无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭疗效观察

目的 探讨无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭的临床疗效.方法 对32例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭患者予以内科常规治疗,在此基础上联合无创正压通气辅助治疗.观察并分析治疗前及治疗24 h后的血气分析及呼吸频率、心率变化.结果 治疗后87.50%的患者临床症状改善,12.50%的患者病情加重;与治疗前比较,治疗24 h后PH值、动脉血氧分压显著升高,动脉血二氧化碳分压、呼吸频率、心率显著下降,差异均有极显著性(P＜0.01).结论 早期应用无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭疗效显著.     

清热化痰通腑方联合无创间歇正压通气治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效评价

目的:探讨清热化痰通腑方联合无创间歇正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效。方法:选取2017年1月～2019年1月收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者82例,依据治疗方案不同分为参照组和研究组各41例。在常规西药治疗基础上,参照组采用无创间歇正压通气治疗,研究组采用清热化痰通腑方联合无创间歇正压通气治疗。比较两组治疗效果、血气分析指标。结果:研究组治疗总有效率高于参照组(P0.05);治疗后研究组动脉血二氧化碳分压低于参照组,动脉血氧分压、动脉血氧饱和度高于参照组(P0.05)。结论:清热化痰通腑方联合无创间歇正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效显著,可有效改善肺部通气、换气功能。     

无创正压通气治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭

目的 探讨无创正压通气(NIPPV)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者治疗中的有效性和安全性.方法 对51例AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的住院患者进行经鼻或口鼻面罩的无创正压通气治疗,通过观察患者通气前后的动脉血气(pH、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2)及呼吸频率的变化判断临床疗效.结果 51例AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者中,42例经过无创正压通气治疗,动脉血气、呼吸频率指标得到改善:PaCO2和呼吸频率明显降低,PaO2、pH、SaO2明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 无创正压通气可以改善AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的生命体征及动脉血气指标,帮助此类患者减轻呼吸肌疲劳,防止呼吸衰竭进一步加重,并减少气管插管率.无创正压通气是治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者经济有效的方法.     

无创双水平正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭30例疗效观察

目的:观察无创双水平正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床效果.方法:慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者30例,在常规抗感染、解痉平喘、止咳化痰治疗基础上,应用无创双水平正压通气辅助治疗,观察通气治疗24 h时pH、心率、呼吸、动脉血氧分压、动脉血二氧化碳分压、动脉血氧饱和度水平,并与通气治疗前比较.结果:好转28例(93.3%).通气治疗后动脉血氧分压、动脉血氧饱和度较治疗前上升(P<0.05),动脉血二氧化碳分压较治疗前下降(P<0.05).2例无效改行有创通气.结论:无创双水平正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效满意.     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭

目的观察无创正压通气(NPPV)在治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者中的临床疗效。方法治疗组42例AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者在常规治疗的基础上进行NPPV治疗,对照组40例仅给予常规治疗(抗炎、解痉、吸氧等);观察血气指标、心率、血压、呼吸频率及住院时间的变化。结果治疗组和对照组在治疗后动脉血气pH值、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、心率和呼吸频率与治疗前比较均有明显改善。治疗组在降低PaCO2、呼吸频率和提高PaO2方面比对照组效果更明显。结论NPPV治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭能更有效地降低PaCO2、呼吸频率,提高PaO2,缩短住院时间。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭应用无创正压通气治疗的效果观察

目的对临床上慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者应用无创正压通气治疗的效果进行观察,为慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭疾病的临床治疗提供理论依据。方法选择2014年2月至2015年4月慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者40例,随机分成观察组与对照组。对照组进行气管插管有创通气,观察组进行无创正压通气。观察患者通气前后30 min以及通气后48 h血气指标的改善情况,记录两组患者的住院时间。结果通气30 min后观察组动脉血氧分压明显高于对照组,动脉血二氧化碳分压明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组通气48 h后动脉血氧分压和动脉血二氧化碳分压与对照组通气48 h后相比差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组住院时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭应用无创正压通气具有无创性且不良反应较少,故在临床应用上更加安全、灵活,更加容易让患者与家属所接受,而且降低了插管率,降低呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率,有利于改善患者呼吸状况及其康复。     

多索茶碱注射液联合无创正压通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并2型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果

目的：探讨多索茶碱注射液联合无创正压通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并2型呼吸衰竭中的应用效果。方法：选取2018年1月~2019年6月收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并2型呼吸衰竭患者60例作为研究对象,以随机数字表分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组行BiPAP无创正压通气治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用多索茶碱治疗。比较两组生理指标、血气指标及疗效。结果：治疗7 d后,观察组心率、呼吸频率和动脉血二氧化碳分压均较治疗前明显降低,而动脉血氧分压、pH值明显增高（P＜0.05）,对照组上述各指标呈相同的变化趋势,但仅心率、呼吸频率、动脉血二氧化碳分压与治疗前比较有显著差异（P＜0.05）。观察组治疗7 d后心率、呼吸频率、动脉血二氧化碳分压略低于对照组,pH值、动脉血氧分压略高于对照组,但均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：多索茶碱联合无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并2型呼吸衰竭具有较为理想的临床疗效,能改善患者的预后,降低患者的病死率。     

