改良12导联心电图结合食管心电图在室上性心动过速诊断中的作用

目的探讨改良12导联心电图结合食管心电图在阵发性室上性心动过速分型和定位中的作用。方法:15例病人用食管起搏方法诱发心动过速后,同步记录食管和12导联心电图。如P波显示不清则采用V1导联上一肋或V1导联下一肋及加大增益等方法记录改良12导联心电图。据此分析阵发性室上性心动过速类型。结果10例病人的P波通过改良方法后明显突出。与心内电生理结果比较,改良12导联心电图结合食管心电图对室上性心动过速定型和定位诊断准确率达100%。结论改良12导联心电图描记可突出逆行P波,12导联心电图结合食管心电图分析可提高对阵发性室上性心动过速分型和定位的准确性。     

房室结折返性心动过速合并房室结-希浦系统传导阻滞

房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）是阵发性室上性心动过速的常见类型,也是房室结双径路传导在体表心电图的表现形式之一。QRS波群与P^-波的关系直接反映了AVNRT的形成机制,也是体表心电图分析及诊断的主要依据。但P^-波常被QRS波群掩盖,给诊断带来一定的困难。除了诱发及终止AVNRT时的心电图表现对诊断有帮助外,AVNRT出现房室结或希一浦系统传导阻滞时的电生理及心电图改变对其诊断与鉴别诊断也有极大的帮助。     

食管心房调搏术在室上速消融前的诊断作用

目的研究食管心房调搏检查在阵发性室上性心动过速患者行射频消融术前的诊断与应用。方法本次选择对象为阵发性室上性心动过速患者,时间在2017年12月至2018年8月之间,对其实施射频消融术前进行食管心房调搏检查,所有患者均诱发出心动过速,在心动过速时应采用多导心电图进行记录,并分析检测结果。结果在不同类型阵发性室上性心动过速患者中,AVRT例数最多,所占比为65.00%;其次为AVNRT,所占比为25.00%。有4例与腔内电生理检查不符合,误诊率为4.00%。结论阵发性室上性心动过速患者行射频消融术前实施食管心房调搏检查具有重要意义,且具有安全可靠的优势,值得研究。     

心电图aVL导联对阵发性室上性心动过速折返途径的鉴别作用

目的:研究体表心电图aVL导联对阵发性室上性心动过速的鉴别诊断作用。方法:选取2009-01至2009-11因症状性阵发性室上性心动过速在我院行心脏射频消融术(RFCA)治疗的连续病例112例,按心动过速类型分为房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT,n=60)和房室折返性心动过速(AVRT,n=52),比较两者心电图特点。结果:AVNRT与AVRT患者在年龄上差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),但是AVNRT中女性患者的比例多于AVRT(55.6%和33.3%,P=0.04)。aVL切迹与V1导联伪R波及下壁导联伪S波(标准心电图算法)发生在AVNRT的比例均大于AVRT(P均0.001)。aVR导联ST段抬高发生在AVNRT的比例小于AVRT(P=0.0001),并且在AVRT患者中71.4%为左侧旁道。QRS电交替在AVRT和AVNRT间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。aVL切迹和V1导联伪R波及下壁导联伪S波诊断AVNRT的敏感性分别为53.3%、46.7%,42.2%,特异性分别是82.1%、84.6%、94.9%。aVL切迹诊断AVNRT的敏感性高于V1导联伪R波及下壁导联伪S波(标准心电图算法),但是三者之间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:aVL切迹多发生于AVNRT并有助于AVNRT和AVRT的鉴别诊断。     

体表与食管心电图在隐匿性房室旁路诊断及定位中的价值

目的探讨诊断隐匿性房室旁路的简易方法。方法110例经心内电生理确诊并成功消融的隐匿性房室旁路患者。术前行食管心房调搏检查,观察S2R2有无跳跃性延长;记录心动过速时的体表心电图,观察逆传P波的方向及形态;同步记录食管与V1导联心电图,观察P波在V1(P-V1)及食管导联(P-E)的先后顺序。结果110例中106例S2R2呈逐渐延长。67例左侧旁路房室折返性心动过速时P-E先于P-V1,39例右侧旁路P-V1先于P-E,4例中间隔旁路P-E与P-V1几乎同时出现。且不同部位的房室旁路在不同导联上逆传P波形态不同,并有显著差别。结论隐匿性房室旁路可根据心动过速时的体表心电图P波的方向及形态作出初步诊断,结合食管与V1导联同步心电图以及食管调搏结果可基本确定诊断。     

