aVR导联ST段抬高在预测非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者预后中的价值

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高在预测首次非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者短期预后中的价值。方法分析426例非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者入院心电图。结果aVR导联无ST段抬高(n=281)、抬高0.05~0.1mV(n=68)和抬高≥0.1mV(n=77)患者的住院死亡率分别是1.8%、7.4%和15.6%。调整基线预测因子和入院时ST段压低的影响,aVR导联ST段抬高0.05~0.1mV和抬高≥0.1mV患者死亡的优势比分别是4.2(95%可信区间为1.4~13.5;P<0.001)和6.1(95%可信区间为2.4~17.3;P<0.001)。住院期间复发心肌缺血事件和心力衰竭发生率随aVR导联ST段抬高程度增加而增加,而不同程度aVR导联ST段抬高患者血清肌酸激酶和肌酸激酶同工酶相似。aVR导联无ST段抬高、抬高0.05~0.1mV和抬高≥0.1mV患者左主干或3支血管病变发生率分别为16.9%、37.1%和56.2%(P<0.001)。结论首次非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死伴aVR导联ST段抬高患者预后较差,而这种差的预后与严重的冠状动脉病变有关,对这些患者进行早期介入治疗也许有重要的益处。     

aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死预后的价值

目的探讨心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后的价值。方法首次入院急性前壁心肌梗死患者57例，对其心电图和冠状动脉造影及临床资料进行对比分析。根据心电图aVR导联ST段变化分为抬高组、无偏移组。结果梗死相关血管为左主干病变的ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为5例（21．7％）、1例（2．9％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．01）；病变范围为多支病变ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为10例（43．4％）、8例（23．5％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．05）；发生心脏事件ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为8例（34.8％）、3例（8．8％），两组有显著性差异（p〈0．01）。结论aVR导联ST段抬高对预测急性前壁心肌梗死患者的预后有重要的价值，应高度重视。     

ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后单导联ST段回落不良对预后的影响及其预测因素

目的探讨单个导联ST段回落程度不良对临床预后的影响并筛选其相关的预测因素,以早期识别高危患者,从而积极防止心肌无复流的发生。方法回顾性收集964例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,分析单导联ST段回落不良患者的临床特征及住院期间主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生的差异,应用统计学软件筛选盯段回落不良的预测因素。结果急诊PCI后梗死相关血管（IRA）前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而心电图ST段回落小于50％者占27．42％。ST段无回落组其年龄更大、前壁心肌梗死比率更多、心功能分级≥Killip2级更多、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）峰值更高、糖尿病比率更多、纤维蛋白原浓度更大、C反应蛋白（CRP）升高比率更多、入院白细胞水平更高、胸痛至急诊室时间更长、冠状动脉病变更复杂,临床预后比较显示,汀段无回落组平均住院日更长,左室射血分数更低,梗死后心绞痛发生率更高,术后IRA血流TIMIⅢ级达标率更低,心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、心脏性死亡以及总的MACE事件发生率更高（25．5％对4．4％,P〈0．001）。Cox回归分析显示ST段回落不良是住院期间发生MACE的独立预测因素之一（RR=3．33,P〈0．001）。Logistic回归分析显示ST段回落不良的预测因素有前壁心肌梗死、入院心功能分级2级以上（Killip）、胸痛至急诊室时间（h）、入院白细胞计数。结论ST段抬高的心肌梗死急诊PCI后IRA达到TIMIⅢ级血流者仍会有近1／3的患者其心电图ST段回落小于50％,反映其心肌组织水平灌注不良,这些患者住院期间发生MACE的风险明显升高。前壁心肌梗死、入院心功能较差、入院白细胞计数较高、胸痛至急诊室时间较长等均与ST段回落不良高度相关,对具备以上情况的高危患者应采取更加积极的干预方案。     