无创正压通气治疗AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

目的探讨无创正压通气（NIPPV）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重（AECOPD）并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法102例AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分成观察组及对照组,对照组仅行常规药物治疗,观察组在常规药物治疗的基础上加用无创正压通气治疗。比较治疗开始2h、24h、48h两组同期血气指标、血压、呼吸频率、心率的变化。结果观察组患者血气分析及临床指标的改善显著优于对照组（P均〈0．05）。结论无创正压通气对AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效显著。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效观察

目的观察无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法COPD急性发作期合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者28例,予以常规治疗和无创正压通气治疗,监测治疗前和治疗后4、24、72 h血气参数和心率,呼吸频率变化。结果28例中26例进行无创正压通气治疗;18例意识障碍患者中16例神志转为清楚。无创正压通气治疗72 h后,26例患者血气参数均明显好转,心率、呼吸频率均明显减慢。结论无创正压通气治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效确切。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的护理

目的探讨无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的护理措施。方法回顾性分析2006年1月-2008年12月使用无创正压通气治疗合并呼吸衰竭的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床资料,比较其使用呼吸机前后的症状、舒适性、体温、心率及血气分析的变化。结果使用无创正压通气治疗后患者症状改善,无明显不适感,体温、心率趋于平稳,缺氧、高碳酸血症得到明显改善。结论无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭易于护理,效果显著。     

Mechanical ventilation in children with acute respiratory failure

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation continues to contribute to mortality and affect long-term functional outcomes in patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). Studies in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) far outnumber those conducted in the pediatric age group, and pediatric intensivists are left with the task of carefully selecting and critically appraising relevant adult data and extrapolating results to their domain of practice. RECENT FINDINGS: The recent ARDSNet study reinforces the use of low tidal volumes. Administration of surfactant is safe, but once again its beneficial effect was not sustained in a randomized trial. Surfactant proteins A and D have been shown to be of prognostic value in cases of acute lung injury. The effect of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in patients with ARDS can be enhanced by aggressive lung recruitment strategies such as can be achieved using high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). A recent adult trial shows good response rates but no significant long-term outcome benefit from prone positioning in patients with ARDS. Routine scheduled assessments of readiness for weaning and extubation may be more important than specific weaning modes and weaning criteria for children. A recent meta-analysis suggests that prophylactic dexamethasone use may decrease postextubation stridor and possibly reduce the need for reintubation in selected patients. Outcome data in children requiring mechanical support is encouraging, especially for high-risk groups such as bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients, and may guide ethically challenging decision-making for these patients. SUMMARY: Mechanical ventilation strategies aiming for optimal alveolar recruitment with the judicious use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and low tidal volumes will remain the mainstay for managing respiratory failure in children. Dexamethasone may prevent postextubation stridor. Prone positioning, surfactant therapy, HFOV, and inhaled NO are used sporadically and need to be evaluated for their effect on mortality and duration of ventilation.     

Protective ventilation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

In a recent issue of the British Journal of Anaesthesia, Moloney and Griffiths reviewed clinically pertinent issues surrounding the management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patient, particularly as it pertains to the treatment of ventilator induced/associated lung injury (VILI). In addition to highlighting the important observations that have contributed to further our understanding of the relationship between the mechanical ventilator and inflammatory lung injury, the authors also offer a concise reappraisal of the clinical strategies used to minimize VILI in ARDS. Special emphasis is placed on the theory of biotrauma, which attempts to explain how multi-organ failure may develop in patients who ultimately succumb to this syndrome.     

Protective ventilation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

In a recent issue of the British Journal of Anaesthesia, Moloney and Griffiths reviewed clinically pertinent issues surrounding the management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patient, particularly as it pertains to the treatment of ventilator induced/associated lung injury (VILI). In addition to highlighting the important observations that have contributed to further our understanding of the relationship between the mechanical ventilator and inflammatory lung injury, the authors also offer a concise reappraisal of the clinical strategies used to minimize VILI in ARDS. Special emphasis is placed on the theory of biotrauma, which attempts to explain how multi-organ failure may develop in patients who ultimately succumb to this syndrome.     