食管心房调搏对阵发性室上性心律失常的诊断意义

目的探讨食管心房调搏对阵发性室上性心律失常的诊断意义。方法应用食管导联心电图对82例各类阵发性室上性心律失常的检出率对照分析。结果房室结双径路在双极食管导联的检出率为82.57%,单极食管导联的检出率为57.3%（P〈0.01）;预激综合征（WPW）合并房室折返性心动过速在双极食管导联的检出率为11.46%,单极食管导联的检出率为10.98%（P〈0.05）。室性心动过速伴房室分离在双极食管导联的检出率为2.75%,单极食管导联心电图的检出率为1.22%（P〈0.05）;室性心动过速与心房扑动并存在双极食管导联的检出率为2.29%,单极食管导联心电图的检出率为1.22%（P〈0.05）;室性心动过速伴1：1室房逆传在双极食管导联的检出率为1.83%,单极食管导联心电图的检出率为1.22%（P〈0.05）。结论双极食管导联对阵发性室上性心律失常的检出率比单极食管导联的检出率高,安全、可靠、实用、能定位、对射频消融术前病例的筛选具有重要作用。     

双极食管心电图对P波的形态特征及右侧隐匿性旁道的诊断

目的探讨双极食管心电图P波的形态特征以及其对右侧隐匿性旁道的诊断价值。方法选择经心内电生理检查和射频消融术证实的32例右侧隐匿性旁道患者。消融术前经食管心房调搏诱发阵发性室上性心动过速发作,以相同的走纸速度和振幅记录发作前后体表12导联、单极食管、双极食管心电图。分别观察P波形态、极性、P波与QRS波关系,测量P波振幅、时限,以心内电生理检查结果为标准分析单极与双极心电图对右侧隐匿性旁道的诊断灵敏度。结果单极食管心电图P波无极性变化,双极食管心电图P波可根据需要调整极性。双极食管心电图和单极食管心电图的P波振幅分别为0.55±0.10mV和0.34±0.10mV(P<0.05),P波时限分别为98.4±11.2ms和101.2±12.5ms(P>0.05)。单极食管心电图和双极食管心电图对右侧隐匿性旁道的诊断灵敏度分别为68.8%和93.8%(P<0.05)。结论双极食管心电图记录的P波振幅大于单极食管心电图,并能更清晰的显示P波以及P波与QRS波之间的关系,对右侧隐匿性旁道的诊断优于单极食管心电图。     

两种方法逆行P波检出率的对比研究

为提高逆行P波(p~-波)检出率,用食管调搏法和常规心电图法对比观察37例隐匿性旁道参与的室上性心动过速患者Ⅰ、Ⅱ、V_1导联p~-波的检出率和极性确定率。结果提示:食管调搏法的p~-波检出率和极性确定率(100％、100％)远高于常规心电图法(46.8％、36.9％)(P<0.01)。认为食管调搏是鉴别室上速机制和无创伤定位隐匿性旁道的简便、可靠的手段。     

食管心脏电生理检查诱发快速性心律失常

快速性心律失常是临床上最为常见的心律失常,包括阵发性室上性心动过速和阵发性室性心动过速。部分患者在心动过速发作时,可能由于各种原因未能及时记录到心电图,而无法确诊。经食管心房调搏可诱发与复制阵发性室上性心动过速、心房扑动与心房颤动等快速性心律失常,并确定其发生机制与折返途径,为进一步治疗提供依据。经食管心房调搏偶尔也会诱发阵发性室性心动过速,但一般不会诱发心室扑动和心室颤动,除非预激伴快速性房颤蜕变为心室扑动或心室颤动。一.诱发快速性心律失常的方法经食管心房调搏诱发的快速性心律失常绝大多数由折返激动所致,     