急性心肌梗死aVR导联ST段抬高的临床意义

目的 探讨体表心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)诊断及临床预后的意义.方法 收集2010年10月至2012年12月因急性心肌梗死入住我院的患者共240例,根据患者入院时心电图aVR导联ST段有无抬高,分为A组(AVR导联ST段抬高)80例和B组(aVR导联ST段无抬高)160例,对两组患者临床资料、冠状动脉造影结果及主要不良心血管事件进行对比.结果 ①两组患者性别、糖尿病病史、PCI病史等一般临床资料对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②两组冠状动脉造影结果比较:IRA为左主干(LM),A组9例,B组3例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);IRA左主干和(或)三支血管(LM/3VD),A组46例,B组15例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).③aVR导联ST抬高对IRA为左主干的敏感性及特异性分别为75％和69％,对IRA为左主干和(或)三支病变的敏感度及特异度分别为73％和81％.④住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE),A组36例,B组25例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).⑤在住院期间,aVR导联ST段抬高(OR=10.03,95％CI=5.36～18.77,P＜0.01)是急性心肌梗死患者发生不良心血管事件的独立危险因素.结论 aVR导联ST段抬高提示急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管为左主干和(或)三支血管病变及住院期间不良心血管事件发生率增高.aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管判断及临床预后具有一定的临床指导意义.     

肌钙蛋白Ⅰ结合心电图aVR导联ST段变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征临床预后的评估

目的结合实验室检测肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与心电图aVR导联ST段抬高情况,探讨二者在非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者的预后评估中的价值。方法入选非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者255例,采血检验肌钙蛋白Ⅰ,并详细测量心电图AVR导联ST段抬高情况,均行冠脉造影,根据具体情况分别行冠脉介入治疗、冠脉搭桥手术及药物保守治疗,随访6个月,观察终点为不良心血管事件,包括心肌梗死(包括再梗)、心血管死亡和血运重建。结果在随访的6个月内,肌钙蛋白Ⅰ值(OR=7.01,95%CI=1.22～12.63,P=0.02)和aVR导联ST段抬高值(OR=1.38,95%CI=1.084～1.751,P=0.009)是患者发生死亡和心肌梗死(包括再梗)的独立危险因素;同时,肌钙蛋白Ⅰ值(OR=1.249,95%CI=1.114～1.501,P0.01)和aVR导联ST段抬高值(OR=2.03,95%CI=1.20～4.29,P=0.04)亦是患者不良心血管事件(包括死亡、心肌梗死及血运重建术)发生的独立危险因素。在NSTE-ACS患者中,肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的升高的同时aVR导联ST段抬高者,其左主干病变或三支冠状动脉血管病变发生,以及不良心血管事件(包括死亡、心肌梗死、再梗、血运重建)的发生均是最高的。结论在临床中结合肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和心电图aVR导联ST段变化,可以早期应用于非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者预后的判断。     

aVR导联ST段抬高预测心肌梗死患者的预后

非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（AMI）的病生理机制、梗死范围和受累心肌数量均可能存在差异，早期的危险分层对指导选择适当的治疗方案很有帮助。体表ECG已被广泛用于危险分层，非ST段抬高型AMI病人入院ECG时ST段压低已被认为是住院不良心脏事件最强的预测因子之一。以往研究表明在不稳定性心绞痛或ST段抬高型AMI病人，aVR导联ST段抬高合并复极异常提示严重冠状动脉（冠脉）病变的存在。本研究目的是探讨aVR导联ST段抬高在预测首次非ST段抬高型AMI病人中短期预后的价值。     

aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死的预后价值研究

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者的预后价值。方法根据心电图aVR导联ST段变化将84例急性前壁心肌梗死患者分为ST段抬高组（A组,44例）及ST段无抬高组（B组,40例）,对比分析两组患者的心电图和冠状动脉造影（CAG）及心血管事件发生率。结果 （1）梗死相关血管为左主干病变的A组9例（20.45%）与B组1例（2.50%）,两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;（2）梗死相关血管为三支病变的A组27例（61.36%）与B组10例（25.00%）,两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;（3）发生心血管事件的A组10例（22.73%）与B组3例（7.50%）,两组统计有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论 aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后有重要预测价值,应高度重视。     

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后单导联ST段回落不良对预后的影响

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊介入治疗后单导联ST段回落程度对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析248例急性STEMI行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料,将患者分为两组,A组为ST段回落良好组（回落率950％）,B组为ST段回落不良组（回落率〈50％）。比较两组的预后情况。结果A组172例（69．40％）,B组76例（30．60％）。随访2年,B组发生主要心脏不良事件（MACE）的比例高于A组,B组在随访期间发生MACE的相对危险度（RR值）为42．48（P〈0．05）。结论急性STEMI急诊介入治疗后ST段回落程度与临床预后显著相关。     

