影剂外漏4例。63例中,45例为单个腹部实质脏器损伤,其中有41例行手术治疗;18例为复合脏器损伤,其中有14例行手术治疗,其术前CT诊断与手术符合率均达100%。结论全腹部MSCT增强扫描对创伤所致腹部脏器损伤的诊断具有显著优势,是腹部实质脏器损伤CT平扫的有效补充,可以作为腹部损伤的常规检查方法使用。     

钝性脾损伤的CT表现及诊断价值

脾损伤在腹部外伤中最常见,占腹部外伤的1/ 4。CT检查不仅对确定脾损伤的存在、范围具有高度敏感性和准确性,还能发现合并其他脏器损伤,为临床适时手术或保守治疗提供重要依据。笔者回顾性分析本院1992年6月～2 0 0 3年8月98例钝性脾损伤的CT表现、特点及诊断价值,报告如下。1　资料与方法本组98例,男6 7例,女31例,年龄17～6 5岁,平均32 .5岁。其中车祸伤6 4例,击打伤2 7例,跌伤7例。临床表现弥漫性腹痛6 3例,腹膜刺激征5 8例,压痛93例,脾大15例,休克2 3例。采用日立W5 5 0型全身CT扫描仪,层厚5～10mm ,间隔5～10mm ,12 0kV ,90mA ,扫描…     

闭合性腹部外伤致肠系膜损伤的CT影像价值

目的 探讨肠系膜损伤的CT表现.方法 回顾性分析28例因外伤所致肠系膜损伤患者的CT资料,26例经手术证实,2例保守治疗.结果 CT扫描发现单纯性肠系膜损伤5例,合并其他脏器多发性损伤23例;术前CT诊断为肠系膜损伤仅18例,漏诊率为36%.结论 多层螺旋CT扫描是诊断急性肠系膜损伤的重要方法.     

闭合性胰腺外伤的螺旋CT诊断及随访观察

胰腺是人体第二大消化腺,横位于胃后方的腹腔上部,属腹膜后位器官,由于位置偏后,损伤较少见,尤其是外伤时常伴有多脏器损伤,病情危重,缺乏胰腺损伤的特异体征,临床易于漏诊和误诊。本文收集2003年以来两家医院经手术证实的8例胰腺外伤患者的临床及CT资料,探讨螺旋CT及CT随访对闭合性胰腺外伤的临床应用价值。1资料与方法1·1一般资料收集两家医院2003年以来收治的胰腺外伤患者共8例,均经手术证实。其中男7例,女1例;年龄28~49岁,平均39·6岁。均为闭合性损伤,其中车祸伤5例,击打伤2例,重物砸伤1例。所有患者均在外伤后6 h以内进行急诊螺旋…     

CT增强延时扫描在肾损伤诊断中的价值

目的：探讨CT增强延时扫描对肾损伤诊断的临床价值。方法：对9例肾损伤病人行螺旋CT普通扫描、增强扫描和增强延时扫描。结果：CT普通扫描显示肾轮廓不规则5例，肾包膜下血肿3例，肾周积血2例。CT增强扫描和延时扫描不仅显示普通扫描所见，而且显示外伤性假性动脉瘤形成1例，肾收集系统损伤导致尿外瘘2例，肾皮质穿通伤伴局限性肾包膜下陈旧积血1例，肾皮质裂伤1例，肾积水破裂导致腹腔积液1例。结论：CT增强延时扫描在肾损伤，尤其是收集系统损伤的诊断中很有价值。     

闭合性腹部外伤的CT诊断价值（附85例分析）

目的:评价CT检查对闭合性腹部外伤的诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析85例闭合性腹部外伤的CT表现.结果:闭合性腹部外伤以实质性脏器为多,脾损伤45例、肾损伤20例、肝损伤12例、复合伤 7例、外伤性膈疝1例.其中外伤后肝癌破裂出血1例.平扫加增强45 例.结论:CT扫描可对闭合性腹部外伤作出正确诊断,并为临床治疗提供重要信息.     

腹部脏器损伤的CT诊断

目的：介绍腹部实质性脏器损伤中的CT诊断作用及其表现。材料和方法：42例腹壁损伤合并内脏损伤者，其中30例为单一脏器损伤，12例为多脏器损伤。受伤脏器分别为脾15例、肝8例、肾7例、胰2例．全部病例均在受伤后8小时内进行CT平扫检查。结果：CT易发现腹内实质脏器不同类型破裂和不同程度出血。对并发的腹壁、腹腔及后腹膜腔、脊柱、肋骨等损伤也能同时检出。结论：CT对腹部实质性脏器损伤是一种高效、迅速、方便、准确的检查方法，对确定手术方案更是必须的。     

闭合性肾脏损伤的多层螺旋CT诊断分型探讨

目的总结闭合性肾损伤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)征象,并评价MSCT分型的临床意义。方法 58例闭合性肾损伤患者于外伤后1 h～4 d内均经腹部常规多层螺旋CT扫描,其中32例又经对比增强CT扫描。所有患者中肾损伤的严重程度、血肿或渗出性病变的累及范围以及邻近脏器伴发性损伤,是由3位经验丰富的放射学医师协同评价的。结果根据肾损伤部位、程度和范围可将其MSCT表现分为下述5型:Ⅰ型,包膜下血肿(8例);Ⅱ型,肾实质局灶性挫伤(16例);Ⅲ型,肾实质挫裂伤伴肾周间隙血肿(19例);Ⅳ型,肾实质粉碎伤伴肾筋膜外血肿(13例);Ⅴ型,肾蒂撕裂伤(2例)。肾损伤的分级愈高,邻近脏器伴发性损伤比例愈大。结论 MSCT能清楚显示肾损伤的部位、范围、严重程度以及邻近脏器伴发性损伤,而MSCT分型能为临床选择治疗方案提供重要依据。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.