40例宽QRS波心动过速体表心电图及食管电生理诊断分析

目的　探讨体表心电图及食管电生理检查对宽 QRS波心动过速的诊断的准确性。方法　回顾分析 40例宽 QRS波心动过速患者体表心电图、食管心电生理检查特点 ,并与心内电生理检查结果比较 ,检验各传统指标的敏感性、特异性及准确性。结果　在体表心电图及食管电生理检查各项诊断指标中 ,诊断室性心动过速的敏感性、准确性较高的指标有 :胸导联无 RS型、食管心电图房室分离、心房起搏不能终止心动过速。结论　将体表心电图及食管电生理检查结合起来分析可提高对宽 QRS波心动过速诊断的准确性。     

食管心房调搏诊断室上性心动过速的临床研究

为探讨食管心房调搏揭示室上性心动过速发生机制的价值和局限性,回顾性分析成功射频导管消融的１３８例隐匿性单房室旁道参与的顺向型房室折返性心动过速和１００例单一类型房室结折返性心动过速的食管心房调搏结果。结果显示：前１３８例中,３例前间隔旁道引起者食管心房调搏均诊断为房室结折返性心动过速余为左右侧其它部位的旁道,诊断正确。后１００例中,５例为慢－慢型,２例为快－慢型,食管心房调搏均诊断为房室折返性心动     

U Wave during Supraventricular Tachycardia: Simulation of a Long RP Tachycardia and Hiding the Common Type AVNRT

The main tool for the differentiation of supraventricular tachycardia is the 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Especially differentiating the atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from the atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) due to concealed accessory pathway or from an atrial tachycardia (AT) is very important for catheter setting and ablation approach in an electrophysiological study. In our case we saw the occurrence of a U wave during tachycardia—simulating a pseudo P wave. This mimicked a long RP‐tachycardia, although it was a common type AVNRT.     

The Utility of a Lewis Lead for Distinguishing Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia from Typical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Objective The Lewis lead configuration is an alternative bipolar chest lead and it can help detect atrial activity. The utility of the Lewis lead to distinguish orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) from typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) by visualizing the apparent retrogradely conducted P waves was investigated. Methods Forty-four patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) were included in this study. All patients had PSVT documented by an electrocardiogram (ECG) and underwent an electrophysiological study (EPS). During tachycardia, an ECG recording was performed using a Lewis lead with the electrode on the right aspect of the sternum at the second intercostal space instead of the right arm and the electrode on the fourth intercostal space instead of the left arm. The ECG parameters during tachycardia were compared between AVRT and AVNRT. Results Fourteen patients were diagnosed with AVRTs and 30 with typical AVNRTs on EPS. The positive P wave could be seen in the Lewis lead configuration in 9 of 14 patients with AVRTs and 21 of 30 patients with AVNRTs. P waves were more often visible in the Lewis lead configuration than in the standard leads (66% vs. 45%). The RP interval was significantly longer for AVRTs than for AVNRTs (88±17 vs. 154±34 ms, p<0.001), which yields 89% sensitivity and 71% specificity for distinguishing these 2 tachyarrhythmias with a cut-off point of 100 ms. Conclusion A Lewis lead configuration may help to make an accurate diagnosis among the reentrant supraventricular tachycardias prior to procedures, owing to its ability to locate P waves.     

异丙肾上腺素与阿托品诱发阵发性室上性心动过速的对比观察

目的 对比观察异丙肾上腺素与阿托品试验在经食管心房调搏中诱发室上性心动过速的异同。方法 87例阵发性室上性心动过速病人,54例用异丙肾上腺素(Iso组,2μg/min静脉滴注),33例用阿托品(Atr组,0.04mg/kg静脉注射)后重复经食管心房调搏检查。结果 异丙肾上腺素与阿托品诱发成功率分别为83.3%、66.7%,前者略高于后者,但两者无显著差异(P>0.05);异丙肾上腺素诱发房室结折返性心动过速多于房室折返性心动过速,而阿托品诱发房室折返性心动过速多于房室结折返性心动过速,两者有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 异丙肾上腺素、阿托品均可取得大致相同的阵发性室上性心动过速的诱发成功率,仅在诱发室上性心动过速的类型上有一定差异。     

Radiofrequency ablation for treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia complicated by atrial fibrillation:A single-center retrospective analysis