心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性冠脉综合征患者长期预后的评估价值研究

目的探讨心电图a VR导联ST段抬高对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者长期预后的评估价值,为提高ACS的诊治水平提供参考依据。方法选取2011年10月—2012年12月解放军第一零五医院收治的ACS患者185例,根据心电图a VR导联ST段变化分为ST段抬高组(n=112)和非ST段抬高组(n=73)。收集入选ACS患者的临床资料和随访资料,主要包括年龄、性别、既往史、吸烟史、心率、收缩压、心功能分级、生化指标〔超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、血肌酐及心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)阳性率〕、冠状动脉病变情况、治疗情况〔经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗〕及心血管事件发生情况、随访时间、3年无心血管事件生存率,并采用多元Cox比例风险回归模型筛选影响ACS患者长期预后的相关因素。结果两组患者年龄、心率、收缩压、血肌酐、男性所占比例、既往史(高血压、糖尿病、心肌梗死)阳性率、吸烟史阳性率、心功能分级Ⅱ～Ⅳ级者所占比例、三支病变发生率、PCI治疗率和CABG治疗率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者hs-CRP水平、CK-MB水平、全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分、cTnT阳性率、左主干病变发生率和左主干+三支病变发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ST段抬高组患者再发心肌梗死、新发心力衰竭、心源性猝死发生率均高于非ST段抬高组(P0.05)。ST段抬高组患者中82例发生心血管事件,随访时间为0～36个月,3年无心血管事件生存率为26.8%;非ST段抬高组患者中26例发生心血管事件,随访时间为2～36个月,3年无心血管事件生存率为64.3%。非ST段抬高组患者3年无心血管事件生存率高于ST段抬高组(log-rankχ~2=25.711,P0.001)。多元Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,aVR导联ST段抬高〔HR=3.79,95%CI(1.81,7.90)〕是ACS患者长期预后的独立危险因素。结论心电图aVR导联ST段抬高的ACS患者长期预后劣于非ST段抬高的ACS患者;心电图aVR导联ST段抬高是ACS患者长期预后的独立预测因子。     

非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者的临床特点及不良事件发生率分析

目的探讨非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死的临床特点及住院不良事件发生率。方法回顾性分析我院急性心肌梗死患者105例,分为ST段抬高组（n=68）和非ST段抬高组（n=37）,分析比较两组患者的冠状动脉造影特点及住院不良事件发生率。结果冠状动脉造影示病变血管数差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）;非ST段抬高组以老年人多见（71％）,其中〉60岁的女性患者占41％,相关血管不完全闭塞比例较高、累及非主支血管较多,且梗死相关血管周围多有侧支循环形成。非ST段抬高组总住院不良事件（包括心力衰竭、再次心肌梗死、再次冠脉介入治疗和脑卒中等）的发生率明显较低,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）,但住院病死率和消化道出血发生率差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论非ST段抬高者以老年、女性患者居多,临床表现和冠状动脉造影的结果不典型,但有较好的近期预后。     

急性冠脉综合征三支病变患者心电图表现

目的研究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)三支病变患者心电图表现。方法241例冠状动脉(冠脉)造影明确的ACS分成非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)(n=173)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)(n=68)两种群体,比较各群体中三支病变与非三支病变患者心电图指标。结果NSTEMI-ACS三支病变与左主干病变患者多表现为V₄~V₆、Ⅰ、Ⅱ导联ST段压低伴随aVR导联ST段抬高的心电图模式。与STEMI非三支病变患者相比,STEMI三支病变患者Ⅰ、aVL、V₆导联ST段抬高数占比较多,且多有aVR导联T波直立与低电压表现;冠脉造影提示STEMI三支病变患者右冠及左回旋支狭窄程度更重。结论NSTEMI-ACS三支病变与左主干病变患者具有相对特定的心电图表现,STEMI三支病变患者心肌梗死部位广泛,易合并侧壁心肌梗死。     

Combined prognostic utility of ST segment in lead aVR and troponin T on admission in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes

Many studies have shown that ST-segment depression is a strong predictor of poor outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACSs); however, lead aVR was not considered in these studies. The present study examined the prognostic usefulness of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in combination with biochemical markers in 333 patients with NSTE-ACS. ST-segment deviation of > or =0.5 mm was considered clinically significant. Coronary angiography was performed a median of 3 days after admission in all patients. The primary end point was the composite of death, myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization at 90 days. ST-segment elevation in lead aVR (odds ratio 13.8, 95% confidence interval 1.43 to 100.9, p = 0.03) and increased troponin T (odds ratio 7.9, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 123.8, p = 0.04) were the only independent predictors of restricted events (death or myocardial infarction) at 90 days. ST-segment elevation in lead aVR (odds ratio 12.8, 95% confidence interval 4.80 to 33.9, p < 0.0001) and increased troponin T (odds ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 4.29, p = 0.04) were also the only independent predictors of adverse events (death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization) at 90 days. When ST-segment status in lead aVR was combined with troponin T, patients with ST-segment elevation in lead aVR and increased troponin T had the highest rates of left main or 3-vessel coronary disease (62%) and 90-day adverse outcomes (47%). In conclusion, our findings suggest that ST-segment status in lead aVR combined with troponin T on admission is a simple and useful clinical tool for early risk stratification in patients with NSTE-ACS.     

An early and simple predictor of severe left main and/or three-vessel disease in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Clopidogrel should be initiated as soon as possible in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) except those who urgently require coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The present study assessed the ability to predict severe left main coronary artery and/or 3-vessel disease (LM/3VD) that would most likely require urgent CABG based on only clinical factors on admission in 572 patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing coronary angiography. Severe LM/3VD was defined as ≥75% stenosis of LM and/or 3VD with ≥90% stenosis in ≥2 proximal lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery and other major epicardial arteries. Patients were divided into the 3 groups according to angiographic findings: no LM/3VD (n = 460), LM/3VD but not severe LM/3VD (n = 57), and severe LM/3VD (n = 55). Severe LM/3VD was associated with a higher rate of urgent CABG compared to no LM/3VD and LM/3VD but not severe LM/3VD (46%, 2%, and 2%, p <0.001). On multivariate analysis, degree of ST-segment elevation in lead aVR was the strongest predictor of severe LM/3VD (odds ratio 29.1, p <0.001), followed by positive troponin T level (odds ratio 1.27, p = 0.044). ST-segment elevation ≥1.0 mm in lead aVR best identified severe LM/3VD with 80% sensitivity, 93% specificity, 56% positive predictive value, and 98% negative predictive value. In conclusion, ST-segment elevation ≥1.0 mm in lead aVR on admission electrocardiogram is highly suggestive of severe LM/3VD in patients with NSTE-ACS. Selected patients with this finding might benefit from promptly undergoing angiography, withholding clopidogrel to allow early CABG.     

ST-segment elevation resolution in lead aVR: a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The impact of ST-segment elevation resolution in lead aVR on outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Electrocardigrams (ECGs) were recorded on admission and 6 h later in 367 patients with NSTE-ACS. ST-segment deviation >or=0.5 mm was considered significant: 92 patients had ST-segment elevation in lead aVR on admission ECG (ST upward arrowaVR), and 275 did not. Among patients with ST upward arrowaVR, 50 had ST resolution, defined as a reduction >50% in the degree of ST-segment elevation in lead aVR from admission to 6 h later, and 42 did not. ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution was associated with older age, greater ST-segment depression in other leads on admission and 6 h later, higher rates of positive troponin T, left main and/or 3-vessel coronary disease, and adverse events such as death, (re)infarction, or urgent revascularization within 30 days after admission. Multivariate analysis showed that ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution was the strongest independent predictor of death or (re)infarction within 30 days after admission (hazard ratio 5.62, p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution is a strong predictor of 30-day adverse outcomes and correlates with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTE-ACS.     

ST-segment deviation in lead aVR on admission is not associated with left ventricular function at predischarge in first anterior wall ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction

Previous studies have shown that the analysis of ST-segment deviation in lead aVR on admission provides useful information on angiographic coronary anatomy and risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes. However, the association between ST-segment deviation in lead aVR on admission and left ventricular (LV) function has not been fully investigated in anterior wall acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In this study, 237 patients with first anterior wall acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were examined. The patients were divided into the following 3 groups according to ST-segment deviation in lead aVR on admission: 85 with ST-segment elevation ≥0.5 mm (group A), 106 without ST-segment deviation (group B), and 46 with ST-segment depression ≥0.5 mm (group C). LV ejection fractions at predischarge were compared among the 3 groups. Among the 3 groups, there were significant differences in the prevalences of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion (group A 75.3%, group B 56.6%, group C 45.7%, p = 0.002), long LAD (group A 27.1%, group B 31.1%, group C 56.5%, p = 0.002), and good collaterals to the LAD (group A 40.0%, group B 25.4%, group C 17.4%, p = 0.01). LV ejection fractions at predischarge did not differ among the 3 groups (group A 56.4 ± 12.5%, group B 56.9 ± 12.7%, group C 53.3 ± 12.2%, p = 0.26). On a multiple regression analysis, establishment of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow, proximal LAD occlusion, and long LAD were associated with the LV ejection fraction at predischarge. In conclusion, ST-segment deviation in lead aVR on admission is not associated with LV function at predischarge in first anterior wall acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.     

ST-segment depression in lead aVR predicts predischarge left ventricular dysfunction in patients with reperfused anterior acute myocardial infarction with anterolateral ST-segment elevation.

BACKGROUND: Patients with an anterolateral acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a worse prognosis, and those with additional inferolateral wall involvement might be higher risk because of more extensive area at risk. Lead -aVR obtained by inversion of images in lead aVR has been reported to provide useful information for inferolateral lesion. METHODS: We examined the relation between ST-segment deviation in lead aVR on admission electrocardiogram (ECG) and left ventricular function in 105 patients with an anterolateral AMI undergoing successful reperfusion < or = 6 hours after onset. Patients were classified according to ST-segment deviation in lead aVR on admission ECG: group A, 23 patients with ST elevation of > or = 0.5 mm; group B, 47 patients without ST deviation; and group C, 35 patients with ST depression of > or = 0.5 mm. RESULTS: There were no differences among the 3 groups in age, sex, or site of the culprit lesion. In groups A, B, and C, the peak creatine kinase level was 3661 +/- 1428, 4440 +/- 1889, and 6959 +/- 2712 mU/mL, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by predischarge left ventriculography was 54% +/- 9%, 48% +/- 7%, and 37% +/- 9%, respectively(P < .01). During hospitalization, congestive heart failure occurred more frequently in group C than in groups A or B (P < .05). ST-segment depression in lead aVR had a higher predictive accuracy than other ECG findings in identifying patients with predischarge LVEF < or = 35%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in patients with an anterolateral AMI, ST-segment depression in lead aVR on admission ECG is useful for predicting larger infarct and left ventricular dysfunction despite successful reperfusion.     

Prognostic value of combination of ST-segment elevation in lead aVR and positive cTnI in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Background Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is an acute heart disease caused by incomplete occlusion of related coronary arteries with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Lead a VR STsegment elevation and c Tn I positive are closely correlated to the prognosis of NSTE-ACS patients. However,there are few studies applying the two predictors to early risk stratification in NSTE-ACS patients. Method Two hundred and five cases of NSTE-ACS patients followed up for 6 months after discharge were reviewed. All patients were divided into four groups:Group A-c Tn I negative combined with a VR-non-ST-segment elevation group (100 cases) ;Group B-c Tn I negative combined with a VR-ST-segment elevation group (31 cases) ;Group C-c Tn I positive combined with a VR-non-ST-segment elevation group (43 cases) ;Group D-c Tn I positive combined with a VR-ST-segment elevation group (31 cases) . There was no significant difference in gender,age,old myocardial infarction,previous PCI history,hypertension,and diabetes between a VR-ST elevation group and no a VR-ST elevation group. The morbidity of left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease as well as adverse cardiovascular events in the four groups were observed and analyzed. Results (i) The morbidity of left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease was highest in Group D (87.1%),and was markedly higher in Group B (41.9%) than that in Group A (7%) or Group C (9.3%) ; (ii) The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was highest in Group D (77.4%),and was much higher in B (35.5%) as compared with that tin Group A (1%) or group C (7%) . Conclusion Electrocardiographic lead a VR ST-segment elevation combined with c Tn I positive has an important clinical value in predicting the prognosis of the patients with NSTE-ACS.