Comparison of high-frequency jet ventilation to conventional ventilation in adults with respiratory distress syndrome

Sixteen patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) were studied. In group I (12 patients, 15 explorations) patients were treated with continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) during conventional ventilation (CV), pulmonary lesions (PL) were severe (Q_sp/Q_t=0.24–0.16 with PEEP=14±7 cm H₂O) and high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) was performed without spontaneous ventilation (SV). In group II (5 patients, 12 explorations) patients were treated with intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) during CV, PL were moderate (Q_sp/Q_t=0.13–0.05 with PEEP=8±3 cm H₂O) and HFJV was performed with SV. In both groups, frequency was 120 c/mn and I:E ratio=1:2. The cannula size, the driving pressure and the PEEP (water column) were progressively adapted to obtained the same blood gases as those observed during CV, FIO₂ being the same. Results on HFJV were compared to CV. In both groups there were no differences between PaCO₂, PaO₂, FIO₂, Q_sp/Q_t during CV and HFJV. In group I peak airway pressure (PAWP), mean artery pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), transmural mean pulmonary and wedge pressure (MPAP_tm, PWP_tm) were not different. Mean airway pressure (MAWP), PEEP and pleural pressure (PP) were higher, cardiac index (CI) was lower. In group II, PP, CI, MAP, HR, MPAP_tm, MPWP_tm were not different. PAWP was lower, MAWP and PEEP were higher. We conclude that during HFJV it is possible to obtain the same blood gas as during CV, but HFJV without CV may not be indicated in patients with severe PL, because circulatory impairment is higher.     

Noninvasive ventilation in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the recent literature concerning the use of noninvasive ventilation for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. RECENT FINDINGS: The benefits of noninvasive ventilation for patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure are unclear. In immunocompromised patients and following thoracic surgery, there is a strong rationale for using noninvasive ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure. Prophylactic continuous positive airway pressure after abdominal or thoracic surgery and prophylactic noninvasive ventilation in patients at risk of extubation failure have proved beneficial. Recent studies show that noninvasive ventilation has a favourable impact in immunocompetent patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, but caution is required. In hypoxemic acute respiratory failure after extubation, one study reported excess mortality in patients treated with noninvasive ventilation, possibly related to the delay for intubation. A major issue is avoiding undue noninvasive ventilation prolongation and staying alert for predictors of early noninvasive ventilation failure. Caution, close monitoring, and broad experience are required. SUMMARY: Hypoxemic acute respiratory failure may benefit from noninvasive ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure, but undue prolongation should be avoided. In postextubation respiratory failure there is no evidence for routine use of noninvasive ventilation.     

机械通气患者呼吸道管理的护理进展

介绍机械通气患者呼吸道管理的护理进展.重点阐述机械通气患者气道湿化、吸氧、排痰、气囊、医源性气道感染控制等方面的护理技术,为临床专科护理提供参考.     

序贯机械通气治疗肺结核呼吸衰竭的临床观察

目的探讨序惯性机械通气在治疗肺结核合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法对肺结核继发呼吸衰竭并接受有创通气(n=46,单纯有创通气治疗组)与序贯机械通气(n=23,序贯治疗组)患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组基本情况、血气分析、呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)、病死率及机械通气时间。结果序贯治疗组与对照组比较改善显著,序贯组有创通气时间为(8.3±5.2)天vs(15.2±6.7)天,气道损伤8例vs 28例,VAP发生率为26.1%vs52.2%,死亡2例vs 14例(P0.05)。但在总机械通气时间及住ICU时间比较差异无统计学意义。结论在肺结核并呼吸衰竭机械通气过程中,采用有创与无创序贯性机械通气治疗可以降低有创通气天数,气道损伤,VAP发生率及病死率。     

Palliative noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure

Over the last two decades, the increasing use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has diminished the need for endotracheal ventilation, thus decreasing the rate of ventilation-induced complications. Thus, NIV has decreased both intubation rates and mortality rates in specific subsets of patients with acute respiratory failure (e.g., patients with hypercapnia, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, immune deficiencies, or post-transplantation acute respiratory failure). NIV is also increasingly used as a palliative strategy when endotracheal ventilation is deemed inappropriate. In this context, palliative NIV can either be administered to offer a chance for survival, or to alleviate the symptoms of respiratory distress in dying patients. The literature provides information from 10 studies published between 1992 and 2006, in which 458 patients received palliative NIV. The technique was feasible, usually well tolerated, and half of the patients survived. The objectives of this review article are to define palliative NIV, to delineate the place for palliative NIV among overall indications of NIV, and to define the contribution of NIV to the palliative strategies available for patients with acute respiratory failure. Potential benefits and harm from NIV in patients who are not eligible for endotracheal ventilation are discussed. The appropriateness of palliative NIV should be reported in a study that relies on both quantitative criteria (rate of palliative NIV use and mortality) and qualitative criteria (patient comfort, end-of-life process, family burden, and health-care provider satisfaction).