Background The effect of selective radiofrequency ablation for treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT) and its associated paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF) was assessed. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from patients diagnosed of PSVT and subsequently treated with radiofrequency ablation. Regular monthly follow-up by dynamic electrocardiography(ECG) was performed. Incident rates of atrial fibrillation before and after ablation were compared. Results 382 PSVT patients with 58 having atrial fibrillation were enrolled. The order of complicated PAF from high to low in these patients was displayed as: atrial tachycardia(AT),atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia(AVRT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia(AVNRT). Among AVRT patients, PAF was more frequent in patients having accessory pathways. AVNRT patients had significantly lower PAF rate comparing to other patients. PAF incident rate was significantly reduced by radiofrequency ablation therapy. Conclusion We advise regular dynamic ECG for PSVT patients, especially those with atrial flutter, AT or pre-excitation syndrome. Selective radiofrequency ablation is a feasible approach for treating AF complicated PSVT patients.     

食管电生理诊断阵发性室上性心动过速

目的探讨食管电生理诊断阵发性室上性心动过速(paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,PSVT)及分型的准确性。方法收集经食管电生理和心内电生理检查并行射频消融治疗的PSVT42例,将两种电生理对PSVT的诊断及分型进行比较,用X2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果两种电生理检查诊断房室结双径路、慢快型房室结折返性心动过速、常见的顺向型房室折返性心动过速差异无显著性,食管电生理对房室旁路的粗略定位准确性较高,但对快慢型房室结折返性心动过速、慢房室旁路参予的房室折返性心动过速与房性心动过速不易辨别。结论食管电生理诊断常见类型的PSVT与心内电生理有相似的价值,且具有无创、简便、费用低等优点;但对不常见或复杂的PSVT不易辨别。     

Exercise-induced uncommon atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with sick sinus syndrome: a case report.

Exercise seldom provokes tachycardia in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). This report presents a case of exercise-induced uncommon atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) with sick sinus syndrome. Treadmill exercise testing provoked AVNRT of long RP' with good reproducibility. Uncommon AVNRT was confirmed by the lack of atrial pre-excitation during PSVT and para-Hisian pacing. The patient has been successfully treated with verapamil and DDD pacing for 5 years.     

经食管心房调搏对阵发性室上速诱发与终止的临床价值

目的：研究经食管心房调搏对阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）诱发与终止的价值。方法：选择237例有心动过速发作史的患者进行食管心房调搏检查,如果诱发出阵发性室上速,进行12导联心电图记录后,予以短阵快速刺激或程序期前刺激终止之。另外对54例急诊PSVT患者直接予以短阵快速刺激或程序期前刺激终止之。结果：在被检的237例患者中诱发出PSVT148例,占62．4％（其中房室结双径87例,房室折返为61例）。对其202例PSVT患者均采用短阵快速刺激或程序期前刺激。PSVT即刻终止的有196例,转复成功率97％。结论：经食管心房调搏可作为PSVT筛选检查及终止的首选方法。     

Influence of age and gender on the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of age and gender on the mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that PSVT mechanism may be influenced by age and gender, but contemporary data are limited. METHODS: In 1,754 patients undergoing catheter ablation of 1,856 PSVTs between 1991 and 2003, the mechanism was classified as atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), or atrial tachycardia (AT). Patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and age <5 years were excluded. RESULTS: The mean age was 45 +/- 19 years (range 5-96), and the majority were women (62%). Overall, AVNRT was the predominant mechanism (n = 1,042 [56%]), followed by AVRT (n = 500 [27%]) and AT (n = 315 [17%]). There was a strong relationship between age and PSVT mechanism; the proportion of AVRT in both sexes decreased with age, whereas AVNRT and AT increased (PM < .001 by ANOVA). The majority of patients with AVRT were men (273/500 [54.6%]), whereas the majority of patients with AVNRT and AT were women (727/1,042 [70%] and 195/315 [62%], respectively). The distribution of PSVT mechanism was significantly influenced by gender (P < .001). In women, 63% had AVNRT, 20% had AVRT, and 17.0% had AT. In men, 45% had AVNRT, 39% had AVRT, and 17% had AT. AVNRT replaced AVRT as the dominant PSVT mechanism at age 40 in men and at age 10 in women. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of PSVT in patients presenting for ablation is significantly influenced by both age and